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ACROSS THE LINE

STARTER
Across the Line Magnetic Starter is applied to motors whose locked rotor
current is only a few times more than the full load current of the motor.

- The terms: energize, activate, operate, run, turn-on, switch on, and
start; are sometimes used interchangeably in the proceeding explanation of
control circuit operation. The terms are to indicate that a machine or an
equipment commence to function and is now taking electrical energy from the
source.

- The terms: de-energize, stops, de-activate, turn-off, switch off, cut-


off, and released are often used interchangeably. Those terms are used to
indicate that a machine or an equipment stops from functioning and taking
energy from the source.

The “ Across Line Magnetic Starter ” is the simplest method of controlling


3-phase motor using a magnetic contactor,

Schematic diagram of the control and power circuits of the “Across The
Line Magnetic Starter”.
Control Operation
Referring to Figure above, after the main circuit breaker CB is closed,
the IDLE pilot lamp indicator is *energized (turn on) indicating that the motor
is at stand still condition.

Magnetic contactor C, RUN and FAULT pilot lamp indicator are still in the
de-energized (turn off) state. When the START push button is pressed,
magnetic contactor C is *energized.

With contactor C energized, contacts C(1-2, 3-4, and 5-6) will be closed
and they connect the motor M to the 3-phase supply lines (L1, L2, and L3).The
motor will run (rotate).Contacts (11-12) will open and make the IDLE pilot
lamp de-energized. Contacts (13-14) will be closed and maintain contactor C
at energized state even if the push button switch is released**.

When the STOP push button is pressed, the current through the
magnetic contactor C is cut off**.Magnetic contactor C is de-
energized**.Contacts C (1-2, 3-4, 5-6) will open and they will de-energized
motor M.Contacts C (11-12) will closed and it will make the IDLE lamp
energized* again to indicate that the motor goes back to its stand still
condition.Contacts C (13-14) will open to release contactor C from its
maintained energize state. The RUN lamp is also de-energized.

When the motor operates* at more than its rated capacity (overloaded),
it will draw an overload current above its rated current. The thermally
operated device O.L. (1-2, 3-4, 5-6) set to operate at the rated current of the
motor will overheat.

This thermally operated device will expand and push a mechanism that will
open the normally closed contacts O.L. (95-96 and will close the normally
open contact O.L. (95-98). Opening contacts O.L. (95-96) will cut off the
current through the contactor C.

This is similar as if the STOP push button is pressed. Closing the normally
open contacts O.L. (95-98) will make the BUZZER to alarm and alert an
operator that something goes wrong with the operation. The FAULT lamp is
also energized* and will be lighted. The lighted FAULT lamp will inform the
operator which motor from a group of motors is at fault.

The circuit involve in starting and stopping starts from line L1, contact I of
contactor C, contacts (95-96) of overload relay O.L., contacts (1-2) of stop
push button, contacts (3-4) of start push button or contacts (13-14) of
contactor C, contact 3 of contactor C and the line L2.

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