AL FURAT PETROLEUM COMPANY TASK DETAILING MANUAL

MODULE NO. : P- 11
MODULE SUBJ. : PROCESS CONTROL
INSTRUMENTATION
Tasks:
Measuring Elements

11.1 Identify the different measuring element of process variables.

11.2 Explain how a pressure switch works.

11 3 Identify types of differential measuring elements (dP, dT etc.)

Control Loops

11.4 Explain with sketches control loops for process variables

11.5 Explain how a split range controller works

Operate (in manual and auto) a control loop and use radio to confirm
11.6
valve position in field.

11.7 Retrieve information from a cause and effect diagram (SD matrix)

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AL FURAT PETROLEUM COMPANY TASK DETAILING MANUAL

MODULE NO. : P11 Process Control Instrumentation

TASK NO. 11.1 Identify the different types of measuring elements.

Requirement – By Trainees :

 The trainee should know and be familiar with different types of level,
pressure, flow and temperature measuring elements.
 The trainee should demonstrate in the process area the different types
of pressure, flow, level and temperature measuring elements.

The different types of level measuring elements are:

1. Hydrostatic pressure uses.

2. Differential pressure.
3. Displacer’s
4. Bob and tape type float (VAREC) (Float and cable)
5. Capacitance.

Temperature measuring element’s are:

1. Bimetallic thermometer’s
2. Liquid in glass thermometer’s (capillary tube thermometer).
3. Thermocouples
4. Resistance thermal detector’s (RTD)
5. Filled system thermometer’s (gas filled or vapour filled)

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LEVEL MEASUREMENT

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DISPLACER OPERATING PRINCIPLE

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FLOAT SWITCHES

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The different types of pressure measuring elements are.

1- Manometer.
2- Bourdon tube. C-tube
Spiral Bourdon tube
Helical Bourdon tube.
3- Diaphragm
4- Bellows element.

The different types of flow measuring elements are

Indirect flow measurement

1. Orifice plate meter.

2. Venture tube.
3. Flow nozzel
4. rotameter.
5. Magnetic flow meter.
6. Turbine meter.

Direct flow measurement

Positive displacement neater. (PD meter).

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BOURDON TUBE GAUGE ADJUSTMENT

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INDIRECT FLOW MEASUREMENT

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DIRECT FLOW MEASUREMENT

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AL FURAT PETROLEUM COMPANY TASK DETAILING MANUAL

MODULE NO. : P11 Process Control Instrumentation

TASK NO. 11.2 Explain how a pressure switch works.

Reference:

AFPC Training Manual (V.1), Introductory training.

Requirement – By Trainees :

The trainee should know and be familiar with how a pressure

switch works and its location at process area.

Pressure Switch

Pressure switch can be set at different values as per the rating of the switch. One
contact normally open or normally closed is selected when pressure is applied at the
set pressure. For example at 30 psi the switch contact should open or close giving an
electrical or pneumatic output.

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AL FURAT PETROLEUM COMPANY TASK DETAILING MANUAL

MODULE NO. : P11 Process Control Instrumentation

TASK NO. 11.3 Identify different types of differential measuring

elements (dp, dt. Etc.)
:

Requirement – By Trainees :

 The trainee should know and be familiar with the different

types of differential measuring elements (dp, dt etc..).
 The trainee should demonstrate at process area the different
types of differential measuring elements.

The different types of dp measuring element’s

1. Pneumatic dp cell
2. Differential pressure bellow’s unit barton type.

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DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE GAUGE

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AL FURAT PETROLEUM COMPANY TASK DETAILING MANUAL

MODULE NO. : P11 Process Control Instrumentation

TASK NO. 11.4 Explain with sketches control loops for process
variables.
:

Requirement – By Trainees:

 The trainee should know and be familiar control loops for process
variables.
 The trainee should demonstrate at process area the different types of
control loops.

With regard to the above diagram it can be seen if the incoming process input
decreased the level in the separator with change. This change is noted by the level
transmitter which in turn sends in a signal (measured value) to the controller. The
controller will measure the deviation and correct it by sending a signal to the
correcting element (the control Value). This is a basic example of how the process
control loop functions.

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MODULE NO. : P11 Process Control Instrumentation

TASK NO. 11.5 Explain how a split range controller works.

Reference:

AFPC Training Manual (V.1), Introductory training.

Requirement – By Trainees:

The trainee should know and understand how a split range

controller works.

Split range controller is one controller having one output controlling two final control
elements that is two control valves. One valve is operated from 3-9 psi and the other
valve is operated from 9-15 psi. One clear example is on the refrigerant skid of G.S.B
- the suction scrubber controller, control the propane (refrigerant) compressor
discharge and the recycle back to the suction scrubber.

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MODULE NO. : P11 Process Control Instrumentation

TASK NO. 11.6 Operate (in manual and auto) a Control loop.

Requirement – by Trainees

 The trainee should know and be familiar with different types control loops.

 Pressure control loop.

 Level Control loop.
 Temperature Control, loop.

 The Trainee should demonstrate in the process area or arrange with the training
center (Work shope) to conduct a actual Training using the available simulators.

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MODULE NO. : P11 Process Control Instrumentation

TASK NO. 11.7 Retrieve information from a cause and effect

diagram (SD matrix).
:

Reference:
AFPC Training Manual (D matrix)

Requirement – By Trainees :

The trainee should know how to use cause and effect diagram
(SD matrix)

A cause and effect is a document which contains valuable information for the
operator/supervisor prior to conducting any test or change in the plant.

On the left hand side of the document you will have the causes and on the right hand
side you will see it’s effects for example in the accompanying chart - the first cause
on V-591 shows LSHH-591-1 and the resultant effects will be.

1. Close SDV-591-2 HP Gas SDV.

2. Close the station gas outlet shut down valve.
3. Shut down the compressor panel.
4. Shut down the glycol panel.
5. You will receive LSHH-591-1 first out indicator on the panel.
6. There will be an audible horn.
7. Compression facility S/D alarm.
8. Audible horns on the glycol/compression panel.

From the above we can see the list of events occurring when we have an LSHH-591-
1. Thus it is said that every operator should have a sound knowledge on how to read
the S/D matrix of the cause and effect. Because it will save him a lot of work for a
simple reason if a calibration check has to be done on LSHH-591-1 he can take the
necessary precautionary measures.

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