Personal Development

2nd Quarter

Prepared by: Ms. Princess L. Perez, RPm

THE WHOLE BRAIN THEORY

Paul Broca did the first study about the brain on 1861 and concluded that some language functions
reside on the left side of the brain.

Split Brain Theory by Roger Sperry, conducted a study for epilepsy. Sperry explained that the brain has
2 hemispheres. The left hemisphere performs tasks adept with analytical, logical, reasoning and
critical thinking. The right hemisphere was performing tasks that were intuitive, creative, and
synthesizing.
The Triune Theory by Paul Maclean identified three parts of the brain: neocortex or rational brain
responsible for intellectual tasks such as language, planning, abstraction, and perception; limbic
system or the intermediate brain is responsible for motivation and emotion involved in feeding,
reproductive behavior and parental behavior; reptilian complex or the primitive brain which controls
self-preservation and aggressive behavior.
The Brain Dominance Theory concluded four parts of the brain, he says that people normally have a
more dominant part of their body.

QAUDRANT/LEARNER TYPE FUNCTION/KEYWORD TYPICAL OCCUPATIONS

Qaudrant A Analytical Broker, chemist, computer

programmer, finance manager
Quadrant B Organized Technical manager, bookkeeper,
construction engineer
Quadrant C Interpersonal Marketing, sales, teacher, social
worker, counselor, secretary
Quadrant D Imaginative Artist, entertainer, musician,
entrepreneur, creative writer,
director

Mind map is a diagram used to represent ideas or information branching from a central keyword or
idea and used as an aid in study, organization, problem solving, decision-making and writing.
MENTAL HEALTH AND WELL-BEING

Mental health defined as successful performance of mental function resulting in productive activities,
fulfilling relationships with other people, and the ability to change and to cope with adversity;
includes emotional, psychological and social well-being.

Mental health problem – short term and temporary change in one’s thoughts, feelings, or behavior
that upsets other’s well-being, interpersonal relationships, and productivity.

Mental illness – refers to diagnosable mental disorders characterized by changes in one’s thinking ,
feeling, and behavior.

WHO concept of mental health and the sic areas that constitute it:

Subjective well-being – defined as one’s personal (subjective) thoughts and feelings about one’s
overall state of being.

Perceived self-efficacy – defined as one’s perception of one’s value and worth, effectiveness and
ability in performing a specific task or activity.

Autonomy – defined as one’s capacity to separate one’s identity from other significant persons like
parents, lovers, and special friends.

Competence – One’s actual skill and capability in performing a task using specific skills and
knowledge achieving the desired results. An individual who is competent will always assume full
responsibility for the actions and results of his behavior.

Intergenerational Independence – refers to the relationship between individuals who belong to

different generations but may be living separately as independent, autonomous persons during a
specific period of time.

Self-actualization – Maslow identified its key characteristics: they have acceptance of the reality, and
have compassion to help and solve problems of other people in society in general.

Mental health problems – short term and temporary change in a person’s thoughts, feelings, or
behavior that upsets one’s well-being, interpersonal relationships, and productivity.

Mental illness – refers to the diagnosable mental disorders characterized by changes in one’s thinking,
feeling and behavior, as well as in one’s relationships and productivity.

Resiliency is the capacity to establish and maintain one’s balance and well-being in the face of
adversity. It is the ability to get back on one’s feet after failure or defeat.

Adaptability, on the other hand, is the capacity to adjust to changes necessary for one’s survival and
balance.
PERSONAL RELATIONSHIP

Relationship – the way in which two or more people , groups or countries, etc, talk to, behave toward
and deal with each other.

Personal relationship – a type of relationship which is closely associated with a person and which can
only have meaning to this person.

Attachment styles by Ainsworth, Blekar, Waters and Wall (1978) says that our succeeding
relationships are all shaped at a large extent by our attachment to our parents.

1. Secure attachment – when the primary caregiver most of the time is present and available and
when all the emotional needs of an infant are met , providing a sense of security to the infant.
The child will grow to have more secure, stable relationships.
2. Avoidant attachment - when the primary caregiver is cold and detached, and even
unresponsive to a child’s needs. The child senses rejection and this often leads to premature
detachment and self reliance. This will lead to possible isolation to people and unstable
relationships in the future.
3. Anxious-ambivalent attachment – when the primary caregiver is not consistent in terms of
presence and in meeting the child’s emotional needs. Often a person will develop separation
anxiety and hesitancy in commitment when entering relationships.

The elements of personal relationship: attachment, attraction, love, and intimacy.

Attraction – first stage in a continuum of stages that lead to intimacy and commitment. Primarily
based on physiology or certain hormones that persons who get attracted to others often pick up with
their noses.

Helen Fisher’s three stages of love:

1. Lust – driven by sex hormones, testosterone, and estrogen.

2. Attraction – described as the lovestruck phase.
3. Attachment – when the couple in love decides to continue with the relationship they enter
the attachment sage where long lasting commitments are exchanged and may lead to raising
a family.

Commitment – continuing process of showing love and care; fulfilling the promises and agreements
made with each other.

Various reasons/ theories for attraction:

1. Transference effect – Our past relationships can affect our current interactions with people.
2. Propinquity effect – We develop a sense of familiarity with people who live close to us, work
with us or go to school with us, which lead us to liking them more,
 3. Similarity – we often like people who have similarities with, such as social class background,
religious beliefs, age and education.
4. Reciprocity – We like people who like us back. The more we are liked by someone we equally
like, the more we behave in ways that promote mutual feelings or liking.
5. Physical attractiveness – major factor in liking someone; connotes positive health and
reproductive fitness which are both essential to human survival.
6. Personality characteristics, and traits – People get attracted to two characteristics that lead to
liking the other person, these are empathic persons and socially competent persons.

Love is not just a feeling, but also includes actions. Love is defined as a strong feeling of affection and
concern toward another person, as that arising from kinship or friendship.

Robert Sternberg’s Triangular Theory of Love

Three components:
1. Intimacy – that lovely moment when we desire for closeness and validation from other
people. being vulnerable and open to a person whom we deeply trust and feel connected
with, values us with unconditional positive regard (Rogers).
2. Commitment - act of deciding to consistently fulfill and live by agreements with another
person, entity or cause.
3. Passion – intense state of being that drives and consumes a person to pursue an interest.
Also connotes sexual attraction, as well as intimacy.

Eight Types of Love by Sternberg:

1. Liking (Intimacy alone) - characterized by a feeling of closeness and trust.

2. Infatuation (passion alone) – a kind of love characterized by intense sexual attraction
without closeness.
3. Empty love (commitment alone) - characterized by a strong commitment to maintaining
the relationship.
4. Romantic love (intimacy and passion) - characterized by the presence of both sexual
passion and emotional intimacy. This is the type of love that a couple feels when their
relationship is blossoming; they are drawn physically to each other, but also feel like best
friends and enjoy spending time together. As romantic love lacks serious commitment, it
is more prevalent in the teenage and young adult years.
5. Companionate love (intimacy and commitment) - characterized by the presence of both
commitment and emotional intimacy. This love is usually found in older relationships,
such as long-term marriages, where the passion has died, but the couple still feels a deep
emotional bond and commitment. Companionate love is usually long lasting and can be a
very satisfying relationship.
6. Fatuous love (passion and commitment) - also called fantasy love because it's almost like
the couple wants to be in love, but has no real emotional bond. A whirlwind courtship and
marriage
 7. Consummate love (intimacy, passion and commitment) –a kind of love that desires
closeness, physical union, and continuity in a relationship.

SOCIAL RELATIONSHIP

Social relationship – tend to be less intimate, with lesser self-disclosure involved but may still be
exclusive and may demand certain levels of loyalty; how we interact and behave with other people
and how they interact and behave with us.

Social influences – things that change people’s behavior, belief and attitude as a result of an action of
another person or group.

Varieties or types of social influences:

1. Compliance – when a person seems to agree and follow what is requested or required but
does not necessarily have to believe or agree.
2. Identification – when a person influenced by something or someone he looks up to.
3. Internalization – when a person is able to own a certain belief or act , and is able to make it
known publicy or privately.
4. Conformity – a type of social influence that involves a change in behavior, belief or thinking to
be like others.
5. Conversion – when a person wholeheartedly changes his or her original thinking or belief
actions and attitudes to align with those of the other members of the group.
6. Minority – when a bigger number of people are influenced by a smaller number of people.
7. Reactance – when there is a willing rejection of a social influence being exrted on an individual
or group.
8. Obedience – when a person follows someone in position of authority.
9. Persuasion – used by someone or group to influence others to change their beliefs, thinking,
actions and attitudes by appealing to a reason or emotion.

Leader – someone who is the head of the group of people by virtue of having great strength and
wisdom, or may have inherited a position of power.

Leadership – ability of a person in position of authority to influence others to behave in such a manner
that goals are achieved.

Leadership Theories:

1. Trait theory - states that there are certain personality traits inherent in and suited for all
leaders such as decisiveness, persistence, high level of self-confidence and assertiveness.
2. Behavioral theory – presupposes that leadership is a learned behavior.
3. Participative theory – is the opposite of an autocratic leader; involves other people in making
decisions.
 4. Situational theory – usually takes into consideration how followers behave.
5. Transactional theory – states that leadership involves a transaction or negotiation of
resources or positions; employs reward and punishment.
6. Transformational theory – involves a vision in which a leader uses to rally support from
followers; motivates others to support a vision and make it happen.
7. Authentic leadership :
a. Leadership is situational
b. Leadership is non-hierarchical
c. Leadership is relational
8. Leader-member exchange theory - states that leader’s effectiveness is measured by the
quality of their relationship with their followers.

Family – two or more persons sharing resources, responsibility for decisions, values and goals, and
have commitment to each other.

Genogram – graphical map of family’s history that traces and illustrates patterns in its structure and
characteristics.

BEST OF LUCK AND GOD BLESS! 