HIGHWAY INTERSECTION

HIGHWAY INTERSECTION AT GRADE

All highways except freeways have intersections at grade. Intersection area is considered part of
every connecting roads. In this area all crossing and turning movement occur.
1. For right angle intersections with little traffic, the use of street sigh is more than sufficient.
2. For Y intersection or other related conformation where vehicles meet at unfavourable angles
may require channelization.
3. The flared design will involve the following:
a. Widening the entering traffic lane to allow deceleration of the car and clear of through
traffic.
b. Widening the leaving lanes provide acceleration and merging from the traffic streams.
4. Intersection must accommodate large trucks, and the radius of all curves must be sufficient
enough to accommodate them.
A careful traffic count and projected future improvement must precede the design of all critical
sections. Based from the data gathered on traffic count, the lane capacity could, the lane capacity
could be determined including the number of lanes to be constructed.
INTERCHANGE AT GRADE

MUJAR, SELENA G.
MUJAR, SELENA G.
 FREEWAY ENTRANCE AND EXIT
The overall effectiveness of the individual freeway systems is governed by the flow
characteristics of vehicles, and the driver’s behaviour near and on and off the channel.

A single lane on ramp vehicle flows into the outer continuing freeway lane. The design is either a
taper blending into the through lane. In either case, sufficient length is required to allow the
vehicles to accelerate and merge into the ongoing vehicle stream at a speed near that of the
freeway.
Vehicles leaving the freeway need distance to accelerate and clear of the flow of ongoing traffic.
In situation where one lane could not meet the traffic demand, two lane exits is necessary. In that
situation, an auxiliary lane must be added to the freeway at least 800 meters before the point of
exit. Even with one lane exit, an auxiliary lane is necessary for it reduces confusion and
congestions.

MUJAR, SELENA G.
RAILROAD – HIGHWAY SEPARATION
The main question asked on a railroad and highway separation is: “where one is to go over- the
railroad or the highway? If the highway is to go over the railroad, the structure itself is lighter
and the highway load is much smaller than the railroad loads. With regards to the vertical
clearance height, the railroad requires a minimum of 7.00 meters as against 4.80 meters clear
distance above the highway.
If the highway goes under the railroad, special provision is required for the removal of rainwater
that falls within the opposing area. If the ground water is high in the vicinity of the crossing, the
roadway must be sealed against leakage and made heavy enough to prevent from floating.
BICYCLE LANE
Bicycle use is now becoming popular due to energy crisis and traffic problems. It requires
separate road for the riders that is entirely separate from the vehicular traffic. The design speed is
20 to30 kilometres per hour for flat section. The width is 2.00 meters minimum for a two way
travel. The grade of the lane is 5% maximum on short distances.

MUJAR, SELENA G.