Pathway to English

An English Course for Senior High School Students Grade XI

Copyright by Penerbit Erlangga

Chapter 1

1. Listen to the following dialogues. Decide which pictures best describe the dialogues.
Dialogue 1
Woman : Dad, the iPod I bought yesterday isn’t working. What do you think I should do about it?
Man : Why don’t you try taking it back to the store?
Woman : Well, I was thinking of that, but do you think you could have a look at it first?
Man : OK, but not now. Maybe later.

Dialogue 2
Woman : What should we do to prevent floods in our surroundings?
Man : I think citizens should be warned about garbage, again and again.
Woman : Yes, I agree with you. The government should campaign for a more healthy lifestyle.

Dialogue 3
Man : Mrs Adams, what do you think I should do about my English class? Should I drop it or
continue with it?
Woman : If I were you, I’d talk with your instructor. Try talking with her about the problem, and
see what she suggests.
Man : OK. Thank you, ma’am.

Dialogue 4
Woman : Daniel, are you busy? I really need some advice.
Man : I’m listening. What’s wrong?
Woman : My friend always asks to copy my homework. I want to tell her to do her own
assignments but I’m afraid she will be angry with me.
Man : I think you shouldn’t give your homework to your friend to copy. Why don’t you help her
do the assignments until she can do them on her own?

3. Close your book. Listen to and repeat the following questions or statements. Then write
them on a piece of paper.
a. Why don’t you take it back d. You can ignore her for a g. You should continue your
to the store? while. English class.
b. What about cancelling your e. Do you need someone to h. Why don’t you send this
appointment? take care of your mother? mail by express mail?
c. You should try to talk to f. May I give you some i. Do you need anything for
him again about this matter. advice? the pain?

4. Listen to the following questions or statements and choose the correct responses.
1) Do you think I should call the police?
2) We should evacuate the flood victims to a safe place.
3) I failed my test.
4) You can explain your idea to your boss.
5) Should we call the Search and Rescue Team to rescue us?
6) It’s really cold outside.
7) Do you have any recommendations for me?
8) Everybody should know how to keep their environment clean and healthy.

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7. Listen to the following talk show. Then answer the questions.
You will hear a radio presenter taking calls during a segment of ‘Beautiful World’. Two senior high
school students, Sarah and Tuti, call to talk about ‘quitting litter-bug habits’.

Ketut: It’s ten to three and it’s time for our special segment today, ‘Beautiful World’. Hello,
everybody, I’m Ketut Sutiono. I’ll be your host for the next 15 minutes.
Now, we have two senior high school students, Sarah and Tuti, on the line, ready to
discuss our topic of the day, ‘Quitting litter-bug habits’. Please join our discussion by
sending us an SMS text message. All you have to do is to type “BW space Sarah, S-A-R-
A-H, or BW space Tuti, T-U-T-I”, and send it to 2345. Remember, tomorrow, at the end
of the segment, we will give a cool gift to a lucky listener.
Okay, back to today’s topic, ‘Quitting litter-bug habits’. Listeners, the problem of
littering reflects a lack of responsibility. Although government regulations already
provide for heavy penalties, many people still drop litter in public places, like parks or
streets, and even in rivers. It’s always interesting to know how the youth are concerned
about social problems, like littering.
First on the line is Sarah. Hello. Thank you for being part of our program today.
Please tell us what you think of this bad habit.
Sarah: I am against this bad habit 100%. I personally believe that throwing litter on the ground
is antisocial. Everybody knows that. Unfortunately, many people do it. I think that is
because they don’t care about their environment. I would say that these people are really
selfish. I mean, don’t they realise the effect of throwing litter carelessly?
Ketut: Okay, Sarah, hold on one second. Now the question is: ‘What is your suggestion or
advice for these people?’
Sarah: Well, honestly, I don’t have anything to say to people who don’t care about the
environment. However, I do think the government should set up a social media account
for people to report littering. Many public places have CCTV, so it can also be used for
monitoring.
Ketut: Well, well, well… that’s a very good idea. How about you listeners, do you have any
other suggestions? Send your SMS to 2345. Now we’ll talk to our next caller. Hello,
Tuti. Tuti, sorry to keep you waiting so patiently. Do you have a different opinion about
littering?
Tuti: Honestly, I always feel bad every time I see people throwing litter about carelessly.
Don’t they understand that this bad habit is dangerous? If we step on a banana skin, for
example, we can slip, fall down, and get injured. And the worst thing about throwing
litter about carelessly is that our environment becomes dirty and the air is full of bad
smells. It is terrible.
Ketut: You’re right, Tuti. So, what’s your recommendation to overcome this bad habit?
Tuti: It’s so simple, Ketut. I believe that we need to start at home. Then slowly but surely
everyone will keep their whole neighbourhoods clean.
Ketut: All right. Thank you for your participation, Tuti. Now, dear listeners, do you support
their ideas? Or do you have other ideas of your own? Just send your SMS, as many as
possible. The lucky listener will be announced tomorrow at the same time on this
segment, ‘Beautiful World’. So, don’t miss it, okay? And thank you very much, Sarah
and Tuti. Okay, time’s up. I’m Ketut Sutiono, signing out. Bye!

Chapter 2

1. You will listen to a mother and her teenage daughter discussing several topics. Do they
agree or disagree? Mention your reasons.

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Topic 1 – Keeping the bedroom tidy
The mother says, “My late mother used to tell me, when I was young, to keep my bedroom
tidy. She always said, your bedroom reflected your personality. People can assess what kind of a
person you were from your bedroom.”
The daughter says, “Why should I? If you don’t mind me saying so, we have a maid, who is
employed to clean the house, including my room. Moreover, I don’t have time to do it.”

Topic 2 – Choosing the appropriate dress

The mother says, “As my daughter has become a teenager, she often chooses styles of
clothing that I dislike. Her reason for dressing this way may be due to trends among her peers. I
often say, ‘Sweetie, I really dislike how we always disagree over the way you dress.’”
The daughter says, “Well, in my opinion, my mother is a little bit old-fashioned. As a
teenager, I need to look fashionable and up-to-date. I am a big girl, you know. My mother doesn’t
always have to tell me what’s appropriate and what isn’t.”

Topic 3 – Using a mobile phone

The mother says, “My 16 year-old daughter is obsessed with social media. I think it’s
ridiculous. Even her school grades have suffered as she is always busy texting and browsing on the
Internet instead of studying or doing her homework.”
The daughter says, “I need to communicate with my friends and be aware of what’s going on.
My grades have nothing to do with it.”

Topic 4 – Learning to cook

The mother says, “Learning to cook? Well, what can I say? I am not excellent at cooking
myself, so I don’t force my daughter to learn to cook for the family.”
The daughter says, “I don’t think we always have to cook our meals. There are restaurants
nearby, where we can buy food. These days, we can even have it delivered to our front door.”

2. You will hear a father and his teenage son discussing several topics. Do they agree or
disagree? Mention your reasons.

Topic 1 – Getting up in the morning

The father says, “If you ask me, getting up early in the morning is actually good for our
health. I heard that, based on a survey, people who stay in bed until 9 a.m. are more likely to be
stressed, overweight, and depressed than early risers.”
The son says, “In my opinion, school should start later. It’s not practical for high school
classes to start at 7 a.m. It’s just too early for a teenager’s mind to function properly.”

Topic 2 – Hanging out with friends

The father says, “I always remind him to choose his friends carefully. I tell him to avoid
hanging out with friends who have poor values or inappropriate behaviours that might influence
him in negative ways.”
The son says, “Yes, Dad. I don’t disagree with your advice. I don’t like hanging out with
those who get into trouble, because I might get into trouble myself with them.”

Topic 3 – Playing games too much

The father says, “My 17 year-old son plays video games for four hours a day. It’s OK as long
as his school grades aren’t impacted.”
The son says, “I personally think that playing video games is a great way to wind down after a
long day. I won’t turn out to be a horrible person from playing video games every day.”

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Topic 4 – Going home late at night
The father says, “I don’t agree with the idea of a teenager coming home late. I don’t want my
son to be so tired that he will not be able to perform well at school the next day. No, my son should
be home before 9 p.m.”
The son says, “I don’t understand why my dad won’t let me stay out until late at night. All my
friends are allowed to go out on Saturday evening until late at night.”

6. Listen to and repeat the following sentences.

a. People think Toyota cars are good value for money.
b. I feel that Indonesia should produce its own national cars.
c. I think Japanese products are available in every country in the world.
d. My brother sells, what he calls, “super-economic” T-shirts.
e. Our company will buy only the best quality tea leaves from the tea pickers.
f. According to Gianni Versace, Italian fashions are the most glamorous.

7. Holly Hunter and Ada Quinn are the Public Relations personnel of the Ladybug Café
headquarters. They are discussing customers’ suggestions posted on the Ladybug website.
Listen to their conversation and complete the table.

Holly: Let’s check the website to see if any customers have sent us suggestions.
Ada: Okay. You read them and I’ll write them down in my report book.
Holly: Ready?
Ada: Okay. Here we go.
Holly: The first suggestion comes from Suzie Wong on the 12th of December at 8.47 p.m.
She says: Hi, Ladybug Café. My husband and I travel frequently, and we always go
to a Ladybug Café in each country. I like to bring home a Ladybug mug from each
country we visit, but I don’t want an entire collection of mugs made in China. I like
my made-in-Japan mug that I bought in Japan. If I went to China, I’d buy a mug
made in China. It would be perfect if I could select a Ladybug mug made in the U.S.
when I am in California.
Do you think that this suggestion is really worth taking into consideration?
Ada: In my opinion, it is. But mugs made in the U.S. are more expensive than those made
in China.
Holly: The second message is from Doe_Doe on the 15th of December at 12.08 p.m. She
says that she’s noticed more and more sofas or lounge chairs being replaced by hard
wooden chairs, which feel like a slab of concrete. She thinks that these chairs are
totally not eco-friendly. Moreover, who wants to sit on a slab of concrete? She
recommends that the café replace hard wooden chairs with the cushioned ones.
Ada: Okay, noted. Wooden chairs to be replaced with cushion chairs. Next?
Holly: Ah, this one is an interesting idea from Sun_Tzu. It was posted on the 15th of
December at 7.37 p.m. He says he likes the waiters and waitresses’ good manners
when serving customers. He thinks it would be better and cool to have the waiters’ or
waitresses’ names embroidered on their apron. It would give a professional look
without the sometimes tacky name tags that most catering staff wear.
That’s a wonderful idea. I think the customers don’t want to call, “Hey,
Waiter!” or “Hey, Waitress!” It would be more personal if the customers could
address the waiters and waitresses by their names as embroidered on their aprons.
Ada: Yeah, I think so too. It would feel more personal, wouldn’t it? Okay, what’s next?

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Holly: Wow, this is the best post I’ve ever seen. Posted on the 20th of December at 11:01
a.m. by Jeff Harrison. He says, “Listen, I find that advertising any food product, no
matter how attractive it is, inside a washroom, bathroom, or toilet, is in bad taste. It
would be better for Ladybug to use this type of advertisement placement for social
and environmental issues instead. In my opinion, advertising food, of any kind, in a
washroom, bathroom, or toilet is inappropriate.”
Ada: We should remind the advertising agency to place our ads at more appropriate
places.
Holy: Right. Okay, this is the last post, from Angela Paquin on the 23rd of December at
4.38 p.m. Angela recommends that the Ladybug Café install baby changing stations
in the restrooms.
Ada: Alright, everything is in my report. I’ll type it and show it to the general manager.
We’ll see what can be done about all these suggestions.
Holy: I think we should take these suggestions into consideration to satisfy our Ladybug
customers.

Chapter 3

2. Listen to and repeat the following sentences.

a. We have the pleasure of inviting you to our barbeque party this Saturday.
b. Would you like to come over to my place?
c. Are you doing anything this weekend? How about hiking with me in the countryside?
d. Will you join us for lunch?
e. Would you care to have dinner with us tonight?
f. Thanks for the invitation. I’ll let you know if I can’t make it.
g. We are pleased to accept your invitation for dinner.
h. Thanks. That would be very nice.
i. Thank you. We’d love to.
j. I would like to come, but I have a previous engagement.
k. I really would like to, but I have made an appointment with my boss.

4. Listen to the following dialogues and the questions about them. Choose the best answers
from the following options.

Dialogue 1
Woman : What are you doing next Wednesday?
Man : Let me see my schedule first. … Well, not much. I have nothing special to do next
Wednesday. What’s up?
Woman : Would you like to accompany me to a wedding party?
Man : Yes, I’d like to very much.
Woman : What time should I be ready?
Man : I’ll pick you up at 6.
Woman : Alright. I’ll be ready by then.

Narrator : What will the woman do next Wednesday?

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 Dialogue 2
Woman : Are you doing anything special tomorrow?
Man : No, why?
Woman : Perhaps you would be interested in joining us to go camping.
Man : Sorry, but I’m afraid I don’t like camping.

Narrator : Why did the man refuse the invitation?

Dialogue 3
Man : We have two extra tickets for a ballet performance tomorrow night. Would you and
your husband like to come along with us?
Woman : Yes please, but I’ll need to check with my husband before I tell you for sure.
Man : OK. Let me know as soon as possible.
Woman : Sure I will.

Narrator : Why couldn’t the woman decide immediately?

Dialogue 4
Man : How about coming over to my place this Saturday evening?
Woman : It must be special, right?
Man : Yes, I’m celebrating my graduation. I hope you are able to come. I haven’t seen you
for a long time.
Woman : That would be a pleasure. What time should I be there?
Man : 7 o’clock.
Woman : Good. See you this Saturday.
Man : Yeah. See you soon and thank you.

Narrator : What is the dialogue about?

Dialogue 5
Man : We’re starting a tennis club. Would you like to join us?
Woman : Actually, I’m interested in tennis. But I’m just a beginner.
Man : No problem with that. We’re just playing and practicing, not trying to win a trophy.
Come on. It won’t be fun without you.
Woman : Alright, alright. So what are the practice days?
Man : Tuesday and Friday.

Narrator : What is the woman’s decision?

5. Listen to several dialogues and questions spoken in English, each followed by four
responses, also spoken in English. They will not be printed in your book. You have to
choose the best response to each question.

Number 1
Man : Let’s join the study club to improve our English.

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Woman : . . .
Narrator : What is the best response to the man’s statement?

A. I think you shouldn’t.

B. I agree with you.
C. Maybe you should.
D. Thank you, but unfortunately I’ve joined another.

Number 2
Woman : We’re gathering at the Peacock Café to discuss our study tour plan. Come and join
us.
Man :...
Narrator : What is the best response to the woman’s statement?

A. That sounds great. When is it?

B. I’d like to invite you to my party.
C. I wonder if you are free in the evening.
D. What should I do then?

Number 3
Man : Here we are. This is my new house. Come in and sit down, please.
Woman : . . .
Narrator : What is the best response to the man’s statement?

A. That sounds nice.

B. What’s the occasion?
C. I’ll let you know soon.
D. Thank you very much.

Number 4
Woman : Let’s go to the canteen and get something to eat. I haven’t eaten since morning.
Man :...
Narrator : What is the best response to the woman’s statement?

A. Who’s going to pay for the food?

B. Do you mean I can eat what I like?
C. Thank you but I’ve just had my lunch.
D. Thank you. I’ll make sure I’ll be there.

Number 5
Man : I have moved to my new office at Sudirman Tower. Why don’t you drop into my
office if you happen to pass by Sudirman Street?
Woman : . . .
Narrator : What is the best response to the man’s statement?

A. It’s really interesting, isn’t it?

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 B. OK. I promise to stop by.
C. I’m not sure. I am very busy this week.
D. Sure. I’ll let you know as soon as possible.

Chapter 4

Share Your Experience

2. Listen to the following book reviews. Which books are the speakers talking about?

Review 1
English grammar is enough to give anyone a headache. There are so many complex rules and
exceptions governing the usage of language, that it is common for students to feel confused. Many
English learners have trouble distinguishing between adjectives and adverbs, simple past and
present perfect tenses, and gerunds and infinitives. Therefore, a simple but comprehensive guide has
been created to help you overcome these difficulties.

Review 2
Are you planning on applying for a scholarship to a university abroad? If so, you’ll need to take a
TOEFL iBT test. I highly recommend this book. It comes with 6 practice tests with detailed
explanations of the answers for the listening and reading parts, as well as model answers for the
writing tasks. The tips and strategies in this book will help you achieve your desired score. You can
even practice with a computer-based test that is included in the CD.

Review 3
It is a series of English language learning programs for primary school students to develop their
ability to communicate verbally within the context relevant to their daily lives. Students will
experience the language through games, songs, chants, colouring, role-playing, listening to stories,
doing art projects, telling stories, and craft exhibitions. It has a feature utilising the Internet and
requiring the use of a smartphone or tablet. By accessing this feature, students are encouraged to
practise the target language using technology.

Review 4
Whether applying for a job or a scholarship, you’ll likely need a TOEFL ITP score, as English
proficiency is in high demand these days. This book is highly recommended for you to practise on,
as it is the official ETS guide, the trademark holder of TOEFL. You can practise using the book in
your spare time and get the score you need to fulfil your requirements.

Review 5
This book helps high school students prepare for their final English examination. It allows them to
practise with final exam-type questions. It includes audio files for the listening tests, in the form of
QR codes. These codes are printed on the pages of the book and can be scanned in order to access
the audio files.

8
1. Listen to the recording and put a tick next to the correct items. If you can’t find the items,
write them down.

Why do people read books? There are several reasons. Firstly, by reading you will gain new
knowledge, new information, and new solutions to solve problems. Secondly, before you take an
action, you need help and guidance. Reading is an essential way of helping you to decide what to
cook, where you would plan a holiday, or what gadgets you want to buy. Thirdly, reading can
improve your interpersonal relationships. Imagine not being able to contribute to a conversation
because you don’t know anything about what your friend is talking about. By reading books, we can
update our knowledge about certain topics in politics, science and technology, even arts, films,
music, and hobbies, and share this knowledge with friends and colleagues. Last but not least,
reading exposes you to the world of imagination and creativity. By reading, you are exploring
different perspectives, how a different action will lead to a different result. This way, you won’t
judge something simply from your own point of view. Now that you know the importance of
reading, are you ready to pick up a book?

2. Listen to the following advertisements. What are the speakers trying to sell? Number the
items.

Advertisement 1
St. Ives formula draws inspiration from nature. The shampoo and conditioner contain natural
botanical extracts with selected ingredients. These extracts give your hair a healthy shine and
manageability. St. Ives shampoo and conditioner contain Aloe Vera to moisturise dry hair, jojoba to
promote healthy hair, as well as sunflower and vitamin E to strengthen and protect your hair. Both
products have been tested in the world’s leading beauty laboratories.

Advertisement 2
Dr. Laurence LeWinn, a famous “Surgeon to the Stars”, is proud to introduce you to his secret anti-
wrinkle formula. It contains anti-oxidants and free radical inhibitors. Moreover, it will give you a
smoother, softer skin. Call now at 0800-333-0-333.

Advertisement 3
When you come to Hong Kong, stay at the Kimberley Hotel. We boast of our strategic location. We
excel in our fine dining outlets and comfortable rooms. We take pride in the personal touch of our
friendly staff. We are truly committed to the ultimate in hotel hospitality. Make your reservation
now.

Advertisement 4
Mobile-minded travellers, your trip won’t be complete without the latest Canon Legria HF S10. A
very stylish camcorder, it certainly does not disappoint in the video and audio recording department.
It captures colours with complete accuracy. Needing to capture video in not so-well-lit areas? Don’t
worry; Legria is your answer to this challenge, which cannot be said for most other digital
camcorders. Legria has eight scenic modes, such as daylight, shade, cloudy, and five image effects.
With so many options, you’ll enjoy taking videos during memorable events.

4. Listen to the dialogue. Then choose the best options A, B, C, or D.

Son : Dad, do you have some time for me?
Father : Yes. What’s up?
Son : May I talk to you for a while?
Father : Sure, go ahead. What is it about?
Son : Dad, I was wondering if you could, maybe, get me a car. Nothing fancy, a second-hand one
will do.

9
Father : Why should I? Give me at least 3 good reasons.
Son : Alright. First, I’m twenty-one now. According to the traffic regulations, I’m at a legal age
where I can get a driving license.
Father : Okay. Go on.
Son : Secondly, my campus is far from home. I have to take a two-hour ride on public transport
to get there. That’s not even accounting for traffic jams. The traffic is unpredictable, since
there are often accidents on the way, and other delays. And buses don’t always come on
time. Moreover, they often make long stops to wait for more passengers. Sometimes I
arrive late because of that. If I drive my own car, I won’t need to worry about getting to the
campus late.
Father : Okay, those are quite sound arguments you make there. But why don’t you just ride a
motorcycle? It’s more practical, isn’t it? You can slip through the traffic better on a
motorcycle.
Son : Well, there’s the third reason. You could buy me a motor cycle, but riding a motorcycle
isn’t always very comfortable. If I ride on a rainy day, I can catch a cold, a cough, or the
flu.
Father : You have good reasons, but I will have to talk to your mother about it first and see if it’s
sensible to purchase another car now.
Son : Okay, dad.

Question 1. What is the dialogue about?

Question 2. Which reason doesn’t the son mention in the dialogue?
Question 3. What will probably not happen if the son has a car?
Question 4. Do you think that his father will buy him a car? Provide your reasons.

17. Listen to the essay. In pairs, fill in the table with the information from the essay.

Do you often study together with your friends? Or do you perhaps prefer studying by yourself at
home? According to some education observers, studying in a group is beneficial for us. There are
three reasons for this. First, in a study group you can discuss with others. If you don’t understand
the lesson, you can discuss it with your friends who understand better than you. In this way, you can
solve the problem together. Secondly, a study group creates good interaction with other students.
You can learn how to get along well with others. This will get you a lot of friends. Last but not
least, by studying in a group, students will not feel bored, because they can share stories and
learning experiences with each other. This can be fun for students. That’s why studying in a group
is more enjoyable and useful than studying alone.

Chapter 5

1. Listen to a dialogue between a mother and her son about ‘From Tea Plants to a Cup of
Tea’, and complete the text.

Boy : How about a nice cup of tea? Mum.

Woman : Oh, that’s a good idea, sipping tea and eating biscuits.
Boy : By the way, I just wonder how tea goes from plants to a cup.
Woman : Do you really want to know?
Boy : Yes, mum.
Woman : OK, listen to me. First, tea plants are grown in tea plantations in hilly, cool areas.
Boy : I see. That’s why we can see many tea plants in such areas.
Woman : You’re right. Next, the tea leaves are picked and dried under the sun for about a day until
they are almost dry.

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Boy : How do they pick the tea leaves?
Woman : Many people work as tea-leaf pickers.
Boy : It must be very interesting.
Woman : Yes, it is. After that, good quality leaves are selected and sliced finely using a cutting-
machine. They are then dried once again. Next, the leaves are put into teabags, and then
packaged into boxes. Later, the tea packages are delivered to stores, supermarkets, and
perhaps shops near our home.
Boy : Wow, that’s quite a long process.
Woman : You’re right. You know what? For many years, Indonesia has been a major producer of
tea for its own people and for the international trade.
Boy : That’s great. So it means that Indonesian tea is exported to international markets?
Woman : Yes. Indeed.
Boy : But still I wonder about all the people who have worked together to produce the tea and
bring it to us.

5. Now listen to the recording to check your sentences.

Have you ever thought how many trees are cut down every day to make paper? Don’t you realise,
millions of trees are destroyed for something we take for granted every day? By the way, do you
know about wood chipping? Well, let me tell you. Wood chipping is a process used to make pulp
and paper products from forest trees.
First of all, the tops and branches of the trees are cut off and then the logs are taken to the
mill. At the mill, the bark is removed from the logs and then the logs are taken to a chipper that cuts
them into small pieces called woodchips. The woodchips are then screened to remove dirt and other
impurities. At this stage they are either exported in this form or converted into pulp by chemicals
and heat. The pulp is then bleached and the water content is removed. Finally, the pulp is rolled out
to make paper.

6. Listen and repeat. Pay attention to your pronunciation and intonation.

a. Are tea trees only grown in cool areas?
b. What happens after the tea leaves are picked?
c. How long are the leaves dried under the sun?
d. How many trees are cut down every day to make paper?
e. The tea is put into teabags and boxes.
f. The tea is delivered to stores, supermarkets, and perhaps to a shop near your home.
g. The tea is also exported to international markets.

Chapter 6

1. You will hear Samy reading an e-mail from his father. Fill in the blanks.
My dear son,

I was very busy yesterday. I only saw your e-mail this morning. Are you sure you want to work
with children after finishing your master’s degree? Last month, you wanted to be a businessman.
Two weeks ago, you wanted to be a volunteer. Last week, you wanted to be a famous designer.
I suggest you read ‘Seven Choices for Success and Significance’, written by Dr Nido R.
Qubein. He is the author of many best-selling books and one of the most sought-after speakers in
the United States. Besides, he is also the Chairman of Great Harvest Bread and the President of
High Point University in High Point, North Carolina. I hope that how he got to where he is today
will inspire you.
I’ll be home next Saturday, so we can talk about this further then.

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Love,

Dad

Chapter 7

3. In pairs, listen to five monologues and then select the topics that the speakers are talking
about.

Monologue 1
Sweating provides a cooling effect due to the evaporation of water from the surface of the skin.
That’s why in hot weather, or when our muscles warm up due to exertion, we sweat more.

Monologue 2
A rainbow occurs because light is refracted by water droplets in the atmosphere. Rainbows can
be caused by various forms of water in the air, such as rain, mist, spray, and airborne dew.

Monologue 3
Heavy snowfall can paralyse transportation, causing activities to slow down even in areas that
are hit regularly by it. It can also shut down electricity, gas supplies, and telephone lines. Also,
roads can be much more difficult to travel along because of the snow. If one insists on traveling
despite the weather, snow can trap your vehicle. Snowfall can decrease the electricity
generated by solar panels.

Monologue 4
Today, many young children have started using mobile phones. Because of this, some experts
fear that children today will lack social interaction skills. As these children become more
familiar with texting rather than direct interactions, there is a risk of the absence of verbal tone
in texts. Fights can occur due to misunderstandings that stem from toneless texts that fail to
convey the speakers’ emotions.

Monologue 5
People communicate with each other because they need to maintain relationships, to share and
receive information, and to persuade one another of their ideas. Communication can be done
verbally, through spoken words or written texts, or non-verbally through gestures and facial
expressions.

4. Listen to five more monologues and guess the topics by matching them with the pictures
provided.

Monologue 1
This phenomenon is the pigmentation of hair follicles due to two types of melanin: eumelanin
and pheomelanin. A person’s hair color can change over time because of varying melanin
levels, so it is possible to have more than one color hair during your life.

Monologue 2
This type of pain occurs in the head or neck. It can be a symptom of other conditions. The brain
tissue itself does not feel pain because it lacks pain receptors. Rather, the pain is due to
disruption in the nearby tissues surrounding the brain, which do have pain receptors.

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 Monologue 3
This ceremony joins two people in matrimony or a similar institution. The types of ceremonies
can be very diverse since traditions and customs may differ greatly between social classes,
religions, ethnic groups, cultures, and countries or even regions.

Monologue 4
It is an act to gain an advantage in something or to achieve a goal by breaking a rule or law in a
competitive situation. It should not be done or tolerated because it is against the values of
fairness and honesty.

Monologue 5
Human beings use this to communicate with each other. It can be spoken or written and verbal
or non-verbal. It varies between countries and regions, although many countries and regions use
the same one despite being separated by great geographical distances. Due to its importance, it
has sparked endless studies and will continue to be researched.

6. a. Listen to Bayu and Rahayu discuss “why the body reacts to heat”, then complete the
blank spaces.

Bayu : Good morning, Rahayu. How are you doing?

Rahayu : Hello, Bayu. I’m fine. By the way, can you help me?
Bayu : Sure. What can I do for you?
Rahayu : I’m looking for some information about heatstroke.
Bayu : Well, if I’m not mistaken, it’s a sudden and uncontrolled rise in body
temperature.
Rahayu : How does that happen?
Bayu : It happens when the human body is exposed to extreme heat. That’s why athletes and
people who have to work outdoors are susceptible to heatstroke. So heatstroke is caused
by extreme heat. Do you need more information?
Rahayu : I want to know more about the process of heatstroke. How does it occur?
Bayu : I’m not very sure. Why don’t we go to the school library and find out more?
Rahayu : But we might not get a seat in the library because it’s very crowded these days.
Bayu : Okay, then. Let’s browse on the internet on our phones.
Rahayu : May we use yours? I can’t browse the internet because I haven’t bought a mobile data
package.

9. Listen to the recording. Practise the dialogue with your friend, using the correct
intonations.
Girl : It’s very cold. Poke the fire to make it hotter, please!
Boy : Okay. It’s a cold and wet day. Do you realize how much coal must be burned to heat
peoples’ houses in winter?
Girl : It must be a lot.
Boy : It definitely is. Not long ago, people mostly used wood to make fires. It was perhaps the
most common fuel throughout the world. These days, most people don’t use wood to burn
a fire anymore.
Girl : Could that be because we don’t have much wood anymore due to deforestation?
Boy : I think so, but it’s also because more practical sources of fuel have been discovered.
Girl : Practical? How?
Boy : Well, first of all, it’s hard to find wood these days. It’s also impractical because it’s hard to
carry around. It also takes time to light a fire using wood.
Girl : What about kerosene and LPG?

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Boy : Although kerosene is still widely used around the world, the majority of people have
turned to LPG. I think LPG is much more practical, because it lasts longer, the fire can be
controlled better, and it’s easier to ignite. These days, there are small, portable gas stoves
that you can carry around, for example during camping trips like this. Using a kerosene
stove when camping would be very impractical.

Chapter 8

1. Listen and repeat.

disturbance landslides
explosions meteorites
displaces earthquakes
eruptions wave
spontaneous extraterrestrial
tsunami severity

2. Listen to the following short speech about the causes of tsunamis, and then fill in the blank
spaces.

The word tsunami has now become familiar to even a child over a short span of time, due
to its severity. But what does tsunami mean and how is it caused?
A tsunami is a wave train, or series of waves, generated in a body of water by a
spontaneous disturbance that vertically displaces the water column. Tsunamis can be
caused by earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, explosions, and even the impact of
extraterrestrial materials, such as meteorites.

3. Listen to a dialogue between a scientist and a reporter about the term tsunami. Identify
the correct answers to complete the following statements.
Reporter : Good morning, Professor.
Professor : Good morning.
Reporter : Today we’ll be talking about tsunamis. Within the last two decades, the world has
witnessed several devastating tsunamis. Is it true that the word tsunami is a Japanese
word?
Professor : You’re right. It is a Japanese word meaning “harbour wave”. You know, in the past,
tsunamis have also been referred to as “tidal waves” or “seismic sea waves”.
Actually, the term “tidal wave” is misleading.
Reporter : Misleading? How so?
Professor : Actually, tsunamis are unrelated to the tides, although their impact upon coastlines
depends on the tidal level at the time the tsunami strikes.
Reporter : I see. Is it true that tides result from the gravitational influences of the Moon, Sun,
and planets?
Professor : Exactly. Even the term “seismic sea waves” is also misleading. “Seismic” implies an
earthquake-related generation mechanism, but a tsunami can also be caused by a
non-seismic event, such as a landslide or meteorite impact.

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 Reporter : Thank you very much for sharing your knowledge with us, Professor. We will meet
again tomorrow in the same program, Finding the Truth.

4. Listen to a short speech, and then re-order the jumbled sentences to form a coherent
paragraph.

Would you like to know how tsunamis occur? Tsunamis are generally generated by underwater
earthquakes. However, landslides, volcanic eruptions, and meteorite impacts can also cause
tsunamis. An earthquake can trigger a tsunami if it makes significant vertical deformation of the
seafloor, thereby releasing energy into the water body that causes waves of increasing height as
they travel towards the shore. We cannot predict when such earthquakes might occur. Thus, we
have no idea when a tsunami will happen. However, computer models can be used to predict the
height of waves generated by a tsunami and their arrival time to the shore once a large underwater
earthquake has been recorded.

5. Work in a group of four. Listen to the news about natural disasters. What is the reporter
talking about?

a. On 26 December 2004, a ten-year-old British schoolgirl recognised the signs of a tsunami

when on holiday at a beach in Phuket. The sign was that the water along the beach began to
retreat. This particular tsunami was caused by an earthquake that measured at least 9.3 in
intensity on the Richter scale. The earthquake took place just east of the Sunda Trench in the
Indian Ocean off the west coast of Aceh. This trench, which is extremely deep, stretches
about two thousand six hundred kilometres along the west coast of Sumatra, Indonesia. The
energy generated by the earthquake created a tsunami that travelled outwards in all
directions across the Indian Ocean.

b. Mount Merapi showed increased activity on Thursday as it emitted volcanic gas, rumbled,
generated minor earthquakes, and spewed ash and stones. The flurry of seismic activity was
caused by the release of volcanic gas from the magma chamber within Mt Merapi. The
phenomenon could have been triggered by Monday’s deep earthquake that occurred around
4 kilometres below Mt Merapi and which might have caused the magma inside the volcano
to shift.

c. A landslide hit eight residents working on farmland in Karanganyar regency, Central Java,
on Tuesday afternoon, killing one and leaving two others missing. The residents were
harvesting rice when the landslide in Tegalsari hamlet, Buluhrejo village, occurred at 5 p.m.
The Karanganyar Disaster Mitigation Agency chief, Nugroho, called on residents to be alert,
saying land in the area was unstable. He stated that the landslide might have been caused by
heavy rain that had saturated the area on the previous day.

d. People in many parts of the United States have had the chance to learn a lot about snow this
winter. Earlier, in December, there were several big rain and snow storms. At one point,
snow fell across wide parts of the country and in many states. Just what is snow, anyway?
Snow is a form of frozen water. It contains groups of ice particles called snow crystals.
These crystals grow from water droplets in cold clouds. They usually grow around dust
particles. Groups of frozen water droplets are called snow pellets. Under some conditions,
these particles may grow larger and form solid pieces of ice, known as hail. Hail can be very
dangerous when it falls on people, animals and property.

15
 e. Today, almost 3 million people visit Zion National Park, in Utah, in the United States, each
year. Walking is the best way to explore Zion. The park offers visitors many different trails.
Some visitors favour the lower parts of Zion National Park. However, hikes near the canyon
floor can be particularly dangerous. The great amount of rock in the area does not absorb
water. As a result, sudden floods, called “flash floods,” are a serious threat.

6. Two of the most devastating earthquakes to have occurred recently were the 2004 Indian
Ocean earthquake and the 2010 Haiti earthquake. Listen to a recording about the 2004
Indian Ocean earthquake and read the following text about the 2010 Haiti earthquake.
Compare the two earthquakes by filling in the table.

26 December 2014 marked the 10th anniversary of an extremely powerful and deadly earthquake
in the eastern Indian Ocean. It was the third most powerful quake since earthquake recording
began. The magnitude 9.3 quake was so powerful that it caused the Earth’s axis to move by a
few centimetres.
The earthquake caused a devastating tsunami so big that it destroyed entire coastal
communities. This deadly tsunami killed about 220,000 people, one-third of them children. The
disaster left nearly 5 million people homeless. The disaster affected at least 12 countries
bordering the Indian Ocean. The province of Aceh, in Indonesia, was the hardest hit by the
tsunami, with more than 160,000 dead. Thousands more were killed in Thailand and Sri Lanka.
The tsunami waves travelled as far as the east coast of Africa.

Chapter 9

2. Listen to the following monologues. Number the pictures according to the monologues.

Monologue 1
Raisa Andriana is an Indonesian singer and songwriter. She gained early success with her song
“Serba Salah” from her debut album in 2011. In 2015, she was selected by Walt Disney Pictures
to sing the Indonesian version of the song “A Dream Is a Wish Your Heart Makes” for a remake
of Disney’s Cinderella.

Monologue 2
This great classical composer lived in the 18th century. He was born in Salzburg, Austria. His
work has influenced other great composers, including Beethoven, who was his junior by fifteen
years.

Monologue 3
Anggun Cipta Sasmi is an Indonesian-born, French-naturalised singer and songwriter. She
released her first album in 1986 at the age of twelve, but fame didn’t come until the release of a
single, “Mimpi”, in 1989. To further her career in music, she moved to Europe. Her big break
came with the album, “Snow on the Sahara,” her first international album.

Monologue 4
Kenny G. is an American jazz saxophonist. He is one of the biggest-selling instrumental
musicians in the world. His breakthrough success came with his fourth album in 1986,
Duotones.

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Monologue 5
Edward Christopher Sheeran is an English singer and songwriter. He has won two Grammy
awards for his single, “Thinking Out Loud.” He learned to play the guitar at a very young age
and started writing songs in high school. Aside from making music, he is also involved in
charity. He frequently donates clothing to charity shops in his hometown, Suffolk.

Monologue 6
Rayi Putra Rahardjo is an Indonesian singer and a member of the trio RAN. In 2015, he
collaborated with singer Isyana Sarasvati to release the single, “Kau Adalah.” Aside from
music, he has also tried his hand at acting.

Monologue 7
Adam Levine is an American singer and songwriter and lead vocalist of the pop rock band
Maroon 5. With Maroon 5, he has received three Grammy awards. Since 2011 he has also
coached for an American reality talent show, The Voice.

Monologue 8
The English singer and songwriter is known by the mononym Adele. She debuted in 2008 with
an album that became a critical and commercial success. Since then, she has won many awards,
including fifteen Grammy awards with nine of her songs. Currently, she is one of the best-
selling recording artists in the world.

Monologue 9
Ellie Goulding is an English pop singer and songwriter. She is best known for her single, “Love
Me Like You Do”, which earned her a Grammy nomination for Best Solo Pop Performance in
2015. The mid-tempo, electro-pop ballad was a global success and became number one on
charts in many countries.

Monologue 10
This great German classical composer was born in 1770. Until today, he is one of the most
influential composers in classical music. Some of his most well-known compositions are the
“Moonlight” piano sonata and the piano solo “Für Elise.” He was still composing many works
when he started to lose his hearing and became almost deaf.

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