ACCIDENT CAUSATION PREVENTION

Title : A Study on Causes of Accident and Prevention in Malaysian Construction Industry

Author : A.S. Ali, S.N. Kamaruzzaman, G.C. Sing

Ranked Ranked
1. Human factor 1. Personal protective equipment
2. Poor site management 2. Tool inspection
3. Failure to use PPE 3. Safety and health rules,
4. Unsafe equipment regulations and policy
5. Poor quality control system 4. Housekeeping
6. Lack of commitment 5. First aid training, equipment,
7. Lack of education and procedures
8. Commercial pressure 6. Incident investigation
9. Working without authority 7. Emergency procedures
10. Missing platform guardrails 8. Construction safety meeting
11. Restricted training 9. Safety bulletin board
12. Work overload 10. Fire prevention/ fire
13. Financial restrictions extinguisher
14. Group attitudes
15. Failure to warn others of
danger
16. Society attitudes to risk-taking
17. Inadequate fire warning system
18. Industry tradition
19. Poor illumination
20. Excessive noise

Title : Accident Causal Factors on the Building Construction Sites: A Review

Author : Opeyemi Samuel Williams, Razali Adul Hamid, Mohd Saidin Misnan

1. Lack of Personal Protective

Equipment (PPE)
2. Defective/ poor/ unsafe
equipment
3. Lack of training
4. Poor safety consciousness of
workers/ managers
5. Unsafe method of handling
materials/ equipment/
operations
6. Lack of experienced project
managers/ skilled workers
7. Fatigue by workers because of
overwork
8. Unsafe conditions of workplace
9. Reluctance to invest/ lack of
concern for safety by
management
10. Ineffective operation/ lack of
compliance to safety regulation
11. Insufficient/ lack/
housekeeping program
Title : Accident Risk Identification and Its Impact Analysis for Strategic Construction Safety Management
Author : Seokcho CHI, Sangwon HAN, Daeyoung KIM, Yoonjung SHIN
1. Falls from an elevation
2. Struck-by
3. Caught in/ or between
4. Electrical shock
5. Struck-against
6. Inhalation
7. CARD-VASC/ Respiratory
failure
8. Falls at the same level
Title : Causes of Accidents at Construction Sites
Author : Abdul Rahim Abdul Hamid, Muhd Zaimi Abd Majid, Bachan Singh
Ranked
1. Falls
2. Stepping on objects
 Flying object action
 Overhead moving/ falling
object
 Work surface/ Facility layout
condition
 Weather, Earthquake, etc.
 Malfunction in securing/
warning op
 Safety devices removed/
inoper.
 Insuff/ Lack/ Protective work/
equipment
 Shear point action
 Flying object action
 Materials handling equipment/
method
 Illumination
 Misjudgment, hazard situation
 Safety devices removed/
inoper.
 Pinch point action
 Catch point/ puncture action
 Shear point action
 Materials handling equipment/
method
 Work surface/ Facility layout
condition
 Distracting actions by others
 Insuff/ Lack/ Engineering
controls
 Temperature +/- tolerance level
 Catch point/ puncture action
 Shear point action
 Safety devices removed/
inoper.
 Insuff/ Lack/ Protective work/
equipment
 Gas/ Vapor/ Mist/ Fume/
Smoke/ Dust
 Malfunction in securing/
warning op
 Pinch point action
 Overhead moving/ falling
object
Ranked
1. Unsafe Method
 Incorrect procedure
3. Struck by falling objects
4. Exposed to/ contact
with electric current
5. Over-exertion or
strenuous movement
6. Caught in between
objects
7. Exposed to/ contact
with harmful materials
8. Exposed to/ contact
with extreme
temperatures
9. Others
 Knowledge level
 Fail to obey work
procedure
2. Human Element
 Negligence
 Body effort
 Experience
 Personal Protective
Equipment (PPE)
3. Unsafe Equipment
 Equipment without safety
devices
 Equipment failure
 Equipment not ergonomic
4. Unique Nature Industry
 Incorrect procedure
 Knowledge level
 Fail to obey work
procedure
5. Management
 No education provided to
the workers
 Poor inspection program
 Insensitive to the current
situation at site
 No motivation program
 No warning system
 Non-compliance with
safety regulation
 Poor company safety
policies
 Consider safety as
unimportant element
6. Jobsite Condition
 Poor site management
 Excessive noise
 Poor illumination
 Poor ventilation

Title : Construction Safety Management and Accident Control Measures

Author : Dheeraj Benny, D. Jalshree

1. Accidents from  Improper erection 1. Control Measures

scaffolding
 Falls from elevation
 Struck with falling
objects or debris
 Electricity
 Electrical works are usually
elevated
 Rigid and strong scaffolds must
be ensured and it should
withstand its own weight and
four times the maximum
estimated load without any
sway or settlement.
 Scaffolds should not be
supported on concrete blocks,
bricks or any unstable
substances
 Safety belts and nets should be
used for works from heights
  Erection, movement and
dismantling of scaffolds must
be done only under the
supervision of a qualified
person
 A minimum distance of 10 feet
must be maintained from
electric power lines to prevent
electrocution
 In regular intervals the
scaffolds must be inspected by
a competent person

2. Slip, Trip, and Falls  Walking surface  Waste materials should be

 Body balance disposed immediately from the
site
 Working floor must be
maintained clean and dry
 Spillage on site should be
cleaned immediately
 The walkway on the site must
be maintained without any
materials or obstacles
 Debris, concrete, broken blocks
or any other obstacle must be
cleared off from the site
 Safety shoes or traction
footwear must be used in the
construction site
 Cables or littering binding wires
must be kept at proper allotted
places in the construction site.

3. Crane Accidents  Overused without considering  It should be ensured that the

(Crane collapse) the specification load on the crane is not higher
 Improper assembling of the than the maximum carrying
crane capacity of the crane
 Improper inspection of the  Chains, wire ropes, and hooks
crane must be regularly inspected by
 Presence of unskilled crane competent people
operator  The load should never be
moved over a work
 Before using a crane all the
controls of the crane must be
inspected and ensured to be
perfect for proper operation of
the crane
 Overhead electrical
transmission wires must be
watched to prevent contact of
crane with the wires
 The crane should never be
operated by an unskilled
operator and a well efficient
person should only operate a

4. Ladder Accidents  Ladder placed on unstable
 Ladder falls object
 Fall from a height  Worker climbs the ladder with
his tool in the other hand
ACCIDENT IN CONSTRUCTION
crane. This must be ensured by
the management
 All riggings must be fully
checked before using the crane
 Assembling of the crane must
be done under supervision of
professionals.
 The correct ladder must be
used for the particular work
 Defective of damaged ladder
should be marked or tagged
and must be kept away from
the workers in the site
 A ladder should never be
loaded more than its load
carrying capacity
 Metallic ladders must be
avoided for doing electrical
works
 Length of the ladder must be
ensured to longer than the
climbing height