Universitatea Tehnică de Construcţii Bucureşti

Facultatea de Geodezie

Verificarea stabilitatii unei retele de urmarire in timp

a terenurilor si constructiilor
(N=22)

Toader George-Cristian
Anul 4, MTC, Grupa 1

An universitar
2018-2019
 Partea 1- Retea altimetrica

In reteaua de urmarire a comportarii constructiilor din schita urmatoare au fost efectuate masuratori de
nivelment in 2etape.

Se dau:

 Cota reperului RN1 care sa fixeze datele geodezice de referinta ale retelei (nu este punct de cota fixa):
= 104.4000 m
 Diferentele de nivel masurate in cele 2 etape de masuratori:

Etapa 0 Etapa 1
De la la Nr. Nr.
Nivelee Nivelee
RN1 RN2 0.9305 3 0.9303 2
RN2 RN3 -1.4003 4 -1.3989 5
RN3 RN4 2.4653 7 2.4645 5
RN1 RN4 1.9963 6 1.9961 7
RN5 RN1 -0.2038 2 -0.1996 4
RN2 RN5 -0.7271 3 -0.7305 2
RN5 RN3 -0.6724 3 -0.668 3
RN4 RN5 -1.7935 5 -1.7962 4

Sa se verifice stabilitatea punctelor retelei intre cele 2 etape

 Etape de calcul:
Etapa 0
1) Calculul cotelor provizorii:

Hj`=Hi`+δh'ij

Varianta Varianta Varianta H mediu

Punct 1 2 3 (m)
RN2 105.3305 105.3299 105.3313 105.3306
RN3 103.9302 103.9314 103.931 103.9309
RN4 106.3955 106.3963 106.3967 106.3962
RN5 104.6038 104.6028 104.602 104.6029

2) Formarea sistemului de ecuatii liniare:

-forma generala a ecuatiilor de corectie: vij=-xi+xj+lij;pij

-calculul termenilor liberi pentru ecuatiile de corectii: lij=(Hj`-Hi`)-δhij

-calculul ponderilor ecuatiilor de corectii: pij = 1/n , functie de n= numarul de nivelee.

Ecuatie De la la XRN1 XRN2 XRN3 XRN4 XRN5 l (m) P

1 RN1 RN2 -1 1 0 0 0 0.00007 0.3333
2 RN2 RN3 0 -1 1 0 0 0.00060 0.2500
3 RN3 RN4 0 0 -1 1 0 0.00000 0.1429
4 RN1 RN4 -1 0 0 1 0 -0.00013 0.1667
5 RN5 RN1 1 0 0 -1 0.00093 0.5000
6 RN2 RN5 0 -1 0 0 1 -0.00060 0.3333
7 RN5 RN3 0 0 1 0 -1 0.00040 0.3333
8 RN4 RN5 0 0 0 -1 1 0.00020 0.2000
9 FICTIV 1 1 1 1 1 0 28.2440

-1 1 0 0 0
0 -1 1 0 0
0 0 -1 1 0
A= -1 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 0 -1
0 -1 0 0 1
0 0 1 0 -1
0 0 0 -1 1
1 1 1 1 1
 0.3333 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0.2500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0.1429 0 0 0 0 0 0
P= 0 0 0 0.1667 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.5000 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0.3333 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3333 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2000 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28.2440

0.00007
0.00060
0.00000
l= -0.00013
0.00093
-0.00060
0.00040
0.00020
0.00000

3) Normalizarea sistemului de ecuatii liniare:

N=ATPA

-0.333 0.000 0.000 -0.167 0.500 0.000 0.000 0.000 28.244

0.333 -0.250 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.333 0.000 0.000 28.244
ATP= 0.000 0.250 -0.143 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.333 0.000 28.244
0.000 0.000 0.143 0.167 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.200 28.244
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.500 0.333 -0.333 0.200 28.244

29.2440 27.9107 28.2440 28.0774 27.7440

27.9107 29.1607 27.9940 28.2440 27.9107
N= 28.2440 27.9940 28.9702 28.1012 27.9107
28.0774 28.2440 28.1012 28.7536 28.0440
27.7440 27.9107 27.9107 28.0440 29.6107

4) Compensarea retelei ca o retea libera:

4.1. Inversarea matricii normale:

0.7223 -0.0628 -0.3608 -0.2670 -0.0245

-0.0628 0.7808 -0.1409 -0.4857 -0.0843
= -0.3608 -0.1409 0.9356 -0.2986 -0.1282
-0.2670 -0.4857 -0.2986 1.3030 -0.2446
 -0.0245 -0.0843 -0.1282 -0.2446 0.4888

4.2. Calculul parametrilor:

X =- N-1ATPL

0.2617 0.0745 -0.0134 0.1649 -0.3734 -0.0128 0.1121 -0.0485

-0.2812 0.2304 0.0493 0.0705 -0.0107 0.2884 0.0188 -0.0803
- N-1ATP = -0.0733 -0.2691 0.1763 -0.0104 0.1163 -0.0042 -0.3546 -0.0341
0.0729 -0.0468 -0.2288 -0.2617 0.0112 -0.0803 0.0180 0.3095
0.0199 0.0110 0.0166 0.0367 0.2566 -0.1910 0.2057 -0.1467

-0.00027
-0.00008
X= -0.00020
0.00014
0.00041

4.3. Calculul corectiilor valorilor masurate

V=AX+l

0.00025
0.00048
0.00034
0.00027
V= 0.00026
(m) -0.00011
-0.00021
0.00047
0.00000

0.251
0.479
0.342
0.272
V= 0.258
(mm) -0.108
-0.213
0.471
0.000

Hi= +xi
δhij= δh’ij+vij
 COTE COMPENSATE
Punct H (m)
HRN1 104.3997
HRN2 105.3305
HRN3 103.9307
HRN4 106.3963
HRN5 104.6033

Cresteri de coordonate compensate

De la la δh (m) Control
RN1 RN2 0.9308 0.9308
RN2 RN3 -1.3998 -1.3998
RN3 RN4 2.4656 2.4656
RN1 RN4 1.9966 1.9966
RN5 RN1 -0.2035 -0.2035
RN2 RN5 -0.7272 -0.7272
RN5 RN3 -0.6726 -0.6726
RN4 RN5 -1.7930 -1.7930

4.4. Estimarea preciziilor:

a) Abaterea standard a unitatii de pondere

S0=√ ,

n = numarul de ecuatii
u = numarul de necunoscute
d = defectul de rang

s0= +- 0.202 mm/km

b) Abaterea standard a unei diferente compensate

De la la sΔh
RN1 RN2 0.12 mm
RN2 RN3 0.10 mm
RN3 RN4 0.08 mm
RN1 RN4 0.08 mm
RN5 RN1 0.14 mm
RN2 RN5 0.12 mm
RN5 RN3 0.12 mm
RN4 RN5 0.09 mm
c) Abaterea standarda unei cote compensate .

Punct Sh
RN1 0.17 mm
RN2 0.18 mm
RN3 0.20 mm
RN4 0.23 mm
RN5 0.14 mm

d) Abaterea standard totala pe retea .

St = 0.18 mm

Etapa 1
1) Calculul cotelor provizorii (se vor pastra cotele din etapa t0)

Hj`=Hi`+δh'ij

Varianta Varianta Varianta H mediu

Punct 1 2 3 (m)
RN2 105.3305 105.3299 105.3313 105.3306
RN3 103.9302 103.9314 103.931 103.9309
RN4 106.3955 106.3963 106.3967 106.3962
RN5 104.6038 104.6028 104.602 104.6029

2) Formarea sistemului de ecuatii liniare:

-forma generala a ecuatiilor de corectie: vij=-xi+xj+lij;pij

-calculul termenilor liberi pentru ecuatiile de corectii: lij=(Hj`-Hi`)-δhij

-calculul ponderilor ecuatiilor de corectii: pij = 1/n , functie de n= numarul de nivelee.

Ecuatie De la la XRN1 XRN2 XRN3 XRN4 XRN5 l (m) P

1 RN1 RN2 -1 1 0 0 0 0.0002 0.50
2 RN2 RN3 0 -1 1 0 0 0.0000 0.20
3 RN3 RN4 0 0 -1 1 0 0.0000 0.20
4 RN1 RN4 -1 0 0 1 0 0.0000 0.14
5 RN5 RN1 1 0 0 -1 -0.0001 0.25
6 RN2 RN5 0 -1 0 0 1 -0.0003 0.50
7 RN5 RN3 0 0 1 0 -1 -0.0001 0.33
8 RN4 RN5 0 0 0 -1 1 -0.0002 0.25
9 FICTIV 1 1 1 1 1 0.0000 29.70
 -1 1 0 0 0
0 -1 1 0 0
0 0 -1 1 0
A= -1 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 0 -1
0 -1 0 0 1
0 0 1 0 -1
0 0 0 -1 1
1 1 1 1 1

0.3333 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0.2500 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0.1429 0 0 0 0 0 0
P= 0 0 0 0.1667 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0.5000 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0.3333 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0.3333 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.2000 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 28.2440

0.0002
0.0000
0.0000
l= 0.0000
-0.0001
-0.0003
-0.0001
-0.0002
0.0000

3) Normalizarea sistemului de ecuatii liniare:

N=ATPA

-0.500 0.000 0.000 -0.143 0.250 0.000 0.000 0.000 29.702

0.500 -0.200 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.500 0.000 0.000 29.702
ATP= 0.000 0.200 -0.200 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.333 0.000 29.702
0.000 0.000 0.200 0.143 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.250 29.702
0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 -0.250 0.500 -0.333 0.250 29.702

30.5952 29.2024 29.7024 29.5595 29.4524

29.2024 30.9024 29.5024 29.7024 29.2024
N= 29.7024 29.5024 30.4357 29.5024 29.3690
29.5595 29.7024 29.5024 30.2952 29.4524
29.4524 29.2024 29.3690 29.4524 31.0357
 4) Compensarea retelei ca o retea libera:
4.1. Inversarea matricii normale:

0.8348 0.0550 -0.4115 -0.3333 -0.1382

0.0550 0.6359 -0.2299 -0.4172 -0.0370
N-1= -0.4115 -0.2299 0.9307 -0.1700 -0.1126
-0.3333 -0.4172 -0.1700 1.1274 -0.2001
-0.1382 -0.0370 -0.1126 -0.2001 0.4946

4.2. Calculul parametrilor:

X =- N-1ATPL

0.3899 0.0933 -0.0156 0.1669 -0.2432 0.0966 0.0911 -0.0488 -0.2000

-0.2904 0.1732 0.0375 0.0675 -0.0230 0.3364 0.0643 -0.0951 -0.2000
- N-1ATP= -0.0908 -0.2321 0.2201 -0.0345 0.0747 -0.0587 -0.3477 -0.0144 -0.2000
0.0420 -0.0494 -0.2595 -0.2087 0.0333 -0.1086 -0.0100 0.3319 -0.2000
-0.0506 0.0151 0.0175 0.0088 0.1582 -0.2658 0.2024 -0.1737 -0.2000

0.0010
-0.0015
X= 0.0017
0.0009
-0.0021

4.3. Calculul corectiilor valorilor masurate

V=AX+l

-0.000018
0.000174
-0.000057
V= -0.000102
(m) -0.000094
-0.000088
-0.000139
-0.000104
0.000000

-0.018
0.174
-0.057
V= -0.102
(mm) -0.094
-0.088
 -0.139
-0.104
0.000

Hi= +xi
δhij= δh’ij+vij

COTE
COMPENSATE
Punct H (m)
HRN1 104.401
HRN2 105.329
HRN3 103.933
HRN4 106.397
HRN5 104.601

Cresteri de coordonate
compensate
De la la δh (m) Control
RN1 RN2 0.9281 0.9281
RN2 RN3 -1.3965 -1.3965
RN3 RN4 2.4644 2.4644
RN1 RN4 1.9960 1.9960
RN5 RN1 -0.1997 -0.1997
RN2 RN5 -0.7284 -0.7284
RN5 RN3 -0.6681 -0.6681
RN4 RN5 -1.7963 -1.7963

4.4. Estimarea preciziilor:

a) Abaterea standard a unitatii de pondere

S0=√ ,

n = numarul de ecuatii
u = numarul de necunoscute
d = defectul de rang

s0= +- 0.069 mm/km

b) Abaterea standard a unei diferente compensate

sΔh
De la la (mm)
RN1 RN2 0.05
RN2 RN3 0.03
RN3 RN4 0.03
 RN1 RN4 0.03
RN5 RN1 0.03
RN2 RN5 0.05
RN5 RN3 0.04
RN4 RN5 0.03

c) Abaterea standarda unei cote compensate .

Punct SH (mm)
RN1 0.06
RN2 0.05
RN3 0.07
RN4 0.07
RN5 0.05

d) Abaterea standard totala pe retea .

St = 0.06 mm

5) Realizarea testului global de congruenta

 Vom avea nevoie de:

 Vectorul coordonatelor provizorii X0 si X1
 Qxx0 si Qxx1 – matricea cofactorilor din cele doua etape
 S00 si S01- abaterea standard pentru fiecare etapa

a) Vectorul discrepantelor:
d = X1 – X0

x0 (m) x1 (m) d (m)

-0.00027 0.00103 0.00129
-0.00008 -0.00146 -0.00138
-0.00020 0.00172 0.00192
0.00014 0.00086 0.00072
0.00041 -0.00215 -0.00256

b) Matricea cofactorilor modelului de deformatii si inversa sa ( Qdd+)

Qdd = Qxx0 + Qxx1

 0.7223 -0.0628 -0.3608 -0.2670 -0.0245
-0.0628 0.7808 -0.1409 -0.4857 -0.0843
Qxx0= -0.3608 -0.1409 0.9356 -0.2986 -0.1282
-0.2670 -0.4857 -0.2986 1.3030 -0.2446
-0.0245 -0.0843 -0.1282 -0.2446 0.4888

0.8348 0.0550 -0.4115 -0.3333 -0.1382

0.0550 0.6359 -0.2299 -0.4172 -0.0370
Qxx1= -0.4115 -0.2299 0.9307 -0.1700 -0.1126
-0.3333 -0.4172 -0.1700 1.1274 -0.2001
-0.1382 -0.0370 -0.1126 -0.2001 0.4946

1.5570 -0.0079 -0.7723 -0.6003 -0.1627

-0.0079 1.4167 -0.3708 -0.9029 -0.1213
Qdd= -0.7723 -0.3708 1.8662 -0.4686 -0.2408
-0.6003 -0.9029 -0.4686 2.4304 -0.4447
-0.1627 -0.1213 -0.2408 -0.4447 0.9833

14.9419 14.2743 14.4788 14.4007 14.2915

14.2743 14.9945 14.3633 14.4783 14.2767
= 14.4788 14.3633 14.8413 14.3928 14.3110
14.4007 14.4783 14.3928 14.7510 14.3644
14.2915 14.2767 14.3110 14.3644 15.1436

c) Abaterea standard empirica a modelului de deformatie:

√

t0 t1 d
s0
(m/km) 0.0002 0.00007 0.00021

h=n-d=8-4=4
h = rangul matricii Qdd+
d = defectul de rang (d = 4)

F=

F = valoarea calculată a testului Fisher

Flim = F h,f, (1-α)
F = valoarea teoretică a testului Fisher (extrasă din tabele)
α = numarul gradelor de libertate (α = 5%)
h = rangul matricii
f0= f1 = n-u+d = 4
n = numarul de ecuatii = 8
u = numarul de necunoscute = 5
d = defectul de rang = 1

f = f0 + f1 = 8

F 57.212
α 0.05
f0=f1 4
f 8
Flim 6.041

F > Flim => reteaua nu este congruenta => exista deformatii, dar nu stim unde.

6) Testul Student „ t”

 Vom avea nevoie de:

- Abaterea standard empirica a fiecarui punct

sj = s0Qjj, sj = abaterea standard empirica individuala (a fiecarui punct j);

tj = dj/sj , tj = valoarea calculata a testului de localizare a deformatiilor;

tlim = t1-,f ,tlim = valoarea teoretica a testului de localizare a deformatiilor;

Decizia Student:

1. dacă punct stabil;

2. dacă punct deplasat;

Punct s (m) T LIM Concluzie

RN1 0.00027 4.8592 Punct Deplasat
RN2 0.00025 -5.4220 Punct Deplasat
RN3 0.00029 6.5875 2.306 Punct Deplasat
RN4 0.00033 2.1645 Punct Stabil
RN5 0.00021 -12.0848 Punct Deplasat