Depressor mandibuli

Origin: behind the tympanic ring

Insertion: caudal portion of the lower jaw

Action: closes the mouth

Temporalis

Origin: dorsal border of the suprascapula

Insertion: lower jaw

Action: opens the mouth

Masseter

Origin: tympanic ring and adjacent bones

Insertion: outer surface of the lower jaw

Action: raise the lower jaw and closes the mouth

Mylohyoid

Origin: lower jaw

Insertion: median raphe

Action: pulls the floor of the mouth downward in breathing

Sternohyoid

Origin: coracoid and clavicle

Insertion: hyoid bone

Action: pulls the hyoid backward, thus lowering the floor of the mouth in respiration
Latissimus dorsi

Origin: fascia of the back just behind the shoulder blade

Insertion: deltoid ridge of the humerus

Action: abducts the arm and pulls the arm upward and backward

Dorsalis scapulae

Origin: scapula

Insertion: tendon joining the latissimus dorsi

Action: raises the arms towards the body

Longissimus dorsi

Origin: anterior third of the urostyle

Insertion: tendon joining the latissimus dorsi

Action: raises arms towards the body

Coccygeo-sacralis

Origin: urostyle

Insertion: transverse provess of the sacral vertebra

Action: "hump" the back when the two muscles of the sides of the body act together, when they act
singly; turns the back to one side

Coccygeo-iliacus

Origin: urostyle

Insertion: anterior part of ilium

Action: holds the urostyle in place

Rectus abdominis

Origin: pubic border

Insertion: sternum and coracoid

Action: support the abdominal viscera

External oblique

Origin: dorsal fascia

Insertion: linea alba, dorsal to rectus abdominis

Action: supports and compresses the abdomen

Internal oblique

Origin: transverse processes of 4th to 9th vertebrae and ilium

Insertion: coracoids and xiphisternum and linea alba

Action: supports and compresses the abdomen

Deltoid

Origin: clavicle and scapula

Insertion: deltoid chest of the humerus

Action: raises and rotates the humerus

Sternordialis

Origin: episternum

Insertion: radius

Action: raises the humerus

Anterior pectoralis

Origin: sternum and coracoid

Insertion: deltoid ridge

Action: flexes the arm

Middle pectoralis

Origin: sternum and coracoid

Insertion: deltoid ridge

Action: flexes the arm

Posterior pectoralis

Origin: sternum, coracoid, and rectus abdominis

Insertion: deltoid ridge

Action: expands the abdomen

Triceps extensor femoris

Insertion: large tendon which passes over the knee to the proximal end of the tibio-fibula

Action: draws the entire hindlimb forward and extends the lower leg

Vastus externus

Origin: posterior end of the crest and ilium

Rectus femoris anticus

Origin: anterior border of the acetabulum

Vastus internus

Origin: antero-ventral border of the acetabulum

Adductor longus

Origin: ventral part of the ilium

Insertion: the distal end of the femur

Action: pulls the thigh forward and ventrally

Sartorius

Origin: the ventral part of the ilium

Insertion: the proximal end of the tibio-fibula

Action: pulls the thigh forward and ventrad and flexes the shank

Adductor magnus

Origin: ventral part of the ilium

Insertion: the distal end of the femur

Action: adducts the thigh, and pulls the lower leg forward

Gracilis major

Origin: posterior end of ischium

Insertion: proximal end of tibio-fibula

Action: extends and flexes the leg and pulls the femur backward

Gracilis minor

Origin: the ischiac symphasis

Insertion: tendon of the gracilis major and the skin

Action: extends and flexes the leg and pulls the femur backward

Semitendinosus

Origin: ischium

Insertion: pre-axial side of the proximal end of the tibio-fibula

Action: adducts the femur and flexes the lower leg

Biceps femoris

Origin: behind the posterior end of the dorsal chest of the ilium

Insertion: proximal end of the tibio-fibula

Action: adducts the thigh and flexes the leg

Semimembranosus

Origin: posterior surface of the ischium

Insertion: proximal end of the tibio-fibula behind the knee

Action: adducts the thigh, flexes the shank

Pyriformis

Origin: posteriortip of the urostyle

Insertion: at the femur at the junction of its proximal and middle third

Action: draws the femur dorsally and also pulls the urostyle to one side

Gluteus

Origin: along the outer and dorsal border of the caudal half of the ilium
Insertion: by two heads, proximal end of the femur

Action: pulls the thigh forward and upward

Tibialis anticus

Origin: distal end of the femur

Insertion: by two heads, proximal ends of the calcaneum and astralagus

Action: extends the leg and flexes the foot

Peroneus

Origin: distal end of the femur

Insertion: distal end of tibio-fibula and calcaneum

Action: extends the leg and may either flex or extend the foot

Gastocnemius

Origin: distal end of the femur and the small tendon of the biceps femoris

Insertion: proximal end of astralagus

Action: flexes the leg and extends the foot

Tibialis posticus

Origin: distal end of femur

Insertion: proximal end of astralagus

Action: extends and flexes the foot

Extensor cruris

Origin: distal half of tibio-fibula

Insertion: anterior surface of the proximal half of the tibio-fibula

Action: extends the leg

Flexor tarsi anterior

Origin: distal half of tibio-fibula

Insertion: anterior side of astralagus

Action: flexes the foot

Triceps brachii

Insertion: radius over elbow

Action: extends the forearm

Brachialis

Origin: proximal end of humerus

Insertion: ulna

Action: flexes the forearm

Extensor carpi ulnaris

Origin: lateral surface of the ulna

Insertion: fourth metacarpals

Action: extends the side of the wrist of the fourth metacarpals

Extensor digitorum

Origin: lateral surface of the distal end of humerus

Insertion: fourth metacarpals

Action: extends the side of the wrist of the fourth metacarpals

Brachioradialis

Origin: middle of humerus

Insertion: fourth metacarpals

Action: rotates the hand

Extensor carpi radialis

Origin: distal end of humerus

Insertion: second and third metacarpals

Action: extends the hand

Pronator teres

Origin: medial side of humerus

Insertion: radius

Action: rotates the radius

Flexor carpi radialis

Origin: medial side of humerus

Insertion: metacarpals

Action: flexes the metacarpals

Palmaris longus

Origin: medial side of humerus

Insertion: wrist, ligaments and phalanges

Action: flexes the digits

Flexor carpi ulnaris

Origin: medial side of humerus

Insertion: metacarpals

Action: flexes the metacarpals