DESIGN OF PORTBLE SECURITY SYSTEM USNIG FACE
RECOGNITION WITH BACK-PROPAGATION ALGORITHAM
AND MATLAB
M. Hareesh Babu 1, M. Bala Naga Bhushanamu2, B. Benarji3, Prof. M. Purnachandra Rao4
1 ,2 ,3 Research
Scholar, 4Professor & Research Guide
1,2,3,4
Dept. of Systems Design, Andhra University
1hareesh.makesu@gmail.com, 2balanagabhushanamu@gmail.com, 3benarjiec@gmail.com, 4raomp17@gmail.com
Abstract: In our globally connected world, threats from
various aspects are going at an alarming rate. These are
controlling with different security systems such as metal
detector, closed circuit cameras, and scanning systems.
All these aids are meant to recognize and identify the
explosives and others weapons. Here, it is more
important to identify the particular person or persons,
who were planning to distract the society or particular
event. This paper is aimed to design that to control the
threats by identifying the suspected people by a simple
face recognition technique using simple PC or Laptop
with the help of scientific software MATLAB and its
neural network tool box. In general, all major events are
fully securitized with well-developed protection systems
but only problem with non-major and small events,
where security systems are matter of financial issues. So,
militants and other destroyers are taking advantage of
these situations and creating a panic and terror
situations. This paper is also designed like that a PC or
laptop with camera can be a face recognition system to
identify the suspected peoples and most wanted criminal.
By recognizing the people, we can mostly avoid the
threats from these people and dangerous situations.
Neural network is a science that has been extensively
applied to numerous pattern recognition problems such
as character recognition, object recognition, and face
recognition, where this paper has programmed for face
recognition with the back-propagation algorithm and
simulated with the software MATLAB and its neural
network tool box. Here, the back propagation plays the
central operation role to get the key features were
extracted from the picture for training the network.
Since the major role of the project is mainly focusing on
the training of the neural network, already extracted key
features of the person’s image from the database were
taken for training the back-propagation network. Here,
we have taken 7 input units, 6 hidden units and 4 output
units, contained back-propagation network. The output
unit, 4-output units, generates the 4-bit output which
gives the person identity.
Keywords: Security, Back-propagation, Face recognition,
Neural network, Images, MATLAB, Data learning rate,
Weight, Train.
I. INTRODUCTION
In this globalized world, security of a person or
country is a major issue. An annual budget for the
country and their people security has raising
drastically by every nation. Even though the security
system in root levels are failing at small and non-
recognitions events, which leads to financial and death
loses. So, security at these events need to be enhance
to control the various loses. All these situations can be
overcome by utilizing the technology such as Artificial
Neural Network, Face recognition, Digital Image
Processing and Matlab software. The main aim of the
paper was to identify the persons from the face
recognition technique and back-propagation
algorithm, which is a part of neural network. In this
paper, we have designed as that will collect the still
photograph of the person, especially face part of the of
the person, by the personal computer or laptop’s built
in camera and then fed to the MATLAB software,
where captured image has processed according to
back-propagation algorithm using neural network tool
box. This image is stored in the database and also
compared with the previous images from database
system, which has taken previously or collected from
internet database system. If images found to be
matched, then system immediately intimating that
particular person has already listed or identified in this
database. Here, the data base system will readily stores
the suspected people and criminals images. In this
manner, we can identifies the criminals, militant, and
suspected persons at a small and non-recognized
events at rural areas by simple using personal
computer and laptops.
MATLAB is a high-level language and
interactive environment for computations,
visualizations, and programming. Meanwhile, you
have a chance to analyze data, develop algorithms, and
create models and applications. This language tool and
built-in mathematical functions will enable you to
explore multiple approaches and reach a solution
faster than with spreadsheets or traditional
programming languages, such as C or C++ or VC++.
Main Key features of the MATLAB are as follows: (1)
Mathematical functions for linear algebra, statistics,
Fourier analysis, filtering, optimization, numerical
integration, and solving ordinary differential
equations. (2) Built-in graphics for visualizing data
and tools for creating custom plots. (3) Development
tools for improving code quality and maintainability
and maximizing performance. (4) Tools for building
applications with custom graphical interfaces. (5)
Functions for integrating MATLAB-based algorithms
with external applications and languages such as C,
Java, .NET, and Microsoft Excel. (6) Creating Apps
with graphical user interfaces in MATLAB.
Back-propagation is a common method of
training artificial neural networks and an abbreviated
as "backward propagation of errors." From a desired
output, the network learns from many inputs, similar
to the way a child learns to identify a dog from
examples of dogs. It is a supervised learning method
and is a generalization of the delta rule. It requires a
dataset of the desired output for many inputs, making
up the training set. It is most useful for feed-forward
networks. Back-propagation requires that
the activation function used by the artificial neurons or
"nodes" be differentiable. The back-propagation
learning algorithm can be classified into two phases:
propagation and weight update. Each propagation
involves the following steps: (1) Forward propagation
of a training pattern's input through the neural network
in order to generate the propagation's output
activations. (2) Backward propagation of the
propagation's output activations through the neural
network using the training pattern target in order to
generate the deltas of all output and hidden neurons.
For each weight-synapse follow the following steps:
(1) Multiply its output delta and input activation to get
the gradient of the weight. (2) Subtract a ratio
(percentage) of the gradient from the weight. This ratio
(percentage) influences the speed and quality of
learning; it is called the learning rate. The greater the
ratio, the faster the neuron trains; the lower the ratio,
the more accurate the training is. The sign of the
gradient of a weight indicates where the error is
increasing; this is why the weight must be updated in
the opposite direction. Phase 1 and 2 repeats until the
performance of the network is satisfactory.
II. DESIGN TECHNIQUE
The face recognition task is a challenging because of
variability in the pose, orientation, location, and scale.
It is also depends on the facial expressions, lighting
conditions, and age excreta. In this paper, we have
mostly considered about the three conditions as
follows: (1) Variations in image plane and pose (2)
Facial expressions. (3) Lighting conditions and
background. Section one due to the faces in the image
vary due to rotation, translation, and scaling of the
camera-pose or the face itself. Second sections due to
the appearance of a face are largely affected by the
expression on the face. The presence or absence of
additional features such as glasses, breads, and
mustaches further add to this variability. The final
section describes about the lighting conditions that
depend on the object and light source properties, and
affect the appearance of the face. The back ground
which defines the profile of the face is important and
cannot be ignored. The whole process involves
training the network with a set of pictures and after the
training process is over, an arbitrary image is given as
input. The output is a set of binary values of yes or no,
indicating whether the image resembles any trained
picture or not.
III. TRAINING APPROACH
The training approach has taken into three stages. In
first stage, the back-propagation network is used to
extract various unique features from every image, and
learning vector quantization is used for training the
network. Here, the back-propagation network is also
used as auto-associative network and each image is
resized to 56 x 46 pixels then fed to back-propagation
network as an input, which leads to be 2,576 input
units, 2,576 output units, and 200 hidden units.
Further, each pixel value is converted into a bipolar to
accept the values as ‘-1’ and if the pixel value is grater
then 0.5 as ‘+1’ (Figs. 1 and 2 ).
Fig 1. BPN architecture.

Fig 2. Hybrid BPN network.
In second stage, the back-propagation network is used
as a string network to act as a database system with a
2,576 input units, maximum of 200 hidden units, and
6 output units. The output is converted from binary to
hexadecimal to address the memory location of the
database, where the information about a person is
stored. This 6-bit output gives the person identity (Fig.
3 ).
Fig 3. BPN network for process the original image.
In final stage, the key features of the image were only
extracted for the training the network because if we
give the picture as input to the network is not feasible
due to the size of the weight matrix is huge. To train
the network, we have extracted key features from the
database for train the back-propagation network with
7 input units, 6 hidden units, and 4 output units has
used. The seven attributes of the image features are 1.
Frontal or central 2. Upper frontal. 3. Lower frontal. 4.
Top right frontal. 5. Top left frontal. 6. Bottom right
frontal and 7. Bottom left frontal. So, the dimensions
of the image are considerably reduced to 7-6-4 from
2576-50-6. Finally, the 6-bit output units of the image
converted into 4-bit output,
Fig 4. Block diagram for the entitled paper.
which gives the person identity. Here also the output
is converted from binary to hexadecimal to address the
memory location where the information of a person
has stored. To analyze the efficiency of the back-
propagation network for varying inputs to identify the
correct person, we trained the network in both
continuous valued and discrete value features (Figs 4
and 5 ).
Fig 5. BPN network after process the original image.
IV. SIMULATION RESULT
See Figs. 6,7,8,9, and 10.
Fig 6. A set of training images.
 Fig 7. A set of testing images.
Fig 8. Sample Data Set for continuous input.
Fig 9. Sample dataset for discrete input.
Fig 10. Binary data for persons’ identity.
V. CONCLUSION
Advantages in technology such as face recognition and
Image Processing has leads to overcome many
sensitive problems in security aspects such as
identifying the suspected people and enemies by
capturing the image and identify the validity of a
person by using the extracted features available in the
database. For practical implementation, more attention
should be given to the preprocessing stage to extract
the features directly from the image. Finally, the
intention of the paper “Design of Portable Security
System Using Face Recognition with Back-
propagation Algorithm and MATLAB” has simulated
in PC and laptop for very low cost and advantage is
that it can mobilized to anywhere.
 VI. ACKNOWLEDGMENT.
We thank to our beloved Guide & Head of the
Department Prof. M. Purnachandra Rao, who gave us
such an opportunity to work on NEURAL
NETWORK, ARTIFICIAL INTELGENCE and
MATLAB SOFTWARE and his assistance on our
presentation.
VII. REFERENCES.
1. J.R. Anderon, Cognitive psychology and Its
Implications, 2nd edn. (Freeman, San Francisco,
1985)
2. D.H. Ballard, Parameter nets. Artif. Intell 22(3), 235-
267(194).
3. E.A Feigenbaum, A. Barr, P.R.Cohen (eds) The
Handbook of Artificial Intelligence (Addision-
Wesley, New York 1989)
4. M.A. Eshera, K.S. Fu. “A Graph Distance Measure
for image analysis”; IEEE Trans. Syst. Man Cyberm.
SMC 14(3)
5. K.S Fu, Sequential methods in pattern recognition
and matching of pictorial structures. IEEE Trans.
Comput (1968)
6. J.L. Kolodener, Reconstruction memory: a
computer model. Cogn. Sci. 7(4), 281-328 (1938).
7. www.mathworks.in/help/vision/examples/face-
detection-and-tracking.html
8. www.mathworks.in/help/nnet/ref/trainlm.html
9.http://mathworks.in/discovery/face_recognition.htm
l
10. www.mathworks.in/help/nnet/ref/traingd.html
VIII. AUTHORS BIOGRAPHY.
Prof. M.Purnachandra Rao received his
M.Sc (Tech) in Electronics from Andhra
University 1980 and he has awarded his
Ph.D. from Dept. of physics, A.U,
Visakhapatnam. Later on appointed has
Asst.Prof, Associate.Prof and Professor in
Physics Dept and Head of the Dept for
Systems Design & USIC.Research Work: Has a 30 years
of experience in the field of SODAR and its applications.
Hareesh Babu. M received his M.Sc (Tech)
in Electronics and Instrumentation from
Andhra University 2008. Has a 2 years of
experience in Embedded Engineer at
Sartourious Mechatronics Ind Pvt.Ltd and he
is currently pursuing Ph.D in dept of Systems
Design, A.U, Visakhapatnam. Research
Work: Has a 3 years of experience in the
field of SODAR and its applications and
Matlab scientific software.
Publications:
Design & Simulation of Graphical User Interface for SODAR
System using VC++: ITBI-2013.
Graphical User Interface Design & Simulation for SODAR Signal
Generation Using Matlab: AP Science Congg-2013.
Bala Naga Bhushanamu.M received his M.Sc
in Electronics and M.Phil from Andhra
University. MS from BITS Pilani in 2011 and
he is currently pursuing Ph.D in dept of Systems
Design, A.U, Visakhapatnam. Research Work:
Has a 3 years of experience in the field of
SODAR and its applications and Matlab
scientific software.
Publications:
Design & Simulation of Graphical User Interface for SODAR
System using VC++: ITBI-2013.
Graphical User Interface Design & Simulation for SODAR Signal
Generation Using Matlab: AP Science Congg-2013.
Benarji. B received his M.Tech in Digital
Systems and Signal Processing from GITAM
University in 2010 and he is currently pursuing
Ph.D in dept of Electronics and Communication,
A.U, Visakhapatnam. Research Work: Has a 3
years of experience in the field of SODAR and
its applications and Matlab scientific software.
Publications:
Design & Simulation of Graphical User Interface for SODAR
System using VC++: ITBI-2013.
Graphical User Interface Design & Simulation for SODAR Signal
Generation Using Matlab: AP Science Congg-2013.