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International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology (IJMET)

Volume 9, Issue 13, December 2018,


201 pp. 34–44, Article ID: IJMET_09_13_005
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=9&IType=13
ISSN Print: 0976-6340 and ISSN Online: 0976-6359

© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed

INVESTIGATION THE PROPERTIES


PROPERTIES OF
POLYESTER POLYMER MORTAR
ORTAR
REINFORCED
EINFORCED WITH RECYCLED
RECYCLED GLASS
POWDER
Awham M. Hameed
Applied Sciences Department, University of Technology

EntihaaGateaDaway
Material Engineering Technology, Technical Engineering College- Baghdad,
Middle Technical University

ShymaHameed Mohammad
Material Engineering Technology, Technical Engineering College- Baghdad,
Middle Technical University

ABSTRACT
In the recent years, the use of recycled glass waste as aggregate material for
concrete has been considered to reduce the negative effect of these wastes. In this
work, the first study of the properties for polymer concrete prepared using recycled
glass as aggregate was presented. Glass powder was mixed with unsaturated
polyester resin with weight fraction (80%) of glass which recycled from waste. Then
the polymer mortar reinforced with 5% wt. of recycled polypropylene fibers to
compare the properties before
before and after the reinforcement. Some physical and
mechanical tests were performed on the prepared samples; the results proved that
density of polymer mortar decreases after the reinforcement within the ratio 6%. Also,
it is noticed that all the mechanical
mechanical properties decreased except the flexural strength.
The values of diffusion coefficient decreased too which meansmean increasing in the
resistance of water penetration. Micrograph photos showed good interfacial boning
between the constituents of the prepared composite.
composite. It can be considered that this
work gives simple and cheap method to produce polymer mortar with acceptable
properties suit for many applications.
applications
Keywords: Polymermortar,
Polymermortar Glasswaste, Polypropylenefiber, Mechanical Behavior.

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Awham M. Hameed, EntihaaGateaDaway and ShymaHameed Mohammad

Cite this Article: Awham M. Hameed, EntihaaGateaDaway and ShymaHameed


Mohammad, Investigation The Properties of Polyester Polymer Mortar Reinforced
with Recycled Glass Powder, International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and
Technology, 9(13), 2018, pp. 34–44.
http://www.iaeme.com/ijmet/issues.asp?JType=IJMET&VType=9&IType=13

1. INTRODUCTION
Polymer mortar (PM) is not like a cement mortar, it is made of inorganic aggregates mixed
with thermoset resin as abinder.
PM was first investigated during the 1950s and then became well known during the
1970s. The application of PM is determined by its composition. The ratio of aggregate to
resin has a significant influence on the strength of the PM. Polymer mortars is widely used in
precast components; industrial flooring; retouching of damaged concrete structures and
underground pipes[1]. The reason for wide application of PMs is due to their optimum
properties compared with that of the cement concrete (see Table.1) [2].

Table (1) Properties of polymer concrete in comparison with ordinary cement concrete

The materials; which were used for reinforced advanced composites; were widely
investigated and been selecteddue to their superior properties like possessing of better
mechanical properties; low density and stiffness; which led for a wide applications in
aerospace, automotive marine, chemical industries etc… [3].
The particles of the reinforced composites have relatively isotropic properties compared to
short fiber or whisker reinforced composites. The properties of the composites can be
designed by manipulating parameters such as volume fraction, reinforcement particle
distribution, matrix microstructure, and orientation [3].
Waste glass powder is used as an inert material for PM so as to reduce its cost and
improve its properties like high heat resistance; better electrical insulation; high toughness;
high chemical resistance and improve process ability for some cases [3].
Carneiro and Reis have investigated the mechanical properties of PM which containing
recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET).The final results proved the economic feasibility of
using recycled PET as a partial substitutes for aggregates in composite material. Although
there are some drawbacks in some characteristics such as decreasing in flexural and
compressive strength; the use of PET waste as aggregates presents some adding values. A
reasonable improvement in the modulus of elasticity was noted too [4].

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Investigation The Properties of Polyester Polymer Mortar Reinforced with Recycled Glass Powder

Benosman et al. introduced the mineralogical study about polymer mortarcomposites with
polyethylene terephthalate (PET) polymer by means of spectroscopic analysis. The results
proved that any increase in polymer -cement ratio will be met with a decreasing in the
quantity of Ca(OH)2 , in terms of bounded , the rough surface of particle favours greater
contact between PET and cement matrix and doesn't seem to have chemical interaction
between the organic molecules and mineral species which could lead to the formation of few
compounds[5].
Yemam et al. studied the mechanical properties of epoxy resin mortar with sand of
washing waste as filler. This study proved that the compressive and flexural strength would
increase with any increasing in epoxy and filler content, also the modulus of elasticity
increases linearly with the increasing in filler content, but if the epoxy content increases more
than 20 wt. %; the modulus of elasticity of the mortar will be decreased. The bond strength
was observed about 0.8 MPa when the epoxy content around 10 wt. %; and if the filler
content increased to 20 wt. % that would made significant effect on the bond strength, and
when the epoxy contain in the mortar at 15, 20, 25 wt. % the results show that sand of
washing waste could be used as potential filler for epoxy resin mortar to gain improved
mechanical properties by adding the optimum percentage of washing waste sand as a filler
[6].
Ribeiro et al. interested in the mechanical behavior analysis of polyester polymer mortar
modified with the waste materials of glass-fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP); the results
showed that the flexural and compressive are better than that of unmodified polymer mortars.
GFRP modified polyester mortar also show less brittle Behavior, with retention of some
loading capacity when exposed to a peak load. The obtained results clearly stated the high
potential of recycled GFRP waste materials as a sustainable reinforcement and admixture for
polymer concrete and mortars composites, constituting an emergent waste management
solution [7].
The current study aims to invest the glass waste for producing polymer mortar with
appropriate characteristics that can be used in different applications. The other objective is
using the recycled Polypropylene fibers as fillers for polymer mortar to reduce the cost.

2. MATERIALS AND METHODS


The wasted glass and polypropylene were used for preparing polymer mortar at specific
characteristics. Glass waste was further processed by milling (Model BT6) then sieving. The
particle size of recycled glass powder obtained from sieving is (106µm). It is important to
mention that before preparing polymer mortar, glass powder was dried into oven at
temperature (50ºC) for two hours to remove any possible existed moisture in the powder.
Recycled polypropylene fibers with density (0.91 g/cm3) were prepared from woven
polypropylene bags which cut in varied lengths ranged from (2-3.5cm). Commercial
unsaturated polyester resin supplied by Saudi industrial resins (SIR) company was used as a
binder of PE. This resin was mixed with Methyl Ethel Ketone Peroxide (MEKP) as a hardener
while the catalyst Cobalt Octoate was added as accelerator of reaction.
Polymer mortar was prepared by mixing an unsaturated polyester resin (20wt. %) as
abinder with (80wt.%) recycled glass powder. Then, the mixture (20%resin+75%glass
powder) was reinforced with recycled polypropylene fibers with weight ratio 5wt. %.
Polymer mortar samples were also molded and tested to compare the mechanical
properties (flexural strength, compressive strength, tensile strength and water absorption)
between them. Polymer mortar specimens of flexural test are cast in tomold (40x40x160
mm3) according to (B.S1015PART10).the flexural strength was determined by applying the
following equation :-

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Awham M. Hameed, EntihaaGateaDaway and ShymaHameed Mohammad

(1)

Where : Flexural strength, p: Maximum load,L: span length, b and h : Width and
height of the specimens.
The specimens of compression test are casted into (50x50x50 mm3) mold according to
(ASTM C109/C109 M-2013), compression strength was calculating by using the equation:

(2)

Where σc:-compressive strength, P: Maximum load, A: cross section area.


Specimens of tensile strength are casted into cylindermold (100mm length and 50mm
diameter) according to ( ASTM C496),to find splitting strength; the following equation has
been used:

ℎ= (3)
Where P: Splitting tensile load, D: Diameter of cylinder.
Water absorption specimens were cast into (50x50x50 mm3) according to (ASTM C642-
97).Bulk density of cubic specimens mold was calculated according to BS1015 PART 10.

3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION


This work is concentrating on studying the most important properties of polymer mortar
before and after reinforcement with polypropylene fibers. Table (2) lists the values density for
the two prepared samples. It was found that the density of the reinforced mortar decreased
with a ratio of 8.5% compared with its value before reinforcement. This behavior means that
this type of fibers is suitable option to decrease the density of polymer mortar under study.
The decreased density makes the prepared mortar has benefits for some applications of
unloaded building units such as floors and roofs and walls. Previous studies [8, 9] indicated
using some other types of fillers to decrease the density of polymer mortar, such as glass
fibers; silica fume and others. It can be considered that the prepared polymer mortar is a light
weight concrete because its density lays within the standard values of the light weight
concrete. It was referred in some studies that the density of light weight concrete is less than
2.2g/cm3(the density of normal weight concrete is assumed to be between 2.3g/cm3 and
2.4g/cm3 [10]. This means that PP fibers decrease the density of polymer mortar to nearly
24% less than that of the normal concrete

Table (2) Values of density for the polymer mortar and polymer mortar/ polypropylene samples

Polymer mortar Polymer mortar/


Density polypropylene
g/cm3 1.949 1.83
One of the important aims of this work is using wasted glasses which implies two
objectives; cost effectiveness and protection of environment from its negative effects.Fig.1
shows micrographic image of the polymer mortar before and after the reinforcement with PP
fibers. From this image It can be noticed the dispersion of glass particles within the polymer
matrix and the nature of bonding of fiber with polymer at the interface between them.
It is well known that compressive strength (C.S) is very important property for any
construction materials. Thus, the values of C.S for the PM's were measured. Fig.2 illustrates
the difference between the C.S of PM's before and after reinforcement with PP fibers.
Polypropylene fibers are recognized with non-polar nature; which lead to inhibit the adhesion

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Investigation The Properties of Polyester Polymer Mortar Reinforced with Recycled Glass Powder

to polymer so reducing the values of C.S [11]. A comparing between the obtained values of
the compressive strength ;( Table 1); it can be noticed clearly that the prepared polymer
concrete has higher compressive strength compared with that of ordinary concrete.
PP Fibers bridge across the polymer matrix supporting to manipulate shrinkage cracking
during the plastic stage and matrix micro-cracks that happen as the polymer concrete is
loaded. This would help to add post-cracking ductility to it. Fibers can stop the occurrence of
large crack widths that are either unsightly or permit for water molecules to enter, causing
potential deterioration of concrete. In addition to crack control and serviceability benefits, use
of fibers at higher weight percentages from 5% can substantially increase the matrix tensile
strength. Fig.3 illustrates the effect of reinforcement with this type of fibers on the splitting
tensile strength of polymer mortar.
It can be concluded that these fibers are acting as bridges within the polymer matrix to
distribute the stresses uniformly thus making the whole mortar resists the deformation as
shown in Fig.4. It is obvious the fracture nature under this type of load is not sharp or
catastrophic. Fig.5 lists the flexural strength values before and after the reinforcement.
In Fig.6, it can be noticed that the reinforcement with PP fibers leads to decrease the value
of hardness, this because the fibers are thermoplastic polymers which recognized with lower
rigidity compared to thermosetting polymers [12].Thus, the hardness deceases after addition
these fibers with the polymer mortar mix.
It is vital to mention that PP fibers have unusually resistance to many chemical solutions
(bases and acids) as well as to its low cost thus this type of fibers were selected as filler for
the prepared mortar. Fig.7 shows the relationship between the weight gain and time of
immersion into tap water. It is obvious that the weight gain decreases after the reinforcement.
This behavior clearly illustrates in Fig.8 which lists the values of diffusion coefficient before
and after the reinforcement. This result related to the nature of good adhesion or bonding
between these fibers with polymer matrix. Previous studies [13] reported the same behavior
and mentioned the importance of PP fibers in various industries.

Figure 1 Micrographic images of polymer mortar sample (a) before the reinforcement, (b) after the
reinforcement with PP fibers.

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Awham M. Hameed, EntihaaGateaDaway and ShymaHameed Mohammad

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Investigation The Properties of Polyester Polymer Mortar Reinforced with Recycled Glass Powder

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Awham M. Hameed, EntihaaGateaDaway and ShymaHameed Mohammad

5
Polymer mortar
Weight Gain (%)

4
Polymer mortar/PP
3

0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Immersion Time(day)

Figure (7): Relationship between the weight gain and time of immersion into tap water.

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Investigation The Properties of Polyester Polymer Mortar Reinforced with Recycled Glass Powder

Figure (8) Diffusion coefficient values before and after the reinforcement with PP fibers.

4. CONCLUSIONS
In this study, the possibility for producing polymer mortar by using high percentage of the
recycled glass was established. This producing method can be considered as suitable and
economically feasible method to invest wasted glasses; in addition to protect the environment
from effects of these wastes. Also, it was observed that the use of recycled polypropylene
fibers for the reinforcement will lower the density of composite material and reduce water
absorption compared with the polymer mortar without PP. Finally, after the comparing
between the characteristics of the produced PM with that of the conventional cement mortar,
it can be concluded that the obtained polymer mortar properties are superior to that of
conventional cement mortar.

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Awham M. Hameed, EntihaaGateaDaway and ShymaHameed Mohammad

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