REPORT OF MIKE MODELS For WP5

REPORT OF MIKE MODELS for WP5,6 of
LMDCZ Project
REPORT OF MIKE MODELS for WP5,6 of LMDCZ Project
Contents
1. METHODS, DATA AND USAGE MODELS 7
1.1 REVIEW 7
1.2 METHODOLOGY 10
1.3 DATA 11
1.3.1 Bathemetry 11
1.3.2 Hydrology 12
1.3.3 Wind and wind field 14
1.3.4 Wave and current 14
1.3.5 Sediment 17
1.4 MODEL SET UP, MODIFICATION AND VERIFICATION 17
1.4.1 Model set up 17
1.4.2 Model calibration and verification 20
2. SIMULATION RESULTS 44
2.1 Current regimes 44
2.2 Wave regimes 48
2.3 Sediment transport and morphological changes 50
2.3.1 In the East Sea side 50
2.3.2 In the West Sea side 54
2.4 Hydrodynamics and sediment transport at Go Cong with protection measures 54
2.4.1 Protection measure scenarios 55
2.4.2 Simulation results of the impact of protection scenarios 62
CONCLUSION AND RECOMENDATION 75
REFERENCES 76
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1-1 Maps of scale of 1/50,000 provided by VMMD ......................................................................... 11
Table 1-2 Location and time of flow measurements from other projects of SIWRR and ICOE ................. 13
Table 1-3 Location of stations and monitoring time of wave and current collected from previous projects
of SIWRR, ICOE and GIZ. ............................................................................................................................. 16
Table 1-4 The proposed measures in the studied area .............................................................................. 20
Table 2-1 Protection measure configurations ............................................................................................ 55
Table 2-2 Total acretion and erosion in study area after one month in the Northeast monsoon
(25/12/2013 ÷ 5/2/2014) of scenarios ....................................................................................................... 73
Table 2-3 Total acretion and erosion in study area after one month in the Southwest monsoon
(25/8/2014 ÷ 5/10/2014) ........................................................................................................................... 74
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1-1 Distribution of surface currents in the East Sea and the Gulf of Thailand during the northeast
(left) and southwest (right) from the monitoring data (Source: Wyrtki, 1961 ............................................ 8
Figure 1-2 Distribution of surface layer flow in the East Sea in winter (left) and summer (right), Aw, Bw,
Bs, and Cs show eddy currents (Source: Xu et al., 1982). ............................................................................ 8
Figure 1-3 Conceptual model of erosion and accretion regimes in the LMDCZ of Wolanski et al. (1996): a)
during flood season, b) during dry season. The arrow indicates the direction of sediment transport, the
dark gray ellipse represents the accretion area, the light gray ellipse indicates the area with the highest
sediment concentration (after Hein et al., 2013)......................................................................................... 9
Figure 1-4 The conceptual model of erosion and accretion and sediment transport mechanism in the
Mekong Delta region of Hein et al. (2013): a) characterising for flood season, b) characterising for dry
season. Gray ellipses represent the erosion areas, the dot areas represent the accretion. Dark arrows
indicate the direction of sediment transport on the surface layer, the dashed arrows indicate the
direction of sediment transport in the bottom layer. ................................................................................ 10
Figure 1-5 Model partitions........................................................................................................................ 10
Figure 1-6 Location of in-situ discharge measurement stations in previous projects of SIWRR and ICOE 12
Figure 1-7 Location of national water level stations in the LMDCZ ........................................................... 14
Figure 1-8 Location of in-situ survey stations in the previous projects of SIWRR and ICOE ...................... 15
Figure 1-9 Location of the in-situ survey stations in LMDCZ project ......................................................... 17
Figure 1-10 The scope, grid and boundaries of the East Sea model ......................................................... 18
Figure 1-11 Scope, Grid of the regional Models......................................................................................... 19
Figure 1-12 Scope and Grid of Studied Area Model Group ........................................................................ 20
Figure 1-13 Location of verification sites of tidal model ............................................................................ 21
Figure 1-14 Comparison of tide level from MIKE21 model and global tide forecast model FES2012 at
position P30. ............................................................................................................................................... 21
Figure 1-15 Comparison of tide level from MIKE21 model and global tide forecast model FES2012 at
position P40. ............................................................................................................................................... 22
Figure 1-16 Correlation of tide level from MIKE21 model and global tide forecast model FES2012 at
positions P30 and P40 ................................................................................................................................ 22
Figure 1-17 Comparison of water level modeled by MIKE21 model and water level measured at Phu Qui
station......................................................................................................................................................... 22
Figure 1-18 Comparison of water level modeled by MIKE21 model and water level measured at Con Dao
station......................................................................................................................................................... 23
Figure 1-19 Comparison of wind data extracted from CFSR model and data at Bach Ho station in 1996. 23
Figure 1-20 Comparisons of wave height simulated by MIKE21 SW model and observation data at Bach
Ho station in 1996. ..................................................................................................................................... 23
Figure 1-21 Comparisons of wave direction simulated by MIKE21 SW model and observation wave data
at Bach Ho station in 1996. ........................................................................................................................ 24
Figure 1-22 Location of wave verification sites .......................................................................................... 24
Figure 1-23 Comparison of the wave height of the MIKE21 SW model and AVISO wave data and the
results from the WAVEWATCH-III model at the verification sites. ............................................................ 25
Figure 1-24 Comparison of maximum wave period from MIKE21 SW model and AVISO wave data and the
result from WAVEWATCH-III model at verification sites. .......................................................................... 25
Figure 1-25 Comparisons of the maximum wave direction calculated from the MIKE21 SW model and the
results of the WAVEWATCH-III model at the verification sites. ................................................................. 26
Figure 1-26 Comparison of wave height contours calculated by MIKE21 SW model and observation data
from satellites at 12h on 10/10/2009. ....................................................................................................... 26
Figure 1-27 Comparison of the wave height contours calculated by MIKE21 SW model and the
WAVEWATCH-III model at 18h on 11/10/2009.......................................................................................... 27
Figure 1-28 Comparison of calculated and measured water levels at Dinh An, Co Chien and Ham Luong
stations (September 2009). ........................................................................................................................ 28
Figure 1-29 Comparison of calculated and measured water levels at Cua Tieu and Cua Dai stations
(9/2009) ...................................................................................................................................................... 28
Figure 1-30 Comparison of calculated and measured water levels at Dong Tranh, Nga Bay and Thi Vai
stations (August 2009). .............................................................................................................................. 29
Figure 1-31 Comparison of calculated and measured water levels at Ong Doc and Rach Gia stations
(September 2009)....................................................................................................................................... 30
Figure 1-32 Compare computed and observed water levels at national stations in 2014 ........................ 31
Figure 1-33 Comparison of discharges (Q) at Tran De, Dinh An, Ham Luong esturaries (9/2009) ........... 32
Figure 1-34 Comparison of discharges (Q) at Co Chien, Cua Dai and Cua Tieu esturaries (9/2009).......... 33
Figure 1-35 Comparison of discharges (Q) at Soai Rap, Dong Tranh and Long Tau esturaries (9/2009) ... 34
Figure 1-36 Comparison of velocity components at Dinh An station (8/2009........................................... 34
Figure 1-37 Comparison of water levels and velocity components at SR1 (08/2009). .............................. 35
Figure 1-38 Comparison of water levels and velocity components at SG1 - 03/2012. .............................. 35
Figure 1-41Comparison of water levels and velocity components at BR-VT1 (10/2009). ......................... 37
Figure 1-42 The comparison of the significant wave height of obsered and calculated data at fixed
stations (Go Cong and U Minh) during the southwest monsoon October 2016 ....................................... 38
Figure 1-43 The comparison of the significant wave height of obsered and calculated data at fixed
stations (Go Cong and U Minh) during the northeast monsoon February 2017 ....................................... 39
Figure 1-44 The comparison of the significant wave height of obsered and calculated data at mobile
stations during the southwest monsoon (October 2016) .......................................................................... 40
Figure 1-45 The comparison of the significant wave height of obsered and calculated data at mobile
stations during the northeast monsoon (February 2017) .......................................................................... 40
Figure 1-46 Comparison of SSC simulated and observed data in 2009 at Mekong estuaries ................... 41
Figure 1-47 Comparison of SSC simulated and observed data in 2012 at Saigon-Dong Nai estuaries ...... 41
Figure 1-48 Comparison of SSC simulated and observed data in 2012 at coastal locations. .................... 42
Figure 1-49 Sediment distribution at 10h 26/7/2009 (southwest monsoon) according to satellite image
analysis (left) and simulation result (right). ............................................................................................... 42
Figure 1-50 Sediment distribution at 10h 06/12/2009 (northeast monsoon) according to satellite image
analysis (left) and simulation result (right) ................................................................................................ 43
Figure 1-51 Sediment distribution at 10h 24/02/2010 (northeast monsoon) according to satellite image
analysis (left) and simulation result (right) ................................................................................................ 43
Figure 2-1 Simulation results of the current at falling tide (a) and rising tide (b) in the West Sea. .......... 44
Figure 2-2 Average current in July 2014 ..................................................................................................... 45
Figure 2-3 Average current in September 2014 ......................................................................................... 46
Figure 2-4 Average current in November 2014 .......................................................................................... 46
Figure 2-5 Average current in December 2014 .......................................................................................... 47
Figure 2-6 Average current in January 2015 .............................................................................................. 47
Figure 2-7 The simulation results of monthly average for (a) southwest monsoon and (b) northeast
monsoon..................................................................................................................................................... 47
Figure 2-8 Distribution of the monthly average flow in September 2014 and January 2015 on the cross-
section of U Minh (a) and Tra Vinh (b) ....................................................................................................... 48
Figure 2-9 Distribution of the wave field in the regional area, characterized by (a) the southwest
monsoon and (b) the northeast monsoon seasons (bellows are significant wave height at positions P1
and P2, the extract wave points are corresponding to the wave fields above). ....................................... 49
Figure 2-10 Wave roses in 2014-2015 at locations along the coastal areas of the LMD ........................... 50
Figure 2-11 Correlation of sediment changes in estuaries with different seasons, upstream hydrology
(flow, sediment), coastal hydrodynamics (residual current, wave, bottom shear stress) with climate year
cycle. ........................................................................................................................................................... 53
Figure 2-12 Distribution of sediments in the LMDCZ at August (a), October (b), November (c), January
(d), April (e) and June (f)............................................................................................................................. 53
Figure 2-13 Distribution of coastal erosion at (a) end of July, (b) October, (c) November, and (d) end of
April ............................................................................................................................................................ 54
Figure 2-14 Detail meshes and protection measure of T shape breakwaters ........................................... 55
Figure 2-15 Distribution of current field at the estuarine and coastal studied area (a) at the falling tide
and (b) at the rising tide (belows are the water level and current at Soai Rap at extracting time and
corresponding to current field above) ....................................................................................................... 56
Figure 2-16 Extraction location in the detailed area for analysis............................................................... 57
Figure 2-17 Current roses at positions P1 ÷ P4 with computational time period is from 25/8/2014 to
5/10/2014................................................................................................................................................... 58
Figure 2-18 Current roses at positions P1 ÷ P4 with computational time period is from 25/12/2013 to
5/2/2014..................................................................................................................................................... 59
Figure 2-19 Wave roses at P1 and P2 in the northeast monsoon (January 2014) .................................... 60
Figure 2-20 Wave roses at P3 and P4 in the northeast monsoon (January 2014) .................................... 60
Figure 2-21 Wave roses at P1 and P2 in the southwest monsoon (September / 2014) ............................ 60
Figure 2-22 Wave roses at P3 and P4 in the southwest monsoon (September / 2014) ............................ 61
Figure 2-23 Northeast monsoon wave distribution field ........................................................................... 61
Figure 2-24 Southwest monsoon wave distribution field .......................................................................... 62
Figure 2-25 Current roses at P1 in the Northeast monsoon (25/12/2013÷ 5/2/2014) of Baseline (KB0),
KB1, KB2, KB3 scenarios ............................................................................................................................. 63
Figure 2-26 Current roses at P1 in the Southwest monsoon (25/8/2014÷ 5/10/2014) of Baseline (KB0),
KB1, KB2, KB3 scenarios ............................................................................................................................. 64
Figure 2-27 Cross-sectional locations to check the impact of T-shaped breakwaters .............................. 65
Figure 2-28 Wave heights at section 1 of KB0, KB1, KB2 and KB3 scenarios ............................................. 65
Figure 2-29 Wave heights at section 2 of KB0, KB1, KB2 and KB3 scenarios ............................................. 65
Figure 2-30 Wave heights at section 3 of KB0, KB1, KB2 and KB3 scenarios ............................................ 66
Figure 2-31 Significat wave roses in the Northeast monsoon (25/12/2014 ÷ 5/2/2014) at P1 for KB0, KB1,
KB2 and KB3 scenarios ............................................................................................................................... 66
Figure 2-32 Significat wave roses in the Southwest monsoon (25/8/2014 ÷ 5/10/2014) at P1 for KB0,
KB1, KB2 and KB3 scenarios ....................................................................................................................... 67
Figure 2-33 Distribution of erosion and accretion after one month (January 2014) of scenarios (KB0 (a)
KB1 (b), KB2 (c), KB3 (d)) ............................................................................................................................ 69
Figure 2-34 Distribution of erosion and accretion after one month of Northeast monsoon (January 2014)
of scenarios (KB0 (a) KB1 (b), KB2 (c), KB3 (d)) – from Tieu River to Rach Bun sluice ............................... 70
Figure 2-35 Distribution of erosion and accretion after one month of Southwest monsoon (September
2014) of scenarios (KB0 (a) KB1 (b), KB2 (c), KB3 (d)) ................................................................................ 71
Figure 2-36 Distribution of erosion and accretion after one month of Southwest monsoon (September
2014) of scenarios (KB0 (a) KB1 (b), KB2 (c), KB3 (d)) - from Tieu River to Rach Bun sluice ...................... 72
Figure 2-37 The zoning to calculate erosion and accretion volume in the study area .............................. 73
METHODS, DATA AND USAGE MODELS
REVIEW
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-1 Distribution of surface currents in the East Sea
and the Gulf of Thailand during the northeast (left) and southwest (right) from the monitoring data
(Source: Wyrtki, 1961
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-2 Distribution of surface layer flow in the East Sea
in winter (left) and summer (right), Aw, Bw, Bs, and Cs show eddy currents (Source: Xu et al., 1982).
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-3 Conceptual model of erosion and accretion
regimes in the LMDCZ of Wolanski et al. (1996): a) during flood season, b) during dry season. The arrow
indicates the direction of sediment transport, the dark gray ellipse represents the accretion area, the
light gray ellipse indicates the area with the highest sediment concentration (after Hein et al., 2013).
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-4 The conceptual model of erosion and accretion
and sediment transport mechanism in the Mekong Delta region of Hein et al. (2013): a) characterising
for flood season, b) characterising for dry season. Gray ellipses represent the erosion areas, the dot
areas represent the accretion. Dark arrows indicate the direction of sediment transport on the surface
layer, the dashed arrows indicate the direction of sediment transport in the bottom layer.
METHODOLOGY
In order to achieve the objectives of the LMDCZ project, the main solution of the project is to use the
numerical models (Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-5) to simulate hydrodynamic
and morphologic regimes of the estuarine and coastal areas, verified by the in-situ survey data.
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-5 Model partitions
Model 1 (East Sea model) is a hydrodynamic model for the entire East Sea of Vietnam and the Gulf of
Thailand. The model used for this study area is the MIKE 21 Coupled FM with HD module
(hydrodynamic), SW (spectral wave). The purpose of model 1 is to simulate flow regime (tide, coastal
current) and wave regime to provide opening boundaries for smaller models (group 2).
The model group 2 (regional model) includes: (i) 1D for the Mekong river system and Saigon - Dong Nai,
and (ii) 2D for the study area from Ba Ria - Vung Tau to Cambodia. The results of these model are used
to extract the boundaries for the detailed model (model group 3). For the stand-alone 1D models, the
modules used will be MIKE 11 HD, AD. For standalone 2D models, the modules used are MIKE 21 FM HD,
SW and MT.
The model group 3 (detailed models) consists of detailed 2D models designed to study hydrodynamic
regime, sediment transport and morphological changes in the studied and adjacent areas. The modules
of the MIKE are used similarily to the regional model.
DATA
Bathemetry
The bathemetry used in this study was collected from different sources:
1. For the estuaries (Soai Rap, Cua Tieu, Cua Dai, Ba Lai, Ham Luong, Cung Hau, Co Chien, Tran De,
Dinh An) and coastal areas of Go Cong, Can Gio and Ganh Rai gulf, the bathemtry maps scale
1/5,000 were taken from the in-situ survey results in 2008, 2009, and 2010 in the baseline
survey projects, conducted by the Southern Institute of Water Resources Research (SIWRR) and
Institute of Coastal and Offshore Engineering (ICOE), (SIWRR, 2010) (ICOE, 2009), bathemetry
scale of 1/10,000 surveyed in 2012 within the the state-level project "Study on changes of
hydrodynamic and morphologic regimes impacted by the Vung Tau - Go Cong sea dyke project
"(SIWRR, 2014). The bathemtries of Go Cong and U Minh/ Phu Tan areas was surveyed in this
project.
2. For coastal areas in the area from Vung Tau to Bac Lieu, the bathemetry was taken from maps of
the Navy published in 1986 scale of 1/100,000.
3. For the West and East Coasts, maps of scale 1/50,000 in 2013 (as shown in Table Error! No text
of specified style in document.-1) are provided by the Vietnam Metrology and Mapping
Department (VMMD).
Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-1 Maps of scale of 1/50,000 provided by VMMD
No Map symbols No Map symbols
1 C-48-40-B 13 C-48-66-A
2 C-48-41-A 14 C-48-64-D
3 C-48-40-D 15 C-48-65-C
4 C-48-41-C 16 C-48-65-D
5 C-48-41-D 17 C-48-77-B
6 C-48-52-B 18 C-48-77-D
7 C-48-53-A 19 C-48-70-B
8 C-48-53-B 20 C-48-59-A
9 C-48-52-D 21 C-48-59-C
No Map symbols No Map symbols
10 C-48-53-C 22 C-48-47-D
11 C-48-64-B 23 C-48-48-C
12 C-48-65-A
4. The topography maps in other study areas of the East Sea of Vietnam is based on the
SRTM30_PLUS V8.0 data of the Scripps Oceanography Institution of University of California, Los
Angeles. This is a set of 30 "× 30" resolution data, constructed from a satellite-gravity model, in
which the gravity-to-topography ratio was corrected by 298 millions echo sounder points.
5. The river and canal cross-section profiles used in the 1D model was collected from available
sources at the SIWRR in previous projects.
Hydrology
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-6 Location of in-situ discharge measurement
stations in previous projects of SIWRR and ICOE
The LMDCZ project has inherited a fairly complete database on the flow and water levels of fixed
stations in the Mekong Delta (from Kratie downward) and Saigon - Dong Nai and Vam Co rivers. (from
Dau Tieng Dam on the Saigon River, Tri An Dam on the Dong Nai River, Phuoc Hoa on the Be River, Go
Dau Ha on Vam Co Dong River). These data have been collected up to 12/2013.
In addition, monitoring flows in previous projects in the downstream areas and river estuaries in recent
years have also been collected for model calibration (see Figure Error! No text of specified style in
document.-7 and
Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-2).
Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-2 Location and time of flow measurements from
other projects of SIWRR and ICOE
In LMDCZ project, discharges from two national stations (My Thuan, Can Tho) (see Figure Error! No text
of specified style in document.-9) are used.
The measured water levels are at the national hydrology stations, including Qui Nhon, Vung Tau, Phu
An, Nha Be, Vam Kenh, Binh Dai, An Thuan, Ben Trai, My Thanh, Ganh Hao and Ong Doc; offshore
stations such as Phu Qui, Con Dao and Phu Quoc; East Coast stations in other countries such as KoLak
(Thailand), Cindering (Malaysia), ... in recent years (2007 - 2014) have been collected and used to
calibrate and validate models.
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-7 Location of national water level stations in the
LMDCZ
In addition, predicted tide data using the global tide model FES2014 provided by AVISO are also used
for model calibration and verification. FES2014 is based on the solution of the two-dimensional
nonlinear shallow water equation system (T-UGO model) with data simulation and synchronization
methods, using the high-resolution global seabed database for finite element mesh of approx. 1.5
million nodes. The the model result data were synchronized with long-term water level variability data
from satellites (Topex / Poseidon, Jason-1, Jason-2, ERS-1, ERS-2 and ENVISAT). FES2014 is said to be
high accuracy even for coastal areas and continental shelf. FES2014 predicts water levels and tidal
currents based on 34 harmonic tide constants with a resolution of up to 1/16o (amplitude and phase).
Wind and wind field
Wind field and surface atmospheric pressure data are the most important input parameters for the
wave computing model. The wind field and atmospheric data used in this study were derived from the
results of the Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) of the Environmental Forecasting Center of the
Ocean and Atmosphere Authority of United States (NCEP / NOAA). These are the results of the wind
and pressure fields, obtained from the reanalysis, including the model modification with the measured
data from the global observation station system. This wind field data series are from 1979 to date with
a time step of 1 hour and the grid of 0.312o × 0.312o. This is a very good data set for wind field study.
In addition, monitoring data at Bach Ho station were collected to verify the results from the above CFSR
model.
Wave and current
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-8 Location of in-situ survey stations in the previous
projects of SIWRR and ICOE
The satellite data used to validate the East Sea wave model in this study was provided by French AVISO.
The used data is Ssalto / Duacs wave field product set, which is synthesized from many satellites such as
Jason-1 and -2, Topex / Poseidon, Envisat, GFO, ERS-1 and- 2, and Geosat. This data is only including
significant wave height, with a time step of 1 day, a fairly coarse 1o × 1o grid, and is available from
September 14, 2009 to date.
Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-3 Location of stations and monitoring time of wave
and current collected from previous projects of SIWRR, ICOE and GIZ.
In addition, simulation wave from the WAVEWATCH-III model were provided by NCEP / NOAA, with the
three main parameters of significant wave height (Hs), wave peak period (Tp) and wave direction (Dp)
for comparison.
In addition, observation data at Bach Ho station, as well as wave and current data, observed at short-
term stations in previous projects were collected (Figure Error! No text of specified style in
document.-8 and Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-3). The LMDCZ project has
conducted two in-situ survey campaigns of wave, current, salinity and SSC at two fixed stations (Go Cong
and U Minh) and above 180 mobile stations in East and West seas in October 2016 and February 2017
(see Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-9).
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-9 Location of the in-situ survey stations in LMDCZ
project
Sediment
In this study suspended sediment concentration data (SSC) at My Thuan and Can Tho stations were set
as boundary conditions for the models related to the Mekong estuaries. For the boundaries at the
estuaries of the Sai Gon - Dong Nai rivers, due to the lack of regular monitoring data, the SSC data were
constructed from the 1D mud transport model (MIKE11 AD) for major channels of Sai Gon – Dong Nai
river systems. The upper boundaries of this 1D model were constructed by averaging from observation
data of the baseline survey projects conducted by the Southern Institute of water resourcecs Planning
(SIWRP) and SIWRR in 2003- 2008 (SIWRP 2005, SIWRR 2009).
The SSC and shelfbed material grain sizes (such as D50) in the LMDCZ areas were analysed from the two
in-situ survey campaigns of the project.
MODEL SET UP, MODIFICATION AND VERIFICATION
Model set up
East sea model

Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-10 The scope, grid and boundaries of the East Sea
model
Regional models
1. 1D model
The 1D model (MIKE11) is the model of channel network in the Mekong River and the Dong Nai - Saigon
river system. This model is used to provide boundaries for detailed models.
The 1D model covers the main river system from Kratie to the East and West seas of LMD: Tonle Sap
lake and rivers; Vam Co Dong, Vam Co Tay, Sai Gon, Dong Nai rivers; all major canals and secondary
canals of the LMD and downstream of Dong Nai - Sai Gon; the saline and flood control works and fields
in the LMD. The upper model boundaries were flow in Kratie, the flow after the confluence of Ben Da -
Vam Co Dong stream on Vam Co Dong river, the Dau Tieng dam on Saigon River and the Tri An dam on
the Dong Nai river, Phuoc Hoa dam on Be river. The downstream boundaries were water levels and
salinity at the estuaries of Vung Tau, Vam Kenh, An Thuan, Ben Trai, My Thanh, Ganh Hao on the East
Sea and the Song Doc, Rach Gia and Xeo Ro in the West Sea. This model was based on of the available
existing model of SIWRR with updated information of canal cross sections, irrigation works and
infrastructure in recent years.
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-11 Scope, Grid of the regional Models
2. 2D models
The 2D models are used to extract boundaries for detailed models.
The boundary conditions at the river mouths are extracted from the 1D model as shown above. For the
offshore, boundary conditions are extracted from the East Sea model (wave, water level, current, ...)
from hydrodynamic and spectral wave models (HD, SW). For the sediment transport model (MT),
boundaries at the offshore sides are assigned "zero gradient".
The studied area models
Studied models were used to simulate hydrodynamic, sediment transport regimes and morphological
changes in Go Cong and adjacent coastal areas.
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-12 Scope and Grid of Studied Area Model Group
Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-4 The proposed measures in the studied area
BREAKWATER CONFIGURATION
Senario Distance Gap between

No SCENARIOS Crest elevation Note
description Lengh from two
of breakwater
(Ls)(m) shoreline breakwater
(m)
(Y)(m) (Lg)(m)
1 KB0 Baseline
T shape
2 KB1 600 300 30 2.2
breakwaters The crest
elevation of
T shape
3 KB2 600 300 50 2.2 cross shore
breakwaters
breakwater is
T shape +0.5 m
4 KB3 600 300 70 2.2
breakwaters
Model calibration and verification
The East sea model
The water level data include the measured and the predicted tide levels from the harmonic tide
constants of globle tide model FES2012. Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-13
shows the location of the 55 verification sites (P1 ÷ P55) with predicted tide as well as the locations
of the fixed tide level stations.
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-13 Location of verification sites of tidal model
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-14 Comparison of tide level from MIKE21 model
and global tide forecast model FES2012 at position P30.
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-15 Comparison of tide level from MIKE21 model
and global tide forecast model FES2012 at position P40.
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-16 Correlation of tide level from MIKE21 model
and global tide forecast model FES2012 at positions P30 and P40
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-17 Comparison of water level modeled by MIKE21
model and water level measured at Phu Qui station.
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-18 Comparison of water level modeled by MIKE21
model and water level measured at Con Dao station.
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-19 Comparison of wind data extracted from CFSR
model and data at Bach Ho station in 1996.
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-20 Comparisons of wave height simulated by
MIKE21 SW model and observation data at Bach Ho station in 1996.
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-21 Comparisons of wave direction simulated by
MIKE21 SW model and observation wave data at Bach Ho station in 1996.
1. Verification by satellite wave data and results of WAVEWATCH-III model
The location of the verification sites was chosen to ensure the spatial representation of the study area.
During the simulation period, there are two typhoons in the East Sea: (1) The storm PARMA occured
from October 3 to October 14, 2009, which is a complicated storm, before going to the inland it reached
level 17, and then weakened gradually to level 7; (2) Hurricane MIRINAE occured from 31/10 to
02/11/2009, the highest wind speed near the storm center is about 23 m/s (level 9).
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-22 Location of wave verification sites
The results shown in Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-23 show a high correlation
between the simulated wave generated by MIKE21 SW, WAVEWATCH-III and satellite observations. The
highest correlations were at points P1, P2 which were located in less affected areas by climate
disturbances caused by tropical cyclones in the East Sea. The results also show that satellite wave height
data were much smaller than expected wave height at storm times, such as early November 2009 when
storm MIRINAE with wind speed up to level 9 but the satellite observation wave heights were only 4.0 m
at the direct affected points P6, P7, and P8. Therefore, the difference between the model and the
observation data from satellites is greatest at storm time mentioned above. Another issue is that the
wind field data from the CFSR model does not describe well the wind field in storms and is usually small.
Therefore, when simulating the wave field in storm, the wind field and the atmospheric pressure field of
the area affected by the storm are usually constructed according to another theoretical method (Dinh
Van Manh et al., 2008; Vu Thi Thu Thuy, 2004; DHI, 2007e).
Comparison results between the MIKE21 SW and WAVEWATCH-III models shown in Figure Error! No
text of specified style in document.-24 and Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-25 also
show a high correlation of the two models.
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-23 Comparison of the wave height of the MIKE21
SW model and AVISO wave data and the results from the WAVEWATCH-III model at the verification
sites.
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-24 Comparison of maximum wave period from
MIKE21 SW model and AVISO wave data and the result from WAVEWATCH-III model at verification sites.
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-25 Comparisons of the maximum wave direction
calculated from the MIKE21 SW model and the results of the WAVEWATCH-III model at the verification
sites.
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-26 Comparison of wave height contours calculated
by MIKE21 SW model and observation data from satellites at 12h on 10/10/2009.
Validation of the MIKE21 SW model is also performed by comparing the calculated wave field and the
observed wave field from the satellite as well as the wave field simulated by the WAVEWATCH-III model
in the entire of the model domain. Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-26 expressed
the comparison of wave height contours calculated by MIKE21 SW model (solid line) and observation
data from the satellite (dotted line) at 12h on October 12, 2009, the time of storm PARMA occured.
Because the resolution of the two data is very different, namely the calculated data from the MIKE21
SW model is much finer than the satellite wave data, the difference between the contour lines is
inevitable. However, it is still possible to see a fairly consistent distribution of the wave field between
the two data. Again, in the area near the storm center, the model wave height results were higher than
the ones from satellite observations.
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-27 also shows a high correlation between the wave
field distribution predicted by MIKE 21 SW model and WAVEWATCH-III model.
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-27 Comparison of the wave height contours
calculated by MIKE21 SW model and the WAVEWATCH-III model at 18h on 11/10/2009.
Regional models and studied models
1. Water level calibration and verification
The results of calibration and verification of the model with the water level measured at estuaries in
August and September 2009 are presented in figures, from Figure Error! No text of specified style in
document.-28 to Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-32. The results show fairly high
similarity between measured data and simulation results.
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-28 Comparison of calculated and measured water
levels at Dinh An, Co Chien and Ham Luong stations (September 2009).
levels at Cua Tieu and Cua Dai stations (9/2009)
levels at Dong Tranh, Nga Bay and Thi Vai stations (August 2009).
levels at Ong Doc and Rach Gia stations (September 2009)
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-32 Compare computed and observed water levels
at national stations in 2014
2. Calibration and verification results of flow (discharges and currents)

The results of calibration and verification of discharges and current at estuaries in August and
September 2009 are presented from Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-33 to Figure
Error! No text of specified style in document.-41. The results show a high correlation between
measured data and simulated results.
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-33 Comparison of discharges (Q) at Tran De, Dinh
An, Ham Luong esturaries (9/2009)
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-34 Comparison of discharges (Q) at Co Chien, Cua
Dai and Cua Tieu esturaries (9/2009)
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-35 Comparison of discharges (Q) at Soai Rap, Dong
Tranh and Long Tau esturaries (9/2009)
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-36 Comparison of velocity components at Dinh An
station (8/2009.
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-37 Comparison of water levels and velocity
components at SR1 (08/2009).
components at SG1 - 03/2012.
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-41Comparison of water levels and velocity
components at BR-VT1 (10/2009).
3. Calibration and verification results of waves

Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-42 The comparison of the significant wave height
of obsered and calculated data at fixed stations (Go Cong and U Minh) during the southwest monsoon
October 2016
of obsered and calculated data at fixed stations (Go Cong and U Minh) during the northeast monsoon
February 2017
of obsered and calculated data at mobile stations during the southwest monsoon (October 2016)
of obsered and calculated data at mobile stations during the northeast monsoon (February 2017)
4. Calibration and verification results of sediment transport

Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-46 to Figure Error! No text of specified style in
document.-48 expessed the comparison of SSC simulated and observed data in 2009 and in 2012 at
Mekong estuaries and Saigon-Dong Nai estuaries.
document.-51 present comparison of SSC distribution in the coastal area between the analysis results
and the satellite images of the Kalicotier project at different times in Southwest monsoon (26/7/2009)
and Northeast monsoon (06/12/2009 and 24/02/2010). It can be seen the good simulation for seasonal
sediment transport.
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-46 Comparison of SSC simulated and observed
data in 2009 at Mekong estuaries
data in 2012 at Saigon-Dong Nai estuaries
data in 2012 at coastal locations.
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-49 Sediment distribution at 10h 26/7/2009
(southwest monsoon) according to satellite image analysis (left) and simulation result (right).
(northeast monsoon) according to satellite image analysis (left) and simulation result (right)
(northeast monsoon) according to satellite image analysis (left) and simulation result (right)
SIMULATION RESULTS
Current regimes
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-52 shows the simulation results current field at
falling tide of 21h 5/9/2014, (a) and rising tide of 7h 6/9/2014 (b) in the West Sea. The below figures are
shown the currents at P2 (in the West Sea) and P1 (in the East Sea). These current lines again show the
difference between the tidal regime of the West Sea (prone to diurnal tides) and the East Sea (semi-
diurnal tides). The coastal area from An Minh (Kien Giang) to Ca Mau cape, current are highest both at
falling tide and rising tide with its direction almost parallel to the shoreline. The maximum current in the
West Sea is about 0.3÷0.4 m/s.
(a) (b)
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-52 Simulation results of the current at falling tide
(a) and rising tide (b) in the West Sea.
document.-57 presented the results of monthly average flows of the southwest monsoon and northeast
monsoon months. The results show flow directions are divided into two distinct seasons, namely the
southwest monsoon with flows from west to east, and in this period the highest average flow of 0.1 ÷
0.2 (m/s) at the West Sea, focusing on the months 8 and 9. The north-east monsoon, flow direction is
from east to west with the maximum monthly mean flow is about 0.5÷0.6 (m/s), which is concentrated
in November, December and January.
The average flow analysis was initially aimed at identifying the trend of sediment transport in the
LMDCZ area.
In the East Sea, during the southwest monsoon, the average current is southwest - northeast and vice
versa during the northeast monsoon. Due to the strong winds and high frequency of occurrence, in the
northeast monsoon the average current intensity in this period is also much higher than that in the
southwest monsoon. In the West Sea, the average current direction is north-south in the southwest
monsoon and vice versa in the northeast monsoon, but the average current is much weaker than in the
East Sea, even during the southwest monsoon season.
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-53 Average current in July 2014
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-54 Average current in September 2014
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-55 Average current in November 2014
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-56 Average current in December 2014
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-57 Average current in January 2015
(a) 9/2014 (b) 1/2015

Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-58 The simulation results of monthly average for
(a) southwest monsoon and (b) northeast monsoon.
(a) U Minh cross-section
(b) Tra Vinh cross-section

Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-59 Distribution of the monthly average flow in
September 2014 and January 2015 on the cross-section of U Minh (a) and Tra Vinh (b)
Wave regimes
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-60 expressed the typical wave fields of the
southwest and northeast monsoon periods. During the southwest monsoon, the eastern coastal area
lies in the hidden area of the wind direction so the waves are small. Wave height at P1 in Tra Vinh
coastal area during this period was only 0.2 - 1.5 m. Wave direction in this period is usually south and
southeast offshore, south-east in the near shore. During the northeast monsoon, the wave height at P1
is about 0.5 - 3.5 m, the frequency of wave occurrence during the Northeast monsoon is also greater
than that during the southwest monsoon. The seasonal wave regime at P2 in U Minh (in West Sea) is
opposite of P1 in the East Sea, the wave height in the southwest monsoon is about 0.5 - 2.0 m, much
larger than the one in the northeast monsoon with the wave height is only 0.2 -1.0 m. Coastal waves
roses along the LMD are also shown in Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-61.
(a) (b)
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-60 Distribution of the wave field in the regional
area, characterized by (a) the southwest monsoon and (b) the northeast monsoon seasons (bellows are
significant wave height at positions P1 and P2, the extract wave points are corresponding to the wave
fields above).
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-61 Wave roses in 2014-2015 at locations along the
coastal areas of the LMD
Sediment transport and morphological changes
In the East Sea side
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-62 shows the relationship between coastal
sediment and coastal flows with climatic conditions, upstream hydrological regime (flow and sediment),
and marine hydrodynamics (waves, stresses bottom) with a one-year climate cycle.
The southwest monsoon
The southwest monsoon is also the rainy season, which has the most abundant sediment source from
rivers in the year, during which the flood season from July to October is considered the period of
supplying sediment mainly for coastal areas. At the same time, the wind direction of this monsoon is
opposite to the direction of the coastline of the East Coast. Therefore, the role of waves in coastal
processes of this season is weak. This is clearly illustrated in the wave distribution graph and the bottom
shear stress caused by the flow and wave in Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-62.
During the southwest monsoon, sediment from estuaries formed a sediment flume on the shallow shelf.
In the period from June to mid-October, residual currents due to the wind is southwest-northeast
direction (Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-60a). Therefore, the direction of
sediment transport is also in this direction until the end of October and then reversed due to the impact
of northeast monsoon. Simulation results for sediment distribution and morphological changes show
that during southwest monsoon period accretion occurs and erosion occurs less frequently.
1. The northeast monsoon
During the northeast monsoon, the wind directions are usually Northeast, East Northeast and East,
which are mainly northeast and east northeast. With the higher frequency of occurrence, the wind
speed is also much higher than other directions, the wind direction is almost perpendicular to the
coastline of East Sea, so it can be determined the Northeast wind is the main wind which causes the
erosion in this area.
The bottom shear stress of this period is much larger than that of the southwest monsoon. For this
reason, although the dry season, flow and sediment from the rivers are the lowest, the SSC of the
coastal area is still very high (Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-62). In addition, the
residual currents during this period are northeast - southeast direction and are much stronger than the
southwest monsoon (Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-60). These are evidences that
the waves caused by the northeast monsoon excavated and re-suspended most of the sediment
deposited during the southwest monsoon, creating a coastal current, along with tidal currents and sea
currents, the sediment transports southward. This is the main direction of sediment transport on the
coastal strip from Ho Chi Minh City to Ca Mau. During this period, a part of the sediment with the tidal
currents flew back to river mouths and caused accretion there (Figure Error! No text of specified style in
document.-63).
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-62 Correlation of sediment changes in estuaries
with different seasons, upstream hydrology (flow, sediment), coastal hydrodynamics (residual current,
wave, bottom shear stress) with climate year cycle.
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-63 Distribution of sediments in the LMDCZ at
August (a), October (b), November (c), January (d), April (e) and June (f)
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-64 Distribution of coastal erosion at (a) end of July,
(b) October, (c) November, and (d) end of April
In the West Sea side
Unlike the coastal areas of the East Sea, the West Coast is less directly affected by the flow regime and
sediment from the Mekong and Dong Nai river systems. The two major drivers of hydrodynamics,
sediment transport and morphological changes in this area are tidal currents, waves and currents
caused by wind.
During the southwest monsoon, wind direction and wave direction are almost directly to the shoreline.
The energy of the waves excavated the shore and resuspended the deposited sediments and this is the
direct cause of coastal erosion in the west sea. As illustrated in Figure Error! No text of specified style in
document.-64a, the SSC in the coastal zone from Hon Dat to Ca Mau in the period is very high, including
the Rach Gia shallow area. The coastal currents due to wind in the area are north – south dirrection, but
due to the small intensity, only a small part of sediment transports from Ca Mau towards the East Sea.
Most of sediment excavated by waves were transported by the tidal currents and deposited outside,
partially transported and deposited within the inland coastal canal system.
During the northeast monsoon, the West Coast is a hidden to the wind direction. Due to weak waves,
low SSC, erosion hardly occurs.
Hydrodynamics and sediment transport at Go Cong with protection measures
Protection measure scenarios
One of the protection measures at Go Cong is T breakwater and its configuration is presented in Figure
Error! No text of specified style in document.-65 and Table Error! No text of specified style in
document.-5.
Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-5 Protection measure configurations
BREAKWATER CONFIGURATION
Senario Distance Gap between

No SCENARIOS Crest elevation Note
description Lengh from two
of breakwater
(Ls)(m) shoreline breakwater
(m)
(Y)(m) (Lg)(m)
1 KB0 Baseline
T shape
2 KB1 600 300 30 2.2
breakwaters The crest
elevation of
T shape
3 KB2 600 300 50 2.2 cross shore
breakwaters
breakwater is
T shape +0.5 m
4 KB3 600 300 70 2.2
breakwaters
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-65 Detail meshes and protection measure of T
shape breakwaters
Simulation results of the non-measure at Go Cong

1. Flow regime at estuaries
With two southwest and northeast wind seasons in the area, there are two hydrological seasons
upstream: the flood season and the dry season. On the river system of Sai Gon - Dong Nai, the main
stream flows have been significantly regulated by upstream reservoirs, thus limitedly affecting the
estuaries and tidal flow is dominated.
On the Mekong River, about 80-85% of water and 90-95% of sediments are drained to the sea every
year in the flood season (Vu Kien Trung et al., 2011). In this flood season, river flows are prevailing in
estuarine and neighboring areas. In the dry season, the influence from the sea (tide) predominates.
The impact of tides on the flow regime at estuaries is very high. With a tidal amplitude of 2-4 m, the flow
velocity at the river mouth can reach up to 1.35 m/s at rising tide and 1.65 m/s at the falling tide (Figure
Error! No text of specified style in document.-66). Interference between out and inflows at estuaries
has formed areas of small velocity, contributing to the convex coastal line in the area.
(a) (b)
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-66 Distribution of current field at the estuarine and
coastal studied area (a) at the falling tide and (b) at the rising tide (belows are the water level and
current at Soai Rap at extracting time and corresponding to current field above)
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-67 Extraction location in the detailed area for
analysis
The current roses at the locations P1 ÷ P4 is shown in Figure Error! No text of specified style in
document.-68 and Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-69. The currents along the
coast of Go Cong are strongly influenced by Soai Rap and Cua Tieu Rivers. Therefore, the flow direction
is mainly north and northwest at rising tide and south and southeast at falling tides. In this area, current
values in the Southwest monsoon are higher than that in the Northeast monsoon.
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-68 Current roses at positions P1 ÷ P4 with
computational time period is from 25/8/2014 to 5/10/2014
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-69 Current roses at positions P1 ÷ P4 with
computational time period is from 25/12/2013 to 5/2/2014
2. Wave regimes
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-70 and Figure Error! No text of specified style in
document.-71 shows the results of wave calculated at positions P1 ÷ P4 (see Figure 2 20). This result
again shows that the wave height during the Northeast monsoon (from 25/12/2013 to 5/2/2014) is
much higher than the one in the southwest monsoon (25/8/2014 ÷ 10/10/2014). The wave roses at P1 ÷
P4 in Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-73 shows that during the southwest
monsoon the wave height of <0.1 m is more than 90% while is only about 10% to 25% in the northeast
monsoon. Wave height of 0.2 m is only about 2% during the southwest monsoon and 40% in the
northeast monsoon. This means shoreline erosion due to waves during the northeast is much higher
than that during the southwest monsoon. According to this result, wave directions nearshore are
predominantly east and southeast. In other words, these are two possible waves dirrections that have
the greatest potential to impact on shore erosion in the study area.
document.-75 show the distribution of wave height and wave direction at specific times in the
southwest and northeast monsoon seasons. The waves are concentrated in the coastal area from Tan
Thanh to Soai Rap, as well as at the serious erosion sites south of the Tieu and Dai estuaries in the
northeast monsoon.
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-70 Wave roses at P1 and P2 in the northeast
monsoon (January 2014)
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-71 Wave roses at P3 and P4 in the northeast
monsoon (January 2014)
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-72 Wave roses at P1 and P2 in the southwest
monsoon (September / 2014)
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-73 Wave roses at P3 and P4 in the southwest
monsoon (September / 2014)
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-74 Northeast monsoon wave distribution field
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-75 Southwest monsoon wave distribution field
Simulation results of the impact of protection scenarios
Current impact
document.-77 illustrates the efficiency of breakwaters in reducing the flow velocity. It can be seen that
the breakwaters has significantly reduced the velocity at P1 in terms of both the intensity and the
duration of the high velocity. All scenarios increase the flow rate of less than 0.1 m/s to over 90% for
both northeast and southwest monsoon. The difference between the scenarios can be seen by flow
percentage less than 0.1 m/s reduced as the distance between the two breakwaters increases.
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-76 Current roses at P1 in the Northeast monsoon
(25/12/2013÷ 5/2/2014) of Baseline (KB0), KB1, KB2, KB3 scenarios
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-77 Current roses at P1 in the Southwest monsoon
(25/8/2014÷ 5/10/2014) of Baseline (KB0), KB1, KB2, KB3 scenarios
Wave impact results
In order to consider the effect of wave reduction between T-shaped breakwaters, sections as shown in
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-78 are presented for analysis. The distance
between the cross section 1 and section 2 is 50 m. The effect of wave reduction between the scenarios
in sections 1, 2 and 3 is shown in Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-79 to Figure
Error! No text of specified style in document.-81. It can be recognised dramatic change between the
baseline (KB0) scenario and protection scenarios. The wave heights at the section 1, 2 in the northeast
monsoon of KB0 are about 1 ÷ 1.2m. After protection by breakwaters, the wave height between the two
breakwaters are reduced to less than 0.6m.
The effect of wave reduction between scenarios are different. The smaller gap between the breakwaters
(Lg), the better the wave reduction effect. In this study, the reduction effect of KB3 (Lg = 30m) was
highest compared to Lg = 50m (KB2) and Lg = 70m (KB3). However, considering the significant wave
height in section 3 (Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-81), with KB3 (Lg = 70m) wave
height higher than 0.6m was about 50m from breakwater landward. Therefore, in order to achieve the
target of wave reduction of Hs<0.6 m, Lg should not be higher than 70m if not using additional measures
to combine such as bamboo fence for wave reduction inside the breakwater.
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-78 Cross-sectional locations to check the impact of
T-shaped breakwaters
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-79 Wave heights at section 1 of KB0, KB1, KB2 and
KB3 scenarios
KB3 scenarios
KB3 scenarios
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-82 Significat wave roses in the Northeast monsoon
(25/12/2014 ÷ 5/2/2014) at P1 for KB0, KB1, KB2 and KB3 scenarios
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-83 Significat wave roses in the Southwest
monsoon (25/8/2014 ÷ 5/10/2014) at P1 for KB0, KB1, KB2 and KB3 scenarios
The North East monsoon wave fields between scenarios ((a) Baseline (KB0), (b) KB1, (c) KB2, (d) KB3)
Impact on morphology
The morphological change with KB0 ÷ KB3 scenarios after 1 month of simulation of the Northeast
monsoon (25/12/2013 ÷ 5/2/2014) were presented in Figure Error! No text of specified style in
document.-84 and Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-85. Even during the Northeast
monsoon, the breakwater impacts is quite clear. The difference between the gap of two breakwaters
(Lg) is not much.
The accretion impact is clearer after 1 month of simulation of the southwest monsoon (25/8/2014 ÷
5/10/2014) as expressed in Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-86 and Figure Error!
No text of specified style in document.-87.
For erosion and accretion analysis, the study area is seprated into two regions (Figure Error! No text of
specified style in document.-88). Region 1 is from the shoreline to 2km offshore. Region 2 is the rest of
the study area. The calculation results of erosion and accretion volume after 1 month in the Northeast
and Southwest monsoon are presented in Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-6 and
Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-7.
Tác động gây bồi vùng 1 trong mùa Đông Bắc tăng cao khi có công trình với tổng khối lượng bồi vùng
tính toán 1 thay đổi từ 0,39, 0.48, 0.48 và 0.47 (triệu khối) tương ứng với phương án hiện trạng, KB1,
KB2 và KB3. Hiện tượng xói lở bờ vùng tính 1 đã không còn khi xây dựng công trình, khối lượng xói thời
kỳ này giảm mạnh từ 1.07 triệu khối xuống 0.81 (triệu khối), xuống 0,81 (triệu khối) và xuống 0.79 ( triệu
khối) tương ứng với các kịch bản hiện trạng, KB1, KB2 và KB3.
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-84 Distribution of erosion and accretion after one
month (January 2014) of scenarios (KB0 (a) KB1 (b), KB2 (c), KB3 (d))
month of Northeast monsoon (January 2014) of scenarios (KB0 (a) KB1 (b), KB2 (c), KB3 (d)) – from Tieu
River to Rach Bun sluice
month of Southwest monsoon (September 2014) of scenarios (KB0 (a) KB1 (b), KB2 (c), KB3 (d))
month of Southwest monsoon (September 2014) of scenarios (KB0 (a) KB1 (b), KB2 (c), KB3 (d)) - from
Tieu River to Rach Bun sluice
Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-88 The zoning to calculate erosion and accretion
volume in the study area
Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-6 Total acretion and erosion in study area after one
month in the Northeast monsoon (25/12/2013 ÷ 5/2/2014) of scenarios
January 2014
Region 2 Region 1
(106 m3) (106 m3)
Scenarios
Acretion Erosion Acretion Erosion
Volume Volume Volume Volume
Baseline 11.06 -17.63 0.39 -1.07
BW-G30 (KB1) 11.34 -17.71 0.48 -0.81
BW-G50 (KB2) 12.24 -17.71 0.48 -0.81
BW-G70 (KB3) 11.34 -17.74 0.47 -0.79

Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-7 Total acretion and erosion in study area after one
month in the Southwest monsoon (25/8/2014 ÷ 5/10/2014)
September 2014
Region 2 Region 1
(106 m3) (106 m3)
Scenarios
Acretion Erosion Acretion Erosion
Volume Volume Volume Volume
Baseline 34.4229 -11.7568 0.7560 -0.1640
BW-G30 (KB1) 34.4080 -11.7638 0.7946 -0.1713
BW-G50 (KB2) 34.4075 -11.7641 0.7881 -0.1678
BW-G70 (KB3) 34.3827 -11.7644 0.7823 -0.1676

CONCLUSION AND RECOMENDATION

BÁO CÁO TỔNG HỢP
Dự án:
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REPORT OF MIKE MODELS for WP5,6 of

1. METHODS, DATA AND USAGE MODELS 7

1.3.3 Wind and wind field 14

1.3.4 Wave and current 14

1.4 MODEL SET UP, MODIFICATION AND VERIFICATION 17

1.4.1 Model set up 17

1.4.2 Model calibration and verification 20

2.1 Current regimes 44

2.2 Wave regimes 48

2.3 Sediment transport and morphological changes 50

2.3.1 In the East Sea side 50

2.3.2 In the West Sea side 54

2.4 Hydrodynamics and sediment transport at Go Cong with protection measures 54

2.4.1 Protection measure scenarios 55

2.4.2 Simulation results of the impact of protection scenarios 62

CONCLUSION AND RECOMENDATION 75

Table 1-1 Maps of scale of 1/50,000 provided by VMMD ......................................................................... 11

Table 1-4 The proposed measures in the studied area .............................................................................. 20

Table 2-1 Protection measure configurations ............................................................................................ 55

Figure 1-5 Model partitions........................................................................................................................ 10

Figure 1-11 Scope, Grid of the regional Models......................................................................................... 19

Figure 1-13 Location of verification sites of tidal model ............................................................................ 21

Figure 1-22 Location of wave verification sites .......................................................................................... 24

Figure 1-36 Comparison of velocity components at Dinh An station (8/2009........................................... 34

Figure 2-2 Average current in July 2014 ..................................................................................................... 45

Figure 2-3 Average current in September 2014 ......................................................................................... 46

Figure 2-4 Average current in November 2014 .......................................................................................... 46

Figure 2-5 Average current in December 2014 .......................................................................................... 47

Figure 2-6 Average current in January 2015 .............................................................................................. 47

Figure 2-16 Extraction location in the detailed area for analysis............................................................... 57

Figure 2-23 Northeast monsoon wave distribution field ........................................................................... 61

Figure 2-24 Southwest monsoon wave distribution field .......................................................................... 62

METHODS, DATA AND USAGE MODELS

Figure Error! No text of specified style in document.-5 Model partitions

No Map symbols No Map symbols

No Map symbols No Map symbols

Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-2).

Wind and wind field

Wave and current

East sea model

Senario Distance Gap between

Model calibration and verification

The East sea model

1. Verification by satellite wave data and results of WAVEWATCH-III model

Regional models and studied models

1. Water level calibration and verification

2. Calibration and verification results of flow (discharges and currents)

3. Calibration and verification results of waves

4. Calibration and verification results of sediment transport

(a) 9/2014 (b) 1/2015

(a) U Minh cross-section

(b) Tra Vinh cross-section

Sediment transport and morphological changes

In the East Sea side

In the West Sea side

Protection measure scenarios

Table Error! No text of specified style in document.-5 Protection measure configurations

Senario Distance Gap between

Simulation results of the non-measure at Go Cong

1. Flow regime at estuaries

Simulation results of the impact of protection scenarios

Wave impact results

Baseline 11.06 -17.63 0.39 -1.07