VII Mathematics CBSE

Chapter-1 (INTEGERS) [Key Notes]

 Integer is bigger collection of numbers.

 Working with integers is somewhat different from whole numbers because it also includes negative
numbers.

 All properties and operations will be same for integers but will differ only in placing sign to answer.
Sign may be positive or negative.

 If you are adding or subtracting the integers then sign of larger number will be the final sign. I will
explain the rules for multiplication and division.

 It includes all whole numbers and all negative numbers.

 It means Integers = Whole Numbers + Negative Numbers.

 Whole numbers are collection of all positive numbers including 0.

 It means Whole Numbers = Natural Numbers + 0.

What have you learned in Class VI?

 Concept of number line.
 Representation of integers on number line.
 Ascending and descending order of integers.

Properties of Integers
Closure
 Integers have closure property under both addition and subtraction.
 Means Integer + Integer = Integer and Integer - Integer = Integer.

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Other
Commutative: Integers are commutative for addition but not for subtraction.

To understand this property let us suppose that a and b are integers then

a+b=b+a but a - b is not equal to b – a

For example if a = 5 and b = -5 then

a + b = 5 + (-5) = 5 – 5 = 0 and also

b + a = -5 + 5 = 0.

Associative: Integers are associative for addition but not for subtraction.

To understand this property let us suppose that a, b and c are integers then

(a + b) + c = a + (b + c)

For example if a = 5, b = 2 and c = 4 then

(a + b) + c = (5 + 2) + 4 = 7 + 4 = 11 and also

a + (b + c) = 5 + (2 + 4) = 5 + 6 = 11.

Distributive: Integers are distributive for addition and multiplication.

To understand this property let us suppose that a, b and c are integers then

a x (b + c) = (a x b) + (a x c)

For example if a = 5, b = 2 and c = 4 then

a x (b + c) = 5 x (2 + 4) = 5 x 6 = 30 and also

(a x b) + (a x c) = (5 x 2) + (5 x 4) = 10 + 20 = 30.

Multiplication of Integers

 If we have two integers and one of which is negative then result will be negative.

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 If both numbers are negative then result will be positive.

 It means a x -5 = -5a and –a x -5= 5a.
 Multiplication is commutative.
 If we have more than two numbers to multiply then:
 Result will have negative sign if number of negative integers are odd.
 Result will have positive sign if number of negative integers are even.

Division of Integers
 If we have two numbers and one of which is negative then result will be negative.
 If both numbers are negative then result will be positive.
 Division is not commutative.

 Division is not commutative.

Identity
Identity means number which will be operated to original number to get that same number.

 Additive identity of integers is 0.

 Multiplicative identity is 1.