1.

A chef heated a bowl of soup of 30°C to 45°C, what is the change in temperature in the
Fahrenheit scale?
a. 15°F b. 27°F c. 30°F d. 42°F

SOLUTION:
△TC = 5/9 (△TF)
△TF = 9/5 (△TC)
△TF = 9/5 (45°C - 30°C)
△TF = 27°F Answer: B

2. A new temperature scale is being developed in a certain laboratory. On this new scale, the
freezing point of water and the boiling point of water are 150°X and 300°X, respectively. What is
the temperature in the Fahrenheit scale that is equivalent to 470°X?
a. 200°C b. 206.7°C c. 213.3°C d. 219.8°C

{
SOLUTION: 470° T
X (°C)
170° △
X ¯

{
300° BP 100°
X C
150° 100°
X C

|
150° FP 0°
X C

From the figure, use ratio and proportion

|
△T 100°𝐶
=
170°𝑋 150°𝑋
△T = 113.3°C

|
T(°C) = 100°C + △T
T(°C) = 100°C + 113.33°C
T(°C) = 213.33°C Answer: C

|
}
3. What is the new length of a bar made of pure gold at 75°C if it has a length of 0.3 meters at
10°C?
a. 3.00273 m b. 3.0273 m c. 3.00385 m d. 3.0385 m

SOLUTION:
For pure gold, the coefficient of linear expansion for a temperature between 0°C
and 100°C is 14 x 10-6 / °C

△T = αLO △T
△T = (14 x 10-6 / °C) (0.3 m) (75°C -10°C)
△T = 0.00273 meters
L = αLO △L = 0.3 + 0.00273
L = 3.00273 meters Answer: A

4. A steel tank is filled with 15 gallons of gasoline when the temperature is 22°C. The tank and the
gasoline inside are then heated by Sun’s rays to a temperature of 40°C. How much of the
gasoline will spill from the tank? (βgasoline= 0.95 x 10-3)
a. 0.1389 gallons b. 0.1938 gallons c. 0.2479 gallons d. 0.2565 gallons

SOLUTION:
After heated by the sun’s rays, both the steel tank and the gasoline will expand.
Initially, they have the same volume. However, after raising the temperature the
gasoline will expand much more
For steel:
△ VSTEEL = βVO △T
Β = 3α = 3(11 x 10-6 / °C) = 33 x 10-6 / °C
△ VSTEEL = (33 x 10-6 / °C) (15 gallons) (40°C - 22°C)
△ VSTEEL = 8.91 x 10-3 gallons

For gasoline:
△ VGASOLINE = βVO △T
△ VGASOLINE = (0.95 x 10-3 / °C) (15 gallons) (40°C - 22°C)
△ VGASOLINE = 0.2565 gallons

For spillage:
△ VSPILLAGE = βVO △T
△ VSPILLAGE = 0.2565 gallons - 8.91 x 10-3 gallons
△ VSPILLAGE = 0.2479 gallons Answer: C
5. What is the increase in temperature necessary for a hydrogen gas, initially at 0°C, to increase
its volume by 5% at constant pressure?
a. 4.5°C b. 7.8°C c. 12.5°C d. 13.7°C

SOLUTION:

For gases, the coefficient of volume expansion is typically 3.66 x 10-3 / °C. To
solve for the change in temperature necessary, use this formula for gases

1△V
△T =
𝛽𝑉
1
△T = 0.05
3.66 × 10−3 / °𝐶
△T = 13.7°C Answer: C

6. On a very hot day in Manila, an oil tanker loaded 50,000 liters of fuel. It traveled to Baguio,
which was 20 K colder than Manila. How many liters were delivered to Baguio
(βgasoline= 0.95 x 10-3)?
a. 49,000 liters b. 49,050 liters c. 50,950 liters d. 51,000 liters

SOLUTION:
Since the initial temperature (in Manila) is higher compared to the final
temperature (in Baguio), the volume should decrease.

△V = βVO △T
△V = (0.95 x 10-3 / °C) (50,000 liters) (0-20)
△V = -950 liters
V = VO + △V = 50,000 + (-950)
V = 49,050 liters Answer: B

7. For breakfast, a 100-kg student ate 2 slices of bacon (35 Calories each), scrambled egg (75
Calories) and 2 pieces of bread (70 Calories each). Aside from that, he also drank 1 glass of milk
(165 Calories). Believing that this is getting him fat, he wishes to do an equivalent amount of
work at school by using the stair on his way to the classrooms. Assuming that one step of the
stairways is 0.2 meters, how many steps must he make?
a. 5000 steps b. 6500 steps c. 8000 steps d. 9600 steps
 SOLUTION:

This problem can be solved by getting the total energy content of the food that
the student ate and equating this value to the total potential energy expended
in using the stairs.

Energy content (food) = 2 (35 Cal) + 75 Cal + 2(70 Cal) + 165 Cal
Energy content (food) = 450 Cal
1 Cal = 1000 cal = 4186 J
4186 𝐽
Energy content (food) = 450 Cal x
1 𝐶𝑎𝑙
= 1883.7 kJ
Let n = number of steps
Potential energy in using stairs = 1883.7 kJ
(mgh) n = 1883.7 kJ
2
(100 kg) (9.81 m/s ) (0.2 m) n = 1883.7 kJ
N = 9600 steps Answer: D

8. How much heat (calories) is required to raise the temperature of 5 liters of acetone from 20°C to
40°C? (Density of acetone is 0.58 grams per cubic centimeter; specific heat of methyl alcohol is
2118 J/kg-deg)
a. 25 kcal b. 29 kcal c. 32 kcal d. 40 kcal

SOLUTION:
To solve for the heat required to change the temperature of acetone, the mass
of acetone is required. Solve first for the mass using the value of density and
volume.

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
Density =
𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒
Mass = volume x density
1 liter = 1000 cm3
Mass = (5000cm3) x (0.58 g/cm3)
Mass = 2900 g
Q = mcΔT
Q = (2.9kg)(2118 J/kg°C)(40°C – 20°C)
Q = 122,844 J
Q = 122,844 J x 1 cal / 4.186 J
Q = 29,346 cal Answer: D
9. A tank contains 2.0 kg of water at 25°C. Into this tank, a person dropped a 0.90-kg piece of metal
that has a temperature of 75°C. What will be the equilibrium temperature of the mixture?
(Specific heat of the metal is 448 J/kg-deg)
a. 27.3°C b. 29.5°C c. 34.6°C d. 38.1°C

SOLUTION:
Since the metal is at a higher temperature, placing it inside a container with cold
water will make its temperature drop while increasing the temperature of the
water. Therefore, the metal transfers heat to the water.

-QHOT BODY = QCOLD BODY

-QMETAL = QWATER
-mMETAL cMETAL ΔTMETAL = mWATER cWATER ΔTWATER
-(0.9) (449) (T - 75) = (2.0) (4186) (T – 25)
T = 27.3°C Answer: A

10. A glass beaker has a mass of 200 g and a heat capacity of 0.2 kcal/kg-°C. After 500 g of water is
poured into the beaker, the system is allowed to reach a temperature of 25°C. Next, 400 g of
ethyl alcohol (heat capacity of 0.572 kcal/kg-°C) at 70°C is poured into the beaker. If there are no
heat losses from the beaker-water-alcohol system, what will be the final temperature?
a. 38.4°C b. 40.2°C c. 42.4°C d. 45.8°C

SOLUTION:
Consider the glass beaker and the water as one system with the same low initial
temperature. The other system/substance is the ethyl alcohol. After adding the
high temperature ethyl alcohol to the glass beaker and water system , the two
systems should reach an equilibrium temperature.

-Qhot body = Qcold body

-Qalcohol = Qglass + water
-malcohol calcohol ΔTalcohol = mglass cglass ΔTglass + mwater cwater ΔTwater
-(400) (0.572) (T – 70) = (200) (0.2) (T – 25) + (500) (1) (T – 25)
T = 38.4°C Answer: A
11. How much heat is required to raise the temperature of 1 mol of nitrogen gas by 1 degree at
constant pressure? ( Cp = 1037 J/kg-°C; Cv = 739 J/kg-°C)
a. 25 J b. 29 J c. 38 J d. 45 J

SOLUTION:
𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠
n =
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡
mass = molecular weight x n
mass = (28 g/mol ) x (1 mol) = 28 g
QP = mcP ΔT
QP = (0.028 kg) (1037 J/kg °C) (1°C)
QP = 29.0 J Answer: A

12. How much heat is required to transform a 500 gram ice at -15°C into liquid water at 55°C?
a. 280 kJ b. 292 kJ c. 304 d. 453 kJ

SOLUTION:
Heat needed to raise the temperature of ice from 15°C to 0°C (Q1);
Q1 = mcice ΔT
Q1 = (0.5kg) (0.5) (4.186 kJ/kg°C) (0°C – (-10°C))
Q1 = 10.47

Heat needed to melt the ice water at 0°C (Q2);

Q2 = mLf
Q2 = (0.5 kg)(333 kJ/kg)
Q2 = 166.5 kJ

Heat needed to raise the temperature of water from 0°C to 55°C (Q3);
Q3 = mcwater ΔT
Q3 = (0.5 kg) (4.186 kJ/kg°C) (55°C – 0°C)
Q3 = 115.15 kJ

Total heat needed (QT):

QT = Q 1 + Q 2 + Q 3
QT = 10.47kJ + 166.5kJ +115.12kJ = 292.09 kJ Answer: B
13. A 5-liter amount of water at a temperature of 25°C will be raised to what temperature if 3000
calories of heat is applied?
a. 25.05°C b. 20.15°C c. 25.30°C d. 25.45°C

SOLUTION:
Q = mcwater ΔT
Density = mass / volume
Mass = volume x density
Mass = (2 li) x (5 kg/li ) = 10 kg
3000 = (10kg) (1000 cal/kg°C) (Tf – 25°C)
Tf = 25.3°C Answer: C

14. What is the specific heat of an unknown substance if the temperature of 30°C doubles after
applying an energy rated at 50 kilocalories?
a. 1.67 kcal/kg°C b. 2.14 kcal/kg°C c. 2.56 kcal/kg°C d. 3.12 kcal/kg°C

SOLUTION:
Q = mcΔT
50,000 cal = (1kg) c (60°C – 30°C)
C = 1666.67 cal/kg°C Answer: A

15. Using the first law of thermodynamics, what is the change in internal energy of a substance if it
does 300 J of work while absorbing 450 J of hear?
a. 150 J b. 300 J c. 450 J d. 750 J

SOLUTION:
Using the first law of thermodynamics, the change in internal energy is a
function of both heat and mechanical work. For heat, if heat enters the system,
it is a positive value. If it leaves the system, it is a negative value. For work, if
work is done on the system, it is a positive value. If work is done by the system,
it is a negative value

ΔEint = ± Q ± W
ΔEint = 450 J – 300J
ΔEint = 150 J Answer: A
16. What is the change in internal energy of an ice with a mass of 0.5 kg that is melted at freezing
point and is transformed to water at 10°C?
a. 135.6 kJ b. 156.8 kJ c. 165.7 kJ d. 187.4 kJ

SOLUTION:
Heat needed to melt the ice water at 0°C (Q1);
Q1 = mLf
Q1 = (0.5 kg)(333 kJ/kg)
Q1 = 166.5 kJ

Heat needed to raise the temperature of water from 0°C to 10°C (Q2);
Q2 = mcwater ΔT
Q2 = (0.5 kg) (4.186 kJ/kg°C) (10°C – 0°C)
Q2 = 20.93 kJ

Total heat needed (QT):

QT = Q 1 + Q 2
QT = 166.5 kJ + 20.93 kJ = 187.43 kJ

Using the First Law of Thermodynamics:

ΔEint = ± Q ± W
ΔEint = 187.43 kJ + 0 kj = 187.43 kJ Answer: D

17. What is the change in internal energy of an ideal if it expands by 20 liters after applying 5 kJ of
heat? Assume that this is a constant-pressure process.
a. 2.03 kJ b. 2.97 kJ c. 3.75 kJ d. 5.00 kJ

SOLUTION:
For an isobaric process, work done on/by the system is directly proportional to
the constant pressure and the change in volume.
W = P (V2 – V1)
W = 101,325 (0.02 m3) = 2.03

Using the First Law of Thermodynamics:

ΔEint = ± Q ± W
ΔEint = 5 kJ – 2.03 kJ
ΔEint = 2.97 kJ Answer: B
18. Determine the work done on a 0.5 m3 gas if it is compressed at constant temperature to 0.3 m3.
When the gas was at its initial state, the pressure was 5 atm while the temperature was at 20°C
room temperature.
a. -24.56 kJ b. -25.13 kJ c. -25.88 kJ d. -26.88 kJ

SOLUTION:
W = PV1ln (V2 / V1)
W = (101,325 Pa) (0.5 m3) ln (0.3 m3 / 0.5 m3)
W = -26.88 kJ Answer: D

19. How much heat is required to convert 4 kg of water at 20°C into vapor at 100°C?
a. 1.34 b. 1.34 kcal c. 3.17 d. 3.17 kcal

SOLUTION:
Q = mcΔT
Q = (4kg) (4.186 kJ/kg°C) (100°C – 20°C)
Q = 1.34 kJ Answer: D

20. An aluminum rod has a diameter of 4 cm and a length of 8 cm. One end of the rod is placed in
boiling water and the other end is placed in an ice bath. How much heat in calories is conducted
through the bar in 1 minute? The thermal conductivity of aluminum is 205 J/m-s-deg.
a. 4.62 cal b. 8.97 cal c. 15.75 cal d. 19.33 cal

SOLUTION:
To solve for the amount of heat conducted through the bar in a certain span of
time, use the Law of Thermal Conduction:

Q / t = kA (ΔT/L)
Q = kAt (ΔT/L)
A = π (0.02 m)2 = 1.257 x 10-3 m2
Q = (205 J/m-s-°C) (1.257 x 10-3 m2) (60s)
X (100°C – 0°C)/0.08
Q = 19.33 kJ x 1 kcal / 4.186 kJ
Q = 4.62 cal Answer: A
21. What temperature must be applied to a gold bar (2 cm x 4 cm) if the heat flow is to be 100 J/s?
The thermal conductivity of gold is 397 J/m-s-deg.
a. 245°C/m b. 289°C/m c. 315°C/m d. 362°C/m

SOLUTION:
Q / T = kA ΔT / L
ΔT / L = 1/kA Q/t
1 𝐽
ΔT / L =[ 𝐽 ] (100 )
(397 𝑚−𝑠−°𝐶)(0.02 𝑚 ×0.04 𝑚) 𝑠
ΔT / L = 314.86 °C/m Answer: C

22. An ordinary incandescent electric light bulb contains a fine tungsten wire that is heated to a high
temperature by passing an electric current through it. A typical filament has a surface area of
about 1 square centimeter (10-4 square meters) and is heated to a temperature, the emissivity
of tungsten is 0.30. What is the radiated power of the light bulb?
a. 35.6 W b. 39.7 W c. 45.4 W d. 49.7 W

SOLUTION:
To determine the radiated power, use the Stefan-Boltzmann Law for Radiation:

P = σAeT4
P = (5.67 x 10-3 W/m2K4) (10-4 m2) (0.30) (2000 + 273)4
P = 45.4 W Answer: C

23. A gas cylinder contains 15 L of oxygen gas at room temperature and 15 atm. The temperature is
doubled and the volume is reduced to half of the original volume. What is the final pressure ( in
atm) assuming the gas resembles ideal condition?
a. 7.5 atm b. 15.8 atm c. 32.1 atm d. 44.6 atm

SOLUTION:
Using combined gas law:
P1V1 / T1 = P2V2 / T2
(15 atm) (15 liters) = P2 (7.5 liters)
20 + 273 40 + 273
P2 = 32.05 atm Answer: C
24. An ideal gas at 100°F has a pressure of 32 psig. It is heated in a fixed, rigid, and closed vessel to
raise its temperature of 160°F. What is its final pressure?
a. 24 psia b. 52 psia c. 64 psia d. 67 psia

SOLUTION:
Using Charles Law
P1 P2
=
T1 T2

32 psig+14.7 psi P2
100+460
= 160+460

P2 = 51.7 psia Answer: B

25. What is the rms velocity of oxygen gas molecules at room temperature?
a. 274 m/s b. 478 m/s c. 696 m/s d. 773 m/s

SOLUTION:
Using the Kinetic Theory for Gases

1
KE = 2 mvrms 2

3
KE = 2
kT

3kT
vrms = √ m

𝑔 1.66 𝑥 10−27 kg
m = (32 mol) ( g )
1
mol

m = 5.3 x 10−26 kg

3 (1.38 𝑥 10−23 J⁄K) (293 K)

vrms = √ (5.3 𝑥 10−26 kg)

v𝑟𝑚𝑠 = 478 𝑚⁄𝑠 Answer: B

26. Compute the average kinetic energy in electron volts of any gas molecule at room temperature.
a. 0.038 eV b. 0.075 eV c. 0.135 eV d. 0.189 eV

SOLUTION:
To solve this problem, use the Kinetic Theory of gases. Remember that the
average kinetic energy of gas molecules does not depend on the gas molecule.
Therefore, all gas molecules have the same average kinetic energy (though they
have different values of rms velocity) as long as they have the same
temperature.

1 3
KE = mvrms2 = kT
2 2

T = 20℃ + 273 = 293 K

3
KE = kT
2

3
KE = (1.38 x 10−23 J⁄K)(293 K)
2

KE = 6.065 X 10−21 J
1 eV
KE = 6.065 X 10−21 J X
1.6 X 10−19 J

KE = 0.038 eV Answer: A

27. A cylinder contains 5 mol of Hydrogen gas (C V= 12.5 J/mol-K and CP= 20.8 J/mol=K) at a
temperature of 330 K. How much energy through heat is applied to the system, for a constant-
volume process, to double the temperature of the gas?
a. 3.56 kJ b. 4.78 kJ c. 5.65 kJ d. 6.89 kJ

SOLUTION:
Q V = ncv ∆T
J
Q v = (5 mol) (12.5 mol−K
) [(114℃ + 273) − (57℃ + 273)]

Q = 3,562.5 J = 3.56 kJ Answer: A

28. What is the mass of the air inside a closed vessel dimensions 2.5 m x 5 m x 8 m at a temperature
and a pressure of 50°C and 500,000 Pa, respectively?
a. 144 kg b. 298 kg c. 456 kg d. 540 kg

SOLUTION:
The Ideal gas Law can be used to solve this problem

PV = nRT
m
PV = MW RT
air

R
PV = m T
MWair

(8.314)
(500,000)(2.5 𝑋 5 𝑋 8) = m (50°C + 273)
(28.96)

m = 539 kg Answer: D

29. An engine transfers 25000 J of energy from a hot reservoir during the cycle and transfers 2000 J
of energy to the cold reservoir. What is the power output of the engine if it operates at 2000
revolutions per minute assuming there is one thermodynamic cycle per revolution?
a. 16.67 kW b. 23.33 kW c. 43.33 kW d. 46.67 kW

SOLUTION:
In a heat engine, the energy from the hot reservoir is always greater than the
work done by the engine. Their difference is the amount of energy that goes to
the cold reservoir.

Q H = WENG + Q C

WENG = Q H − Q C

WENG = 2500 J − 2000 J = 500 J

WENG
P= t

1 1
t= 𝑓
= 2000 cycles/min
= 0.0005 min/cycle

1 1
t= 𝑓
= 2000 cycles/min
= 0.003sec/cycle
 500 J
P = 0.03 s

P = 16.67 kW Answer: A

30. What is the coefficient of performance of a brand new refrigerator which as a capacity of 3500
W and an input rating of 750 W?
a. 3.56 b. 4.67 c. 5.87 d. 8.93

SOLUTION:
The coefficient of performance is the parameter that dictates the efficiency of
the heat pump or the refrigerator. It is just the ratio of the output energy to the
input work of the heat pump.
𝑄
COP =
𝑊in

Po t P𝑜
COP = =
P𝑖n t Pin

3500 W
COP =
750 W

COP = 4.67 Answer: B