Automation

- Automation - is basically the delegation of human control function to technical equipment.

Increasing productivity
Increasing Quality
Reducing Cost
Increasing Safety in working condition
History of Automation
Programmable Logic Controllers (1970’s
Electronic Control using Logic Gates (1960’s)
Hard Wired Logic Control
Hard Wired Logic Control
Manual Control

- Robotics - A branch of technology that deals with the automated machine with the design, construction,
operation and computer system for their control, sensory, feedback and information processing that is
influenced by “programming.”
- Robots - A re-programmable, multifunctional, automatic industrial machine designed to replace human in
hazardous work
- Karel Capek - Coined the Czech word robot/robota meaning “labor
- Isaac Asimov - 1940 – I Robot21st Century- Positronic Laws of Robotics
- Joseph Frederick Engelberger - The Father of Robotics
- William Grey Walter - Built the 1st autonomous robots, His first robots are Named Elmer and Elsie
4 Laws of Robotics
- Zeroth Law: A robot may not injure humanity, or, through inaction, allow humanity to come to harm.
- First Law: A robot may not injure a human being, or, through inaction, allow a human being to come to harm
unless this would violate higher order law.
- Second Law: A robot must obey orders given it by human beings, except where such orders will conflict with a
higher order law.
- Third Law: A robot must protect its own existence as long as such protection does not conflict with a higher
order law.
Components of Robot
- Sensor
- Actuator
- Controller
- Artificial Intelligence
- Effector
 IMPACT OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN WAR
CIVIL WAR INNOVATIONS
Communications
- ELECTRICAL TELEGRAPH - is a telegraph that uses electrical signals, usually conveyed via dedicated
telecommunication circuit or radio.
Aerial reconnaissance
• President Lincoln
• Maiden Voyage of the first official Union balloon occurred in late August, 1861.
• Balloon operators used another wartime innovation, the telegraph, to let commanders on the ground know of
Confederates movements.
Transportation

- RAILROADS - The Civil War is the first war in which railroads were a major factor.

Army Ambulance Corps

- Jonathan Letterman - They would go into the field, pick up the wounded, deliver them to dressing stations and then
to field hospitals.

Weapons and Ships

- Prior to the Civil War

- However, shortly before the start of the war, the invention of rifling (grooves in the musket barrel) meant
bullets could spin and travel up to 900 feet.
- The Minie bullet made defence even safer.
- The Gatling Gun - The ancestor of the modern machine gun
- Richard Gatling – who invented
- Naval Mines - were developed by the Confederates in the hopes of counteracting the Union's blockades of
Southern ports.
- Mines and later, torpedoes, were very effective sinking 40 Union ships.
Societal Effects of the Civil War
- 620,000 deaths
- Extreme economic costs
- To mend the moral and cultural fabric of their nation
WORLD WAR 1 (28 Jul 1914 – 11 Nov 1918)
- Tanks - 1915Sept 16,1916 July 1918
- Machine guns - Produced by the British (maximum mobility in mind) Minimum of six man to operate
- Flamethrowers - 1901 , 1911, 1915
- Air traffic control - First operational two way radio where installed by U.S army Developed in 1915 at San Diego
- Mobile X-Ray Machines - Oct. 1914 - 1919
- Sanitary Napkins - Modern sanitary napkins made by cellulose bandage material were made
- Barbed Wire - During WW1 it is use to slow down enemy soldiers getting into the trench.
Societal impact of ww1
- Political
- Economic
- Social
- In the Philippines
 World War ll Innovations
- Radio Navigation - For accurate blind bombing, the systems Oboe and Gee-H (radio-based systems) were used
- Radio Navigation- For accurate blind bombing, the systems Oboe and Gee-H (radio-based systems) were used
- Landing - Rebecca transponder unit mounted on the aircraft
- Penicillin
- Radar - developed and improved upon during the war by the British who had need of the technology to detect
incoming bombers
- The V-2 - Hitler's second Vergeltungswaffe, or Vengeance Weapon
- Jet engines - Sir Frank Whittle Messerschmitt Me
- Nuclear Power - The potential power stored within the Atom had been known for a long time Manhattan
Project
- The first computer – Colossus
- Bletchley Park – who invented
Societal Impact of World War 2
• It Gave Us the Word "Genocide“
• It Changed Medical Ethics Forever
• It Led to the Creation of the United Nations
• It Gave Us the World's First Real Computer
- It Gave Us Synthetic Rubber
- It Gave Us Super Glue
- It Gave Us Duct Tape
Microelectronics
- Is a field in electronics that utilizes tiny, or micro, components to manufacture electronics
- Semiconductors - Materials with properties between conductor and insulator
- Germanium - But others were looking for ways to do away with tubes
- Transistor - are the fundamental unit that drives all the electronic gadgets
- 1950’S - Silicon was discovered to be better than germanium in making transistors
Application
- Defence
- Health
- Transport

PHOTONICS - Is the science and technology of light.

APPLICATION

- SECURITY AND DEFENCE

- OPTICAL FIBER
- TATOO REMOVAL
- LED
- SENSOR AND LIGHTING
- OPTICAL FIBER