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A bureaucracy traditionally does not create policy but, rather, enacts it. Law, policy, and
regulation normally originates from a leadership, which creates the bureaucracy to
implement them. A bureaucracy is directly responsible to the leadership that creates it,
such as a government executive or board of directors. Conversely, the leadership is
usually responsible to an electorate, shareholders, membership or whoever is intended to
benefit. As a matter of practicality, the bureaucracy is where the individual will interface
with an organization such as a government etc., rather than directly with its leadership.
Generally, larger organizations result in a greater distancing of the individual from the
leadership, which can be consequential or intentional by design.
Max Weber was one of the most influential users of bureaucracy. He is well-known for
his study of bureaucratization of society; many aspects of modern public administration
go back to him; a classic, hierarchically organized civil service of the continental
type.Weber described the ideal type bureaucracy in positive terms, considering it to be a
more rational and efficient form of organization than the alternatives that preceded it,
which he characterized as charismatic domination and traditional domination. According
to his terminology, bureaucracy is part of legal domination. However, he also emphasized
that bureaucracy becomes inefficient when a decision must be adopted to an individual
case.
Bureaucratic officials:
• personally free.
• serve a higher authority.
• are appointed on the basis of conduct and their technical qualifications.
• are responsible for the impartial execution of assigned tasks.
• Their work is a full-time occupation.
• Their work is rewarded by a salary and prospects of career advancement.