Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Rock art
Replica of the Dancing Girl of Mohenjo Daro"
Contextual Modernism
The year 1997 bore witness to two parallel
gestures of canon formation. On the one
hand, the influential Baroda Group, a
coalition whose original members
included Vivan Sundaram, Ghulam
Mohammed Sheikh, Bhupen Khakhar, and
Nalini Malani—and which had left its mark
on history in the form of the 1981
exhibition “Place for People”—was
definitively historicized in 1997 with the
publication of Contemporary Art in Baroda,
an anthology of essays edited by Sheikh.
On the other hand, the art historian R. Siva
Kumar's benchmark exhibition and related
publication, A Contextual Modernism,
restored the Santiniketan artists—
Rabindranath Tagore, Nandalal Bose,
Benode Behari Mukherjee, and Ramkinkar
Baij—to their proper place as the
originators of an indigenously achieved yet
transcultural modernism in the 1930s, well
before the Progressives composed their
manifesto in the late 1940s. Of the
Santiniketan artists, Siva Kumar observed
that they “reviewed traditional antecedents
in relation to the new avenues opened up
by cross-cultural contacts. They also saw
it as a historical imperative. Cultural
insularity, they realized, had to give way to
eclecticism and cultural impurity.”[44]
Wall painting
Fresco from the Ajanta Caves, c. 450-500
Miniature painting
Jewellery
Pair of gold earrings, 1st century BCE, Andhra Pradesh.
Other materials
Indian art also found its way into Italy, within the
context of Indo-Roman trade: in 1938 the Pompeii
Lakshmi was found in the ruins of Pompeii (destroyed
in an eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE).
Buddhist art first developed during the
Gandhara period and Amaravati Periods
around the 1st century BCE. It flourished
greatly during the Gupta Periods and Pala
Periods that comprise the Golden Age of
India. Although the most glorious art of
these Indian empires was mostly Buddhist
in nature, subsequently Hindu Empires like
the Pallava, Chola, Hoysala and
Vijayanagara Empires developed their own
styles of Hindu art as well.
Archaeological museums
Other museums
See also
Government College of Fine Arts,
Chennai
Santiniketan School of Art
Indian painting
Indian architecture
Indian vernacular architecture
Crafts of India
Rasa (art)
Bengal school of art
Notes
1. Jagadish Gupta (1996). Pre-historic
Indian Painting . North Central Zone
Cultural Centre.
2. Shiv Kumar Tiwari (1 January 2000).
Riddles of Indian Rockshelter Paintings .
Sarup & Sons. pp. 8–. ISBN 978-81-7625-
086-3.
3. Cockburn, John (1899). "Art. V.—Cave
Drawings in the Kaimūr Range, North-West
Provinces" . Journal of the Royal Asiatic
Society of Great Britain & Ireland. New
Series. 31 (1): 89–97.
doi:10.1017/S0035869X00026113 .
Retrieved 6 November 2014.
4. "Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka" . UNESCO
World Heritage Convention. UNESCO. 2003.
Retrieved 12 November 2014.
5. Pathak, Dr. Meenakshi Dubey. "Indian
Rock Art - Prehistoric Paintings of the
Pachmarhi Hills" . Bradshaw Foundation.
Retrieved 7 November 2014.
6. Marshall, Sir John. Mohenjo-Daro and the
Indus Civilisation, 3 vols, London: Arthur
Probsthain, 1931
7. Keay, John, India, a History. New York:
Grove Press, 2000.
8. Harle, 15-19
9. Harle, 19-20
10. Harle, 22-28
11. Harle, 22-26
12. State Emblem Archived May 11, 2012,
at the Wayback Machine, Know India
india.gov.in
13. Harle, 39-42
14. Harle, 105-117, 26-47
15. Harle, 59-70
16. Harle, 105-117, 71-84 on Gandhara
17. Harle, 68-70 (but see p. 253 for another
exception)
18. Stokstad, Marilyn (2018). Art History.
United States: Pearson Education. pp. 306–
310. ISBN 9780134475882.
19. Department of Asian Art (2000).
"Shunga Dynasty (ca. Second - First Century
B.C.)" . Retrieved November 26, 2018.
20. "Indian subcontinent" . Oxford Art
Online. 2003. Retrieved December 3, 2018.
21. Sarkar (2006). Hari smriti. New Delhi :
Kaveri Books. p. 73. ISBN 8174790756.
22. Sarma, I.K (2001). Sri Subrahmanya
Smrti. New Delhi : Sundeep Prakashan.
pp. 283–290. ISBN 8175741023.
23. Nārāyaṇa Rāya, Udaya (2006). Art,
archaeology, and cultural history of India.
Delhi : B.R. Pub. Corp. ISBN 8176464929.
24. Xinru Liu, The Silk Road in World History,
New York: Oxford University Press, 2010,
42.
25. Lolita Nehru, Origins of the Gandharan
Style, p. 63.
26. Chakravarti, Ranabir (2016-01-11),
"Kushan Empire" , The Encyclopedia of
Empire, John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. 1–6,
ISBN 9781118455074, retrieved 2018-12-03
27. Michaels, Axel (2004). Hinduism: Past
and Present . Princeton University Press.
p. 40. ISBN 978-0-691-08953-9.
28. Alles, Gregory D. (November 1993). "A
Fitting Approach to God: On Entering the
Western Temples at Khajurāho". History of
Religions. 33 (2): 161–186.
doi:10.1086/463362 . JSTOR 1062933 .
29. Saini, Shilpi (29 December 2012). The
Representation of Women in the Erotic
Sculptures of Khajuraho . academia.edu.
School of Arts and Aesthetics, Jawaharlal
Nehru University. Retrieved 8 November
2014.
30. Dhammika, Ven. S. (1994). "The Edicts
of King Ashoka (an English rendering)" .
DharmaNet International. Archived from the
original on March 28, 2014. Retrieved
22 November 2014. "... Beloved-of-the-Gods,
King Piyadasi's domain, and among the
people beyond the borders, the Cholas, the
Pandyas, ..."
31. "Great Living Chola Temples" . UNESCO.
1987. Retrieved 22 November 2014.
32. "Khajuraho Group of Monuments" .
UNESCO World Heritage List. UNESCO.
1986. Retrieved 8 November 2014.
33. Panikkar, K. M. (1955). "Presidential
Address". Indian History Congress. 18th
Session. Calcutta.
34. Dehejia, Vidya (1997). Representing the
Body: Gender Issues in Indian Art . Delhi:
Kali for Women (Women Unlimited).
ISBN 978-81-85107-32-5.
35. Seyller, John (1987). "Scribal Notes on
Mughal Manuscript Illustrations". Artibus
Asiae. 48 (3/4): 247–277. JSTOR 3249873 .
36. Fazl, Abu'l (1927). Ain-i Akbari.
Translated by H Blochmann. Asiatic Society
of Bengal.
37. "Daulat" . Encyclopædia Britannica.
Retrieved 13 November 2014.
38. George Michell; Catherine Lampert;
Tristram Holland (1982). In the Image of
Man: The Indian Perception of the Universe
Through 2000 Years of Painting and
Sculpture . Alpine Fine Arts Collection.
ISBN 978-0-933516-52-6.
39. Hachette India (25 October 2013).
Indiapedia: The All-India Factfinder .
Hachette India. pp. 130–. ISBN 978-93-
5009-766-3.
40. "For art's sake" . The Hindu. The Hindu.
February 12, 2009. Retrieved Nov 23, 2014.
41. "Showcase – Artists Collectives" .
National Gallery of Modern Art, New Delhi.
2012-11-09. Retrieved 2014-11-23.
42. "National Gallery of Modern Art, New
Delhi" .
43. "Rabindranath Tagore: The Last
Harvest" .
44. "Home" (PDF).
45. http://www.huichawaii.org/assets/gall,-
david---overcoming-polarized-
modernities.pdf
46. "Humanities underground » All the
Shared Experiences of the Lived World II" .
47. " "Contextual modernism" – is it
possible? Steps to improved housing
strategy" . 2011.
48. Harle, 17–20
49. Harle, 22–24
50. Harle, 26–38
51. Harle, 342-350
52. Harle, 87; his Part 2 covers the period
53. Harle, 124
54. Harle, 301-310, 325-327
55. Harle, 276–284
56. Chopra. et al., p. 186.
57. Tri. [Title needed]. p. 479.
58. "Prehistoric Rock Art" . art-and-
archaeology.com. Retrieved 2006-10-17.
59. "Rock Shelters of Bhimbetka" .
Retrieved 2006-12-20.
60. "Ancient and medieval Indian cave
paintings - Internet encyclopedia" .
Wondermondo. 2010-06-10. Retrieved
2010-06-04.
61. Harle, 355
62. Harle, 361-366
63. Harle, 372-382
64. Untracht, Oppi. Traditional Jewelry of
India. New York: Abrams, 1997 ISBN 0-
8109-3886-3. p15.
65. Harle, 59
66. Thapar, Binda (2004). Introduction to
Indian Architecture. Singapore: Periplus
Editions. pp. 36–37, 51. ISBN 978-0-7946-
0011-2.
67. "Architecture of the Indian
Subcontinent" . Retrieved 2006-12-21.
68. dhokra art Archived 2010-12-29 at the
Wayback Machine
69. GVSS, Gramin Vikas Seva Sanshtha (12
June 2011). "Evaluation Study of Tribal/Folk
Arts and Culture in West Bengal, Orissa,
Jharkhand, Chhatisgarh and Bihar" (PDF).
Planning Commission. Socio-Economic
Research (SER) Division, Planning
Commission, Govt. of India New Delhi.
p. 53. Retrieved 2 March 2015. "...
globalization has triggered the emergence
of a synthetic macro-culture...is gaining
popularity day by day and silently
engineering the gradual attrition of
tribal/folk art and culture."
70. "Decline of tribal and folk arts
lamented" . Deccan Herald. Gudibanda,
Karnataka, India. 3 July 2008. Archived from
the original on 2 March 2015. Retrieved
2 March 2015. "In the wave of electronic
media, our ... ancient culture and tribal art
have been declining, ..., said folklore
researcher J Srinivasaiah."
References
Wikimedia Commons has media related to
Art of India.
Further reading
Gupta, S. P., & Asthana, S. P. (2007).
Elements of Indian art: Including temple
architecture, iconography & iconometry.
New Delhi: Indraprastha Museum of Art
and Archaeology.
Gupta, S. P., & Shastri Indo-Canadian
Institute. (2011). The roots of Indian art:
A detailed study of the formative period
of Indian art and architecture, third and
second centuries B.C., Mauryan and late
Mauryan. Delhi: B.R. Publishing
Corporation.
Abanindranath Tagore (1914). Some
Notes on Indian Artistic Anatomy . Indian
Society of Oriental Art, Calcutta.
Kossak, Steven (1997). Indian court
painting, 16th-19th century. . New York:
The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
ISBN 978-0870997839. (see index:
pages 148-152)
Lerner, Martin (1984). The flame and the
lotus: Indian and Southeast Asian art
from the Kronos collections . New York:
The Metropolitan Museum of Art.
ISBN 978-0870993749. fully online
Smith, Vincent A. (1930). A History Of
Fine Art In India And Ceylon . The
Clarendon Press, Oxford.
Welch, Stuart Cary (1985). India: art and
culture, 1300-1900 . New York: The
Metropolitan Museum of Art.
ISBN 9780944142134. fully online
Retrieved from
"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?
title=Indian_art&oldid=886916652"