1. LINEAR D.

-In this section we solve linear first order differential

equations, i.e. differential equations in the form y′+p(t)y=g(t)y′
+p(t)y=g(t). We give an in depth overview of the process used
to solve this type of differential equation as well as a
derivation of the formula needed for the integrating factor used
in the solution process.
A. FIRST ORDER

-A first‐order differential equation is said to be linear if it can be

expressed in the form

where P and Q are functions of x. The method for solving such

equations is similar to the one used to solve nonexact equations.

EXAMPLES:

a.first order

1.Solve the linear differential equation

First, rewrite the equation in standard form:

Since the integrating factor here is

multiply both sides of the standard‐form equation (*) by μ = e −2/ x

,

collapse the left‐hand side,

and integrate:
Thus the general solution of the differential equation can be expressed
explicitly as

b.2nd order and second degree

2 & 3. Homogeneous differential equations involve only derivatives

of y and terms involving y, and they’re set to 0, as in this equation:

Nonhomogeneous differential equations are the same as

homogeneous differential equations, except they can have terms
involving only x (and constants) on the right side, as in this equation:

You also can write nonhomogeneous differential equations in this

format: y” + p(x)y‘ + q(x)y = g(x). The general solution of this
nonhomogeneous differential equation is

In this solution, c1y1(x) + c2y2(x) is the general solution of the

corresponding homogeneous differential equation:
And yp(x) is a specific solution to the nonhomogeneous equation.

Nonhomogeneous Differential Equations

It’s now time to start thinking about how to solve
nonhomogeneous differential equations. A second order, linear
nonhomogeneous differential equation is

y′′+p(t)y′+q(t)y=g(t)

x' + x2 = 0 is non-linear because x2 is not a first power

x'' + sin(x) = 0 is non-linear because sin(x) is not a first power

3. NON LINEAR

Linear just means that the variable in an equation appears only with a power of one.
So x is linear but x2 is non-linear. Also any function like cos(x) is non-linear. ... In
a differential equation, when the variables and their derivatives are only multiplied by
constants, then the equation is linear.

Example

Consider the nonlinear differential equation

y' = y1/5 y(0) = 0

Separating and integrating we get

y -1/5dy = dx

5/4 y 4/5 = x + C1

y 4/5 = 4/5 x + C