Beechcraft 1900 - Wikipedia https://en.wikipedia.

org/wiki/Beechcraft_1900

Beechcraft 1900
The Beechcraft 1900 is a 19-passenger, pressurized twin-
Beechcraft 1900
engine turboprop fixed-wing aircraft that was manufactured by
Beechcraft. It was designed, and is primarily used, as a regional
airliner. It is also used as a freight aircraft and corporate
transport, and by several governmental and military
organisations. With customers favoring larger regional jets,
Raytheon ended production in October 2002.[3]

The aircraft was designed to carry passengers in all weather

conditions from airports with relatively short runways. It is
capable of flying in excess of 600 miles (970 km), although few
operators use its full-fuel range. In terms of the number of
aircraft built and its continued use by many passenger airlines
and other users, it is one of the most popular 19-passenger A Continental Connection Beechcraft 1900D
airliners in history.[4] Role Regional airliner, cargo, and
corporate aircraft
Manufacturer Beech Aircraft Corporation
Contents Raytheon Aircraft
Company[1]
Development
First flight September 3, 1982[2]
Design
Propulsion Introduction February 1984
Performance Status In service
Variants Primary users Ameriflight
1900
Alpine Air Express
1900C
Central Mountain Air
1900D
Searca
Military C-12J
King Air ExecLiner Produced 1982-2002
Operators Number built 695
Civilian operators
Unit cost US$ 4.995 million (2001)[2]
Military operators
Developed from Beechcraft Super King Air
Accidents and incidents
Specifications (Beechcraft 1900D)
See also
Notes
References
External links

Development
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The 1900 is Beechcraft's third regional airliner. The Beechcraft Model 18

was a 6- to 11-passenger utility aircraft produced from 1937 to 1970, used by
the military, airlines, charter operations, corporations for executive
transport, and freight carriers. The 15-passenger Beechcraft Model 99
Airliner was designed to replace the Beech 18, and was produced between
1966 and 1975, and from 1982 to 1986. It was also commercially successful
and remains in common use with freight airlines such as Ameriflight.
An Eagle Airways Beechcraft 1900D
The Beechcraft 1900s design lineage began in 1949 with the Beechcraft
Model 50 Twin Bonanza, a 5-passenger, reciprocating engine utility aircraft
designed for the U.S. Army. A larger passenger cabin was added to the Twin Bonanza's airframe, and called the Model
65 Queen Air. This aircraft was, in turn, further modified by adding turboprop engines and cabin pressurization, and
named the Model 90 King Air. A stretched version of the King Air was later developed and designated the Model 200
Super King Air. Beechcraft developed the Beechcraft 1900 directly from the Beechcraft Super King Air, in order to
provide a pressurized commuterliner to compete with the Swearingen Metro and the British Aerospace Jetstream.[5]

The 1900 first flew on September 3, 1982, with Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) certification awarded on
November 22, 1983 under Special Federal Aviation Regulation (SFAR) 41C airworthiness standards.[5] Like the 1900,
the 1900C was certified under SFAR 41C, but the later 1900D version was certified to FAR Part 23 "Commuter
Category" standards.[6]

The 1900 entered service in February 1984,[5] with the first ExecLiner corporate version delivered in 1985. A total of
695 Beechcraft 1900 aircraft were built, making the airliner the best-selling 19-passenger airliner in history.[4][7] With
market trends favoring larger 50- to 90-seat regional jets, Raytheon ended production of the Beechcraft 1900 in
October 2002. Many airlines continue to fly the 1900.

Design
Since the 1900 is derived from the King Air, all 1900s share certain
characteristics with that aircraft. Cockpit controls and operations are similar
to those of the King Air. While Federal Aviation Regulations require two
pilots for passenger airline operations, the 1900 is designed and certificated
for single-pilot operation in corporate or cargo settings, as is the King Air.

Propulsion Beechcraft 1900C

The 1900 is powered by two Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A turboprop
engines. The 1900 and 1900C use two PT6A-65B engines, each flat rated at
1,100 shaft horsepower (820 kW). The 1900D uses two PT6A-67D engines, each rated at 1,279 shaft horsepower
(954 kW).

The propellers are manufactured by Hartzell, with four blades on each propeller. The blades are made from composite
materials.

Performance
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600 miles (20 minutes to two hours), but with full fuel tanks, the aircraft is
capable of flying well in excess of 1,000 nautical miles (1,900 km).[8]

The Beechcraft 1900 can operate safely on relatively short airstrips and it
can take off and land on grass and rough runways.

The airplane is certified to fly up to an altitude of 25,000 feet (7,600 m)

above mean sea level with its pressurized cabin.[8] It is designed to operate
in most weather conditions, including icing conditions, and it is usually
equipped with weather radar to help pilots avoid severe weather.[8] The A Sunwest Aviation Beechcraft
aircraft can be fitted with a lavatory, using space otherwise available for 1900D at Vancouver International
passenger seating and cargo storage.[8] Airport

Variants

1900
The original design is known simply as the Beechcraft 1900. It features two airstair passenger boarding doors: one near
the tail of the aircraft much like the smaller King Airs, and a second at the front just behind the cockpit. It has a small
cargo door near the tail for access to the baggage compartment, which is behind the passenger compartment. Only
three airframes were built, with "UA" serial numbers of UA-1, UA-2, and UA-3. UA-1 and UA-2 are stored at a
Beechcraft facility in Wichita, Kansas. UA-3, registered FAB-043, served in Bolivia until it crashed in November 2011.[9]

1900C
It quickly became clear that having two airstair doors on an aircraft holding
only 19 passengers was excessive. In creating the 1900C, Beechcraft kept the
front airstair, but eliminated the aft airstair door, installing an enlarged
cargo door in its place. Other than the redesigned door layout, the early
1900Cs were substantially similar to the original 1900s. These were
assigned serial numbers starting with the letters UB. A total of 74 UB
version were built, many of which remain in service.[6] Aircraft in the UA
and UB series employ a bladder-type fuel tank system in the wings. Later
1900Cs use a wet wing fuel system: entire sections of the wing are sealed off A Republic of China Air Force
for use as fuel tanks. This design change allowed more fuel to be stored, 1900C-1 at CCK Airfield in central
substantially increasing the 1900C's range. The wet wing 1900Cs were Taiwan
assigned serial numbers beginning with "UC." These aircraft are also
referred to as 1900C-1s. The wet wings proved popular, and the UC is the
most common version of the low-ceiling 1900, with 174 UC airframes built.[6]

Raytheon manufactured six 1900C aircraft for use by the U.S. military. These were assigned "UD" serial numbers, UD-1
through UD-6.

1900D
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and in 1991 introduced a new version called the 1900D.

The 1900 and 1900C, like most 19-passenger airliners and small business
jets, have fairly small passenger cabins, with ceilings so low that passengers
cannot walk through the interior without bending forward. The 1900D was
designed to remedy this by providing a "stand-up cabin", which would allow
most passengers to walk upright. It is one of only two 19-seat airliners with
this feature, the other being the British Aerospace Jetstream 31/32.[6]

Because the taller passenger cabin adds both weight and drag to the Danish Air Transport Beechcraft
airplane, other elements of the 1900D were also changed. More powerful 1900C
engines and modified propellers were installed, winglets were added to
reduce drag and increase the wings' efficiency, and the tail was made larger
in response to the more powerful engines. The cockpit was updated with an
Electronic Flight Instrument System (EFIS). The 1900D was certified under
the then-new FAR Part 23 "Commuter Category" standards, which had
replaced the earlier SFAR 41C. Since the UD serial numbers were already in
use by the military 1900s, the 1900D airplanes have serial numbers
beginning with UE. The 1900D is the most popular version of the airliner,
with 439 of the 1900D built.[6]
Beechcraft 1900D (T-729) of the
Swiss Air Force arrives at the 2016
Military C-12J RIAT, England.

The U.S. military designation for the Beechcraft 1900C is C-12J. This is a
variant of the C-12 Huron, which is the most common designation for
military King Airs. The C-12J includes the 6 UD series Beechcraft 1900s built for the U.S. military, as well as other
1900Cs in U.S. military service.

Examples of C-12J aircraft in military service include one used for GPS jamming tests at the 586th Flight Test
Squadron, Holloman Air Force Base, New Mexico,[10] and three based at the 459th Airlift Squadron, Yokota Air Base,
Japan.[4] The U.S. Army operates both C-12J and 1900D aircraft along with other C-12 (King Air) aircraft.[11]

King Air ExecLiner

The King Air ExecLiner was a marketing name for a corporate version of the Beechcraft 1900C.

Operators

Civilian operators
In July 2018, a total of 114 1900Cs and 192 1900Ds were in airline service: 207 in the Americas, 63 in Africa, 25 in
Europe and 11 in the Asia Pacific and Middle East. Airline operators with nine or more aircraft were:[12]

Ameriflight: 25 1900Cs
Alpine Air Express: 19 1900Cs and 4 1900Ds
Searca: 16 1900Ds
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Central Mountain Air: 12 1900Ds

SonAir: 12 1900Ds
Air Georgian: 11 1900Ds
SkyLink Express: 11 1900Cs
Solenta Aviation: 11 1900Ds
Exploits Valley Air Services: 10 1900Ds
Twin Jet: 9 1900Ds
Pacific Coastal Airlines: 8 1900Cs and 4 1900Ds
Westair Aviation: 2 1900Ds
Alaska Central Express: 9 1900Cs
The cabin of an Eagle Airways
Hageland Aviation Services/ DBA RAVN Connect: 8 1900Cs Beechcraft 1900D

Military operators
Military and government operators include:[13]

Algeria

Algerian Air Force operates 12 as of December 2018.[14]

Australia

Defence Science and Technology Group

Bolivia

Ministry of National Defence

Colombia

Colombian National Police

Egypt

Egyptian Air Force operates eight as of December 2018.[15]

France

Police Nationale from 2007 to 2010.[16]

Indonesia

Indonesian National Police

Myanmar

Myanmar Air Force operates eight as of December 2018.[17][18]

South Sudan

South Sudan Air Force;[19]

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Switzerland

Swiss Air Force operates a single aircraft as of December 2018.[20]

Taiwan

Republic of China Air Force operates 11 aircraft as of December 2018.[21]

Thailand

Royal Thai Army

United Arab Emirates

United States

United States Air Force operates 3 as of December 2018.[22]

United States Army operates 3 as of December 2018.[23]

Accidents and incidents

November 23, 1987: A Ryan Air Services 1900 crashed on approach to the airport at Homer, Alaska. Flight 103
was fully loaded (all 19 seats occupied; 1437 pounds of cargo) when it took off from Kodiak. The aircraft lifted off
the runway, fell back and accelerated for about another 15 knots before it became airborne. The aircraft was
approaching Homer when it was cleared for the localizer/DME approach to runway 3. The crew reported a 2-mile
(3.2 km) final five minutes later. On short final the wings were seen to rock back and forth; the aircraft then dropped
steeply to the ground in a rather flat attitude, struck the airport perimeter fence and slid to a stop on its belly. Both
pilots and sixteen of the nineteen passengers were killed. The investigation into the crash (the first crash of a
1900) stated the probable cause as "the failure of the flight crew to properly supervise the loading of the airplane
which resulted in the center of gravity being displaced to such an aft location that the airplane control was lost
when the flaps were lowered for landing."[24]
May 18, 1990: A Beechcraft 1900C, operating for Aerolift Philippines as flight 75 to Surigao, took off from runway
13 at Manila's international airport. During takeoff the no. 2 engine failed. The airplane began turning to the right as
the crew radioed that they were returning to the airport. With the undercarriage down and the flaps still in takeoff
position the airplane impacted a house in the suburban Paranaque neighbourhood. All 21 on board the aircraft and
a family of four inside the house were killed.[25]
Aug 21, 1990: A Republic of China Air Force 1900C crashed in Yunlin County in central Taiwan, killing 18 officers
on board.[26]
December 28, 1991: A Business Express Airlines 1900C crashed during a training flight when the instructor
refused to take back the controls after the students became disoriented due to heavily stressing conditions
imposed by the instructor, against the company's flight manual. This conclusion was controversial, as an
investigation by the Airline Pilots Association showed that there were many indications of catastrophic airframe
failure, not due to pilot error.[27][28][29]
December 7, 1995: An Air St. Martin 1900D drifted off course and crashed into a mountain in Haiti, killing all 21
people on board.
November 19, 1996: A United Express 1900C collided on a runway with a Beechcraft King Air at Quincy Regional
Airport in Illinois, killing all 14 people on board both aircraft.[30]
July 30, 1998: Proteus Airlines Flight 706, a 1900D, collided in midair with a Cessna 177RG over Quiberon Bay in
France. None of the 14 passengers and crew survived.[31]
January 8, 2003: Air Midwest Flight 5481, a 1900D crashed into a hangar just after takeoff from Charlotte/Douglas
International Airport in North Carolina, killing all 21 people on board.
August 26, 2003: Colgan Air Flight 9446, a Beech 1900D operated for US Airways Express hit the water shortly
after taking off from Hyannis, Massachusetts. Both pilots died.[32]
May 2, 2008: A South Sudan Air Connection 1900 leased from CEM Air crashed, killing 22 people including
Southern Sudan's Minister of Defense.[33][34]
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Nairobi, Kenya, killing the captain and seriously injuring the first officer.[35]
November 5, 2010: A 1900C flying for JS Air (Private) Limited, experienced engine failure and crashed shortly after
take off from Jinnah International Airport, Karachi, killing all 21 on board including both crew members.[36]
September 25, 2011: A Buddha Air 1900D crashed in Nepal during a return scenic flight from the Himalayas killing
19 on board including 3 crew.[37]
April 7, 2013: A Beechcraft 1900 disappeared with one occupant aboard, the missionary Jerry Krause.
February 9, 2016: A Myanmar Air Force 1900D crashed shortly after taking off from Naypyidaw Airport killing 5
officers on board.[38]

Specifications (Beechcraft 1900D)

Data from Raytheon: Beechcraft 1900D Passenger Specifications and Performance[39]

General characteristics

Crew: 1 (2 for airline operations)

Capacity: 19 passengers
Length: 57 ft 8 in (17.62 m)
Wingspan: 57 ft 9 in (17.64 m)
Height: 15 ft 5 in (4.72 m)
Empty weight: 10,434 lb (4,732 kg)
Useful load: 6,356 lb (2,882 kg)
Max. takeoff weight: 17,120 lb (7,764 kg)
Fuel Capacity: 4,458 lb (2,022 kg)
Fuel type: Jet A recommended, others usable
Powerplant: 2 × Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6A-67D turboprops, 1,279 shaft horsepower[40] (955 kW) each
Performance

Cruise speed: 280 kts (322 mph, 518 kmh) at 20,000 ft (6,100 m)
Range: 382 nmi with 19 passenger payload (439 mi, 707 km)
Ferry range: 1,245 nmi (1,432 mi, 2,306 km)
Service ceiling: 25,000 ft (7,620 m)
Rate of climb: 2,615 ft/min (797 m/min)
Avionics

Rockwell Collins EFIS-84 Electronic Flight Instrument System

See also
Related development

Beechcraft Queen Air

Beechcraft King Air
Beechcraft Super King Air
Beechcraft Model 99
Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era

Antonov An-38
British Aerospace Jetstream 31
de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter
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Dornier Do 228
Embraer EMB 110 Bandeirante
Fairchild Swearingen Metroliner
Harbin Y-12
Let L-410 Turbolet
Related lists

List of military aircraft of the United States

Notes
1. "Type Certificate Data Sheet No. A24CE" (http://www.airweb.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guidance_Library
/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/6be5914ffaf7db0b86257f24005636e2/$FILE/A24CE_Rev_113.pdf) (PDF).
2. Jackson 2003, pp. 535–536.
3. "Beech 1900 Airliner" (http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/be1900.htm). globalsecurity.org.
Retrieved 4 August 2018.
4. John Pike. "C-12J" (http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/c-12j.htm). globalsecurity.org. Retrieved
18 January 2015.
5. Francillon 2001, p. 57.
6. "Raytheon Airline Aviation Services" (https://web.archive.org/web/20071017014046/http:
//airliner.raytheonaircraft.com/raas/). Archived from the original (http://airliner.raytheonaircraft.com/) on 17 October
2007. Retrieved 26 August 2011.
7. The Fairchild Swearingen Metroliner series outsold the 1900 series, but many were built as corporate Merlins and
purpose-built Expediter freighters. The 19-seat de Havilland Canada DHC-6 Twin Otter outsold both types, but it is
typically used in different operations.
8. Beechcraft 1900D Aircraft Flight Manual, Raytheon Aircraft Corporation
9. Aeronave de la FAB aterriza de emergencia (http://www.la-razon.com/index.php?_url=/nacional/Aeronave-FAB-
aterriza-emergencia_0_1514848519.html), retrieved 18 January 2015
10. "Holloman Air Force Base - Fact Sheet Media" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110526083955/http:
//www.holloman.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet_media.asp?fsID=5921). af.mil. Archived from the original
(http://www.holloman.af.mil/library/factsheets/factsheet_media.asp?fsID=5921) on 26 May 2011. Retrieved
18 January 2015.
11. "UsArmyAviation.com - Fixed Wing Page 1" (http://www.usarmyaviation.com/fixedwing.htm). usarmyaviation.com.
Retrieved 18 January 2015.
12. "World Airline Census 2018" (https://www.flightglobal.com/asset/24536). Flightglobal.com. Retrieved 2018-08-27.
13. "Airliners.net - Airplanes - Aviation - Aircraft- Aircraft Photos & News" (http://www.airliners.net). airliners.net.
Retrieved 18 January 2015.
14. Hoyle Flight International 4–10 December 2018, p. 38.
15. Hoyle Flight International 4–10 December 2018, p. 43.
16. (in French)https://www.airfleets.fr/ficheapp/plane-beh-UE349.htm
17. Hoyle Flight International 4–10 December 2018, p. 50.
18. Mazumdar, Mrityunjoy (16 December 2016). "Myanmar commissions transport aircraft, helos"
(http://www.janes.com/article/66319). IHS Jane's 360. Alameda, California. Retrieved 16 December 2016.
19. Cutler, David (April 17, 2012). "Factbox: How Sudan and South Sudan shape up militarily"
(https://www.reuters.com/article/2012/04/17/us-sudan-southsudan-military-idUSBRE83G0G420120417).
Reuters.com. Thomson Reuters. Retrieved 9 February 2014.
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20. Hoyle Flight International 4–10 December 2018, p. 56.

21. Hoyle Flight International 8–14 December 2015, p. 49.
22. Hoyle Flight International 4–10 December 2018, p. 58.
23. Hoyle Flight International 4–10 December 2018, p. 59.
24. "ASN Aircraft accident Beechcraft 1900C N401RA Homer Airport, AK (HOM)" (http://aviation-safety.net/database
/record.php?id=19871123-0). Aviation-safety.net. 1987-11-23. Retrieved 2012-03-29.
25. [1] (http://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=19900518-2) aviation-safety.net
26. Military Aviation Accidents (http://taiwanairpower.org/write_offs.html), TaiwanAirPower.org
27. "Introduction to conflicting N811BE Accident Investigation Reports" (http://www.iprr.org/comps/AAR93intro.html).
Iprr.org. Retrieved 2012-03-29.
28. "block island - safety hyushin - air safety - 1993 - 1706 - Flight Archive" (http://www.flightglobal.com/pdfarchive
/view/1993/1993%20-%201706.html). flightglobal.com. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
29. "ASN Aircraft accident Beechcraft 1900C N811BE Block Island, RI" (http://aviation-safety.net/database
/record.php?id=19911228-0). Aviation-safety.net. Retrieved 2012-03-29.
30. "NTSB Report: United Express Flight 5925" (https://www.ntsb.gov/investigations/AccidentReports/Reports
/AAR9704.pdf) (PDF).
31. "F-GSJM/F-GAJE" (https://www.bea.aero/docspa/1998/f-je980730/htm/f-je980730.htm). www.bea.aero.
32. "UPDATE ON NTSB INVESTIGATIONS INTO RECENT BEECH 1900D ACCIDENTS AND INCIDENTS
(https://web.archive.org/web/20061006200619/http://www.ntsb.gov/Pressrel/2003/031121.htm)." National
Transportation Safety Board. November 21, 2003. Retrieved on February 13, 2009.
33. "BBC NEWS - Africa - Engine fault 'caused Sudan crash' " (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/7381642.stm).
bbc.co.uk. Retrieved 18 January 2015.
34. Correction: South Sudan declares three-day mourning for crash victims (http://www.sudantribune.com
/spip.php?article26976) Sudan Tribune 3 May 2008
35. "Accident Description." (https://aviation-safety.net/database/record.php?id=20091109-0) Aviation-safety.net.
Retrieved: 12 March 2018.
36. "No survivors in Karachi plane crash" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120728214757/http://www.geo.tv/11-5-2010
/73897.htm). TGeo TV Pakistan. Archived from the original (http://geo.tv/11-5-2010/73897.htm) on 28 July 2012.
Retrieved 18 January 2015.
37. "19 dead after tourist plane crashes in Nepal" (http://www.abc.net.au/news/2011-09-25/plane-carrying-19-crashes-
in-nepal/2941456.htm).
38. Pyae Thet Phyo, Swan Ye Htut (10 February 2016). "Five killed in military plane crash in Nay Pyi Taw"
(http://www.mmtimes.com/index.php/national-news/18911-four-feared-dead-in-myanmar-military-plane-crash-
officials.html). The Myanmar Times. Retrieved 10 February 2016.
39. Raytheon: Beechcraft 1900D Passenger Specifications and Performance (http://www.raytheon.com/businesses
/rtnwcm/groups/public/documents/content/rtn_raas_prod_1900dp_pdf.pdf) Archived (https://web.archive.org
/web/20120315223626/http://www.raytheon.com/businesses/rtnwcm/groups/public/documents/content
/rtn_raas_prod_1900dp_pdf.pdf) 2012-03-15 at the Wayback Machine Retrieved on 30 December 2010
40. (1,353 equivalent shaft horsepower, including thrust from jet exhaust), 3,950 foot-pounds Torque

References
Francillon, René J (January 2001). "1900 for 2000: The 'Son of Beech' - Raytheon 1900 Airliner". Air International.
pp. 56–58. ISSN 0306-5634 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0306-5634).
Hoyle, Craig (8–14 December 2015). "World Air Forces Directory". Flight International. Vol. 188 no. 5517.
pp. 26–53. ISSN 0015-3710 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0015-3710).
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pp. 32–60. ISSN 0015-3710 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0015-3710)..

Jackson, Paul (2003). Jane's All the World's Aircraft 2003–2004. Coulsdon, UK: Jane's Information Group Limited.
ISBN 978-0-7106-2537-3.
Phillips, Edward H. Beechcraft – Pursuit of Perfection, A History of Beechcraft Airplanes. Flying Books, Eagan,
Minnesota 1992.ISBN 0-911139-11-7

External links
Beechcraft 1900 specifications (http://www.flugzeuginfo.net/acdata_php/acdata_1900_en.php)
Airliners.net's background of the 1900 (http://www.airliners.net/info/stats.main?id=329)
Aviation Safety Network Beechcraft 1900 data (http://aviation-safety.net/database/type/type.php?type=090)
Aviation Safety Network 1900 emergency exits (http://aviation-safety.net/airlinesafety/exits/exit.php?type=090)
Airsafe's List of fatal accidents involving the Beechcraft 1900 (http://www.airsafe.com/events/models/beech.htm)
Federation of American Scientists' description of the military C-12 (http://www.fas.org/man/dod-101/sys/ac/c-
12.htm)
GlobalSecurity.org's background on the C-12J (http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/systems/aircraft/c-12j.htm)
Army C-12 and Be-1900D Aircraft (http://www.usarmyaviation.com/fixedwing.htm)

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