Unit 4

Explain about the Inheritance and its types with example?

 Inheritance is a process of creating new classes called derived classes, from the existing
or base classes. The derived class inherits all the properties of the base class.

 Existing Class (Source Class) is known as Parent Class or Base Class.

 Newly Created Class is known as Child Class or Derived Class.

Syntax of Inheritance

class parent_class

//Body of parent class

};

class child_class : access_modifier parent_class

//Body of child class

Types of Inheritance in C++

There are five types in Inheritance.

1) Single inheritance
2) Multilevel inheritance
3) Multiple inheritance
4) Hierarchical inheritance
5) Hybrid inheritance
 1. Single Inheritance
In single inheritance, a derived class can inherits the properties only from one base
class.

Example Program for single inheritance:

class base_class1
{
public:

base_class1()
{
cout<<"Constructor of Base class / Parent Class"<<endl;
}
};

class dereived_class1: public_baseclass1

{
public:
dereived_class1
{
cout<<"Constructor of Derived class / Child Class";
}
};
int main() {
//Creating object of class derived class
dereived_class1 obj;
return 0;
}

Output:
Constructor of Constructor of base class / Parent Class
Constructor of Constructor of Derived class / Child Class
Multilevel Inheritance
In this type of inheritance, one class inherits the properties another child class.

From the below image, class B is derived from the base class A and the class C is
derived from the derived class B.

Figure : Multilevel Inheirtance

3) Multiple Inheritance
In Multiple Inheritance, a derived class can inherits the properties from multiple base
classes. For example: A class Bat is derived from bas classes Mammal and WingedAnimal.
It makes sense because bat is a mammal as well as a winged animal.

Figure : Multiple Inheirtance

Example Program for Multiple Inheirtance

class Mammal
{
public:
Mammal()
{
cout << "Mammals can give direct birth." << endl;
}
};

class WingedAnimal
{
public:
WingedAnimal()
{
cout << "Winged animal can flap." << endl;
}
};

class Bat: public Mammal, public WingedAnimal

{

};

void main()
{
Bat b1;
}

Hierarchical Inheritance
 If more than one class is inherited from the base class, it's known as hierarchical
inheritance.
 In hierarchical inheritance, all features that are common in child classes are
included in the base class.
From the below image, first_derived_class, second_derived_class,
third_derived_class are derived from the base_class.

Figure : Hierarchical Inheirtance

Example Program for Hierarchical Inheirtance

class A
{
public:
A()
{
cout<<"Constructor of A class"<<endl;
}
};

class B: public A
{
public:
B()
{
cout<<"Constructor of B class"<<endl;
}
};

class C: public A
{
public:
C()
{
cout<<"Constructor of C class"<<endl;
}
};

void main()
{
//Creating object of class C
C obj;

5) Hybrid Inheritance
 Hybrid inheritance is a combination of more than one type of inheritance.
 For example, A child and parent class relationship that follows multiple and
hierarchical inheritance both can be called hybrid inheritance.