EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON STRENGTH PROPERTIE OF

M40 GRADE CONCRETE WITH PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF

FINE AGGREGATE BY COPPER SALG, GLASS POWDER AND
QUARRY DUST

Saranya Devi.D
Assistant professor, Department of Civil Engineering, SNS College of Engineering, Coimbatore-35,
Tamil Nadu, India

S.Niythyanantham,M.J.Ajmal Mohamed,C.S.Rahul
UG Scholars, Department of Civil Engineering, SNS College of Engineering, Coimbatore-35,
Tamil Nadu, India

Abstract - This paper reports effect of Key Words: Industrial Waste,

concrete using some industrial wastes as a Replacement of Fine Aggregate,
partial replacement such as copper slag, glass Copper Slag, Glass Powder, Quarry
powder and quarry dust for fine aggregate. In Dust, Properties of Materials,
the project work, the concrete grade of M40 Compressive Strength, Split Tensile
was selected and IS method was used for mix Strength.
design. The properties of material for cement,
I. Introduction - Concrete is a
fine aggregate, coarse aggregate, copper slag,
composite material composed of
glass powder and quarry dust were studied for
water, coarse granular material (the
mix design. The various strength of concrete
fine and coarse aggregate) embedded
like compressive strength and split tensile
in a hard matrix of material (the
strength were studied for various
cement or binder) that fills the space
replacements of fine aggregate using copper
among the aggregate particles and
slag that are 30%, glass powder that are 5%
glues them together. Concrete is
and the variation of percentages of quarry dust
widely used for making architectural
that are 5%, 10% and 15%. The mix
structures, foundations, brick or block
proportion has been taken as 1:2.62:3.32.
walls, pavements, bridges or
overpasses, highways, runways,
parking structures, dams,
pools/reservoirs, etc..,
 Now a days, there is a scarcity of
sand and it has become very difficult
to get sand easily in an economical
way. To overcoming this problem, it
is very essential to research the
alternative methods. In order to fulfill
the requirement of the fine aggregate,
certain alternative materials must be
found.
Copper slag is used in the
concrete as one of alternative
materials. It is the waste product
obtained from the copper smelting
industries. The safe disposal of this
waste is lack, costly and causes
environmental pollution. The
construction industry is the only area
where the safe use of waste material
(copper slag) is possible. When it is
introduced in concrete as a
replacement material, it reduces the
environmental pollution, space
problem and also reduces the cost of
concrete.
Million tons of waste glass is
being generated annually all over the
world. Once the glass becomes waste
it is disposed as landfills, which is
unsustainable as this does not
decompose in the environment. Glass
is principally composed of silica. Use
of milled (ground) waste glass in
concrete as partial replacement of
cement could be an important step
toward development of sustainable
(environmentally friendly, energy-
efficient and economical).
The replacement of natural fine
aggregate by using quarry dust leads
to consumption of generated quarry
dust, the requirement of land fill area
can be reduced and solve the natural
sand scarcity problem. The sand
availability as a fine aggregate at low
cost which needs the reason to search
as an alternative material. Even it
causes saddle to dump the crusher
dust at one place which cause
environmental pollution. The
chemical analysis, specific gravity,
sieve analysis and compressive
strength is identified for various
percentage and grades of concrete by
replacement of sand with quarry dust.
II. Materials Used
A. Cement
The ordinary Portland cement
of grade 43 is used in this study.
B. Fine Aggregate:
Fine aggregates are basically
sand won from the land or marine
environment. Fine aggregates
generally consists of natural sand or
crushed stone with most particles
passed through a 9.5mm sieve. As
with course aggregate this can be
primary, secondary or recycled
sources.
C. Course Aggregate:
Course aggregates are particles
greater than 4.75mm sieve, but
generally range between 9.5mm to
37.5mm in diameter. They can either
be from primary, secondary or
recycled sources. Primary or Virgin
aggregates are either Land or Marine-
Won. Gravels constitute the majority
of course aggregate used in concrete
with crushed stone making up most of
the remainder.
D. Copper Slag:
Copper Slag is one of the
industrial byproduct or an industrial
waste obtained from copper smelting
industries. Copper Slag is used as an
alternative materials for replacement
of fine aggregate.
E. Glass Powder:
Glass Powder can be obtained by
crushing the waste glass materials.
Generally glass is chemically
composed of silica content.
F. Quarry Dust:
Quarry Dust is a byproduct of
the crushing process which is a
concentrated material to use as
aggregates for concreting purposes,
especially as fine aggregate.
III. Mixing of Materials
The mix design for concrete is in
the proportion of 1:2.62:3.32. For all
the specimens which is to be casted
and tested. In the mix proportion of
1:2.62:3.32, 1-cement, 2.62-fine
aggregate is partially splitted as 30%
of copper slag, 5% of glass powder
and the variation of percentages in
quarry dust such as 5%, 10% and
15%, 3.32-coarse aggregate.
IV. Methodology
A. Sieve Analysis Test:
Sieve analysis is done for sand
as per IS 2386 (part I)-1963. The first
step involves arranging the IS sieves
in the order of 4.75mm-2.36mm-
1.18mm-600µ-300µ-150µ-75µ and
plan. 1kg of fine aggregate is taken
and placed on top of the most sieves.
Sieving is done manually for 15
minutes and weight retained on each
sieve is found. Using the above values
gradient curve is obtained and drawn
in semi log graph sheet to check grade
of sand.
B. Compressive Strength Test:
The standard mould size should
be 150mm x 150mm is used for
casting. Curing is done for 7days,
14days, and 28days. For concrete
cubes and the compression strength
test is done in compressive testing
machine as per IS 516:1959 for
ordinary mix and for the partial
replaced samples.
C. Split Tensile Test:
The standard mould size should
be 150mm x 3000mm is used for
casting. Curing is done for 7days,
14days, and 28days.Split tensile test
is done in compression testing
machine as per IS 5816:1999 for
ordinary mix and for the partial
replaced samples.
V. Result
A. Compressive Strength of
Concrete:
Table: 5.1 Compressive Strength of cube Specimen Strength Mean Value
specimen at 7 days N/mm2 N/mm2

S1 23.54
Specimen Strength Mean Value
N/mm2 N/mm2 24.20
S2 24.37
S1 23.95
S3 24.89
23.23
S2 22.26
Table: 5.4 Compressive Strength of cube
S3 23.50
specimen at 28 days

Table: 5.2 Compressive Strength of cube

specimen at 28 days Specimen Strength Mean Value
N/mm2 N/mm2

Specimen Strength Mean Value 43.29

S1
N/mm2 N/mm2
43.39
S1 39.78 S2 42.95

40.60
S3 43.93
S2 40.46

S3 41.70
% Replacement of 5% of
Compressive Strength N/mm2

Quarry Dust
60
Percent Replacement of (60% of Sand, 40
20
30% of Copper Slag, 5% of Glass Powder,
0
5% of Quarry Dust) 7 days 28 dyas
% Replacement of 5% of Quarry Dust
Table: 5.3 Compressive Strength of cube
specimen at 7 days Conventional Concrete Tested Specimen

Graph: 5.1
Percent Replacement of (55% of Sand,
% Replacement of 10% of

Compressive Strength N/mm2

30% of Copper Slag, 5% of Glass Powder,
Quarry Dust
10% of Quarry Dust) 60
40
Table: 5.5 Compressive Strength of cube 20
specimen at 7 days 0
7 days 28 dyas
% Replacement of 10% of Quarry Dust
Specimen Strength Mean Value
N/mm2 N/mm2 Conventional Concrete Tested Specimen

S1 22.62 Graph: 5.2

23.02
S2 23.30
Percent Replacement of (50% of Sand,
S3 23.16 30% of Copper Slag, 5% of Glass Powder,
15% of Quarry Dust)

Table: 5.7 Compressive Strength of cube

Table: 5.6 Compressive Strength of cube specimen at 7 days
specimen at 28 days

Specimen Strength Mean Value

N/mm2 N/mm2 Specimen Strength Mean Value
N/mm2 N/mm2

S1 40.53
S1 21.15
42.01
S2 43.20 22.06
S2 22.49

S3 42.30
S3 22.55

Table: 5.8 Compressive Strength of cube

specimen at 28 days
 OVERALL STENGTH COMPARISON
OF TESTED CUBE SPECIMEN
Specimen Strength Mean Value
N/mm2 N/mm2

S1 40.78 Overall Strength of 7 days Concrete

40.85 24.5

Compressive Strength N/mm2

S2 41.56 24

23.5
S3 40.21
23

22.5

22

% Replacement of 15% of 21.5

Compressive Strength N/mm2

Quarry Dust 21

60 20.5
40 7 days
20 Overall Strength of 7 days Concrete
0
7 days 28 dyas
% Replacement of 15% of Quarry Dust
Conventional Concrete
% Replacement of 5% of Quarry Dust
Conventional Concrete Tested Specimen
% Replacement of 10% of Quarry Dust
% Replacement of 15% of Quarry Dust

Graph: 5.3
Graph: 5.4
 Table: 5.10 Tensile Strength of cylinder
Overall Strength of 28 days specimen at 28 days
Concrete
Compressive Strength N/mm2

44

43
Specimen Strength Mean Value
N/mm2 N/mm2
42

41 S1 2.92
40
3.44
39 S2 3.48
28 days
Overall Strength of 28 days Concrete
S3 3.92
Conventional Concrete
% Replacement of 5% of Quarry Dust
Percent Replacement of (60% of Sand,
% Replacement of 10% of Quarry Dust
30% of Copper Slag, 5% of Glass Powder,
% Replacement of 15% of Quarry Dust
5% of Quarry Dust)
Graph: 5.5

Table: 5.11 Tensile Strength of cylinder

B. Split Tensile Strength of Concrete specimen at 7 days

Table: 5.9 Tensile Strength of cylinder Specimen Strength Mean Value

specimen at 7 days N/mm2 N/mm2

S1 2.98
Specimen Strength Mean Value
N/mm2 N/mm2 3.13
S2 3.12

S1 2.65
S3 3.30
2.8
S2 2.84

S3 2.71 Table: 5.12 Tensile Strength of cylinder

specimen at 28 days
 Specimen Strength Mean Value Specimen Strength Mean Value
N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2 N/mm2

S1 3.98 S1 2.69

3.60 2.903
S2 3.22 S2 2.93

S3 3.60 S3 3.09

Table: 5.14 Tensile Strength of cylinder

specimen at 28 days
% Replacement of 5% of
Compressive Strength N/mm2

Quarry Dust
Specimen Strength Mean Value
4
N/mm2 N/mm2
2

0 S1 3.45
7 days 28 dyas
% Replacement of 5% of Quarry Dust 3.47
S2 3.18
Conventional Concrete Tested Specimen

S3 3.80
Graph: 5.6

Percent Replacement of (55% of Sand,

30% of Copper Slag, 5% of Glass Powder,
% Replacement of 10% of
Compressive Strength N/mm2

10% of Quarry Dust) Quarry Dust

4

2
Table: 5.13 Tensile Strength of cylinder
specimen at 7 days 0
7 days 28 dyas
% Replacement of 10% of Quarry Dust

Conventional Concrete Tested Specimen

Graph: 5.7
Percent Replacement of (50% of Sand,
% Replacement of 15% of

Compressive Strength N/mm2

30% of Copper Slag, 5% of Glass Powder,
Quarry Dust
15% of Quarry Dust) 4

Table: 5.15 Tensile Strength of cylinder 0

7 days 28 dyas
specimen at 7 days
% Replacement of 15% of Quarry Dust

Conventional Concrete Tested Specimen

Specimen Strength Mean Value
N/mm2 N/mm2
Graph: 5.8
S1 2.48
OVERALL STENGTH COMPARISON
2.74 OF TESTED CUBE SPECIMEN
S2 2.62
Overall Strength of 7 days Concrete
S3 3.14 3.2
Compressive Strength N/mm2

3.1

Table: 5.16 Tensile Strength of cylinder 2.9

specimen at 28 days 2.8

2.7

Specimen Strength Mean Value 2.6

N/mm2 N/mm2
2.5
7 days
S1 2.74 Overall Strength of 7 days Concrete

3.10
S2 2.97 Conventional Concrete
% Replacement of 5% of Quarry Dust
% Replacement of 10% of Quarry Dust
S3 3.61
% Replacement of 15% of Quarry Dust

Graph: 5.9

Overall Strength of 28 days
Concrete
Compressive Strength N/mm2
3.7
3.6
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.2
3.1
3 
2.9
2.8
28 days
Overall Strength of 28 days Concrete
Conventional Concrete
% Replacement of 5% of Quarry Dust
% Replacement of 10% of Quarry Dust
% Replacement of 15% of Quarry Dust
Graph: 5.10
VI. Conclusion
Based on the experimental study, the
following results have been found,
 The optimum percentage of partial
replacement for fine aggregate by
Copper Slag, Glass Powder and
Quarry Dust of M40 grade concrete,
the target mean compressive strength
of the tested specimen have been
studied.
 By the usage of Copper slag, Glass
powder and Quarry Dust can be able
to reduce the waste landfills and the
dumping yard to reduce the soil
pollution.
 The mineral admixtures have been
added at an percent replacement for
fine aggregate was 30% and 5%
replacement of (Copper Slag and
Glass Powder respectively) and the
alternative variation of percentages of
5%, 10%, and 15% of Quarry Dust
has done.
It has been noted that the compressive
strength achievement slightly
decreases when the percent
replacement of Quarry Dust
increases.
 So it is possible to replace the fine
aggregate in concrete by lesser
amount of (30%) with Copper Slag,
(5%) of Glass Powder and (5%) of
Quarry Dust to withstand the strength
requirements and it shown the
compressive strength attained by the
tested specimen is higher than the
conventional concrete.
VII. Reference
1. A. M. Neville & J. J. Books,
“Concrete technology” international
student edition 1999, ISBN 981-35-
840-4, Addison Wesley Longman
Ltd.
2. M.S Shetty, “Properties of concrete
theory and practice”, fourth edition,
ISBN 81-219-0348-3, S. Chand &
company Ltd.
3. A.R. Santhakumar, “Concrete
technology” oxford university press
2007.
4. IS: 383-1970 “specification for
coarse and fine aggregate from
 natural sources for concrete”, (2nd
revision), BIS, New Delhi.
5. IS: 516-1959 “method of test for
strength of concrete”, BIS, New Delhi
6. IS: 456-2000 “Indian standard plain
and reinforced concrete code of
practice”, (fourth revision).
7. G. M. Sadiqul Islam, M. H.
Rahman, Nayem Kazi. (et al 2017
[6]) Flow and compressive
strength tests on mortar and concrete
were carried out by adding 0–25%
ground glass in which water to binder
(cement + glass) ratio is kept the same
for all replacement levels. A 20%
replacement of cement with waste
glass was found convincing
considering cost and the
environment.
8. M. V. Patil, Y. D. Patil, G.R.
Veshmawala. (et al 2016 [11]) .
Copper slag is one of the waste
materials which can be used in the
construction, as partial or full
replacement of fine aggregate. M30
grade concrete was used and various
tests like compressive, flexural, split
tensile strength were conducted for
different proportions of copper slag
and sand from 0 to 100%.
9. Pranshu Saxena, Ashish Simalti.
(et al 2015 [3]) A comprehensive
review of studies has been presented
in this paper for scope of replacement
of fine aggregate from copper slag in
concrete.
10. G. Vijayakumar, H. Vishaliny, D.
Goindarajulu. (et al 2013 [3]) Glass
powder was partially replaced as
10%, 20%, 30% and 40% and tested
for its compressive, Tensile and
flexural strength up to 60 days of age
and were compared with those of
conventional concrete; from the
results obtained, it is found that glass
powder can be used as cement
replacement material upto particle
size less than 75µm to prevent alkali
silica reaction.
11. G. Balamurugan, P. Perumal. (et
al 2013 [3]) This experimental study
presents the variation in the strength
of concrete when replacing sand by
quarry dust from 0% to 100% in steps
of 10%. This result gives a clear
picture that quarry dust can be
utilized in concrete mixtures as a
good substitute for natural river sand
giving higher strength at 50%
replacement.