Co-Current

Readings TT1 TT2 TT3 TT4 TT5 TT6

( tHin ) ( tHmid ) ( tHout ) ( tCout) ( tCmid) ( tCin)
˚C ˚C ˚C ˚C ˚C ˚C
59.9 54.5 51.1 26.6 33.4 38

Calculations Power Power Power Efficiency tm U

Emitted Absorbed Lost % ˚C W/𝑚2 𝐾
W W W

Temperature Flow Reynold Nusselt Surface Theoritical Experimental Percentage Type

T Rate Number Number Heat U U error of
(˚C) Q Re Nu Transfer (W/𝑚2 𝐾) (W/𝑚2 𝐾) (%) flow
(L/min) Coefficient
h
(W/𝑚2 𝐾)
Hot
Water
Cold
Water

Power emitted = 𝑄𝐻 𝜌𝐻 𝐶𝑝𝐻 ( T𝐻𝑖𝑛 − 𝑇𝐻𝑜𝑢𝑡 )

Power absorbed = 𝑄𝐶 𝜌𝐶 𝐶𝑝𝐶 ( T𝐶𝑜𝑢𝑡 - T𝐶𝑖𝑛 )

𝑄𝐻 = 2.0 L/min 𝑄𝐶 = 1.5 𝐿/𝑚𝑖𝑛

Power lost = power emitted – power absorbed

System efficiency , = x 100%

Log mean temperature difference =

Overall heat transfer coefficient, U =

Area = surface area contact

= pi x ODinner pipe x Length

= ( 3.142 x 0.015 x 1.36)

= 0.0641
Calculation A = Co-Current Flow Arrangement

1𝑚3 1𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑄𝐻 = 2.0 L/min x x = 3.333 x 10−5 𝑚3 /𝑠
1000𝐿 60 𝑠𝑒𝑐

1𝑚3 1𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑄𝐶 = 1.5 L/min x x = 2.5 x 10−5 𝑚3 /s
1000𝐿 60 𝑠𝑒𝑐

Calculation for experimental values

Average Temperature at TH and TC ,

𝑇𝐻,𝑖𝑛 + 𝑇𝐻,𝑜𝑢𝑡 59.9+ 51.1
𝑇𝐻,𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = = = 55.5
2 2

𝑇𝐶,𝑖𝑛 + 𝑇𝐶,𝑜𝑢𝑡 38+26.6

𝑇𝐶,𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑔𝑒 = = = 32.3
2 2

Density of the water at TH, average and TC, average ,

𝜌𝐻 (𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 ) =

Specific Heat Capacity at TH, average and TC, average

55
𝐶𝑝𝐻 (𝐽. 𝑘𝑔, 𝐾) = 55.5℃ -
60

𝐶𝑝𝑐 (𝐽. 𝑘𝑔, 𝐾) =

Counter Current

Readings TT1 TT2 TT3 TT4 TT5 TT6

( tHin ) ( tHmid ) ( tHout ) ( tCout) ( tCmid) ( tCin)
˚C ˚C ˚C ˚C ˚C ˚C
59.9 55.1 50.7 38.1 32.5 26.6

Calculations Power Power Power Efficiency tm U

Emitted Absorbed Lost % ˚C (W/𝑚2 𝐾)
W W W

Temperature Flow Reynold Nusselt Surface Theoritical Experimental Percentage Type

T Rate Number Number Heat U U error of
(˚C) Q Re Nu Transfer (W/𝑚2 𝐾) (W/𝑚2 𝐾) (%) flow
(L/min) Coefficient
h
(W/𝑚2 𝐾)
Hot
Water
Cold
Water