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Abstract-In this paper a low cost and user friendly remote wireless and GSM systems. Bluetooth technology has ability
controlled home automation system is presented using Arduino to transmit data serially up to 3 Mbps within a physical range
board, Bluetooth module, smartphone, ultrasonic sensor and of 10m to 100m depending on the type of Bluetooth device.
moisture sensor. A smartphone application is used in the suggested
system which allows the users to control up to 18 devices including The proposed method presents the design and
home appliances and sensors using Bluetooth technology. implementation of a robust, low cost and user friendly home
Nowadays, most of conventional home automation systems are automation system using Bluetooth technology. The design of
designed for special purposes while proposed system is a general proposed method is based on Arduino board, Bluetooth module,
purpose home automation system. Which can easily be implement sensors and smartphone application. Bluetooth module HC-06
in existing home. The suggested system has more features than
is interfaced with Arduino board and home appliances are
conventional home automation systems such as an ultrasonic
sensor is used for water level detection and soil moisture sensor is connected with Arduino board via relay. Smartphone
use for automatic plant irrigation system. This paper also application is used for serial communication between
describes the hardware and software architecture of system, smartphone and Bluetooth module which is further connected
future work and scope. The proposed prototype of home with Arduino board. Proposed method has ability to not only
automation system is implemented and tested on hardware and it remotely control the appliances but it also monitors the sensors.
gave the exact and expected results. Nowadays most of conventional home automation systems are
designed for elderly, handicapped people or for any special
Keywords-Home automation; Smartphone; Arduino;
purpose. The proposed method is not only suitable for elderly
Bluetooth; Home appliances
and handicapped people but it also provides a general purpose
I. INTRODUCTION home automation system, which can easily implement in
existing home. An ultrasonic sensor is used for water level
Home automation system is use of information technologies
detection and soil moisture sensor is used for automatic
and control system to reduce the human labor. The rapid growth
irrigation system to provide more ease and facilities to users.
of technologies influence us to use smartphones to remotely
control the home appliances. An automated devices has ability In next section related work is discussed. In section III,
to work with versatility, diligence and with lowest error rate [1]. overall system description is presented. Section IV describes
The idea of home automation system is a significant issue for the hardware architecture and section V describes the software
researchers and home appliances companies. Automation architecture of proposed work. Result and analysis are
system not only helps to decrease the human labor but it also highlighted in section VI. Finally section VII, described the
saves time and energy [2-3]. Early home automation systems conclusion and future work.
were used in labor saving machines but nowadays its main
objective is provide facilities to elderly and handicapped people II. RELATED WORK
to perform their daily routine tasks and control the home Several remote controlled home automation systems have
appliances remotely. The Allied Business Intelligence (ABI) been studied. R.Piyare and M.Tazil research work [14]
research [4] reports that almost l.5 million automatic home provided full functionality to remotely control home appliances
appliances were installed in United States of America (USA) via wireless communication between the Arduino BT and cell
during 2012 and their increasing rate is 45.2%. In wireless phone using Bluetooth technology. Arduino BT board was
based home automation system different type of technologies connected with home appliance and it was controlled by a
such as ZigBee [5], Z-Wave [6], Global System for Mobile Symbian OS cell phone application. Symbian OS cell phone
(GSM) [7], General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) [8], Infrared can only support the python language scripts and this system
[9], wireless fidelity (Wi-Fi) [10-11] and Bluetooth [12] are failed to support Java based application, nowadays mostly
used, each technology has their own pros and cons. ABluetooth smartphone applications are developed in Java. Similarly,
based wireless home automation system can be implement with another study presented home automation system using
a low cost and it is easy to install in an existing home [13]. A Bluetooth and android application. However, this was designed
research work proved that Bluetooth system are faster than only for 4 lights and it was not feasible to control more than 4
--
chipKIT. Although this system mentioned as low cost system
--
but it is much expensive than Bluetooth base home automation
system [17]. A low cost and wireless controlled automation
system was designed by researchers [18]. Bluetooth technology
was used to provide remote controlled wireless access to user. User Smartphone Bluetooth Arduino
Although this system achieved high accuracy but it only aimed
I .--
module
to provide facilities and assistance to disabled and elderly.
Home
In [19], a petrol level indicator was designed and appliances
,r-.-.-.---------.
. I
implemented on hardware using two ultrasonic sensors (HC I
SR-04), liquid crystal display (LCD), micro SD card and Atmel Wireless connection
ARV controller. The system has ability to measure the petrol ---- ~ I
I
level 0.03-3 meters inside the fuel tank. Moreover system i Electric fan Television Air conditioner I
I
indicate the users if the petrol level drop below the fixed level. ~.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.j
In [20], an overview of different home automation systems Fig. 1. Block diagram of proposed system
in presents. Authors highlight the advantages and disadvantages
of different technologies such as Bluetooth, ZigBee, GSM and
EnOcean. The Bluetooth based automation system are low cost
and enables the user to control appliances within the range of
Bluetooth network.
SIM1
Ultrasonic Frequency - 40 - kHz
DDDDDD
:t>:t>:t>i(;:t>:t> G)01 :til Effectual Angle 0 15 - Degree
rb::~£:::~:1
Ranging Distance 2 400 cm
Trigger Input Pulse - 10 - uS
width
~))~~~..
Echo
A. Arduino IDE
IDE stands for Integrated Development Environment, entire
programming for proposed system is done in Arduino IDE tool.
Start Pulse
JL~ Baud rate is set to 9600 bits per second for serial
CJE[). ~~========~--~ communication between Arduino board and smartphone.
~ L
Echo Time Pulse Arduino IDE command "Serial. Available 0" is used to receive
data serially from smartphone and "Serial.printlnO" command
Fig. 4.Working principle of ultrasonic sensor is used to transmit data serially from Arduino board to
Ping is input ultrasonic waves which are transmitted at the smartphone. The code to receive data serial from smartphone is
velocity of340 mls and Echo is reflected output of sensor which shown below.
is used to determine the distance. The ultrasonic sensor HC-
SR04 parameter specification with their limitations are given in
Table 1. int state;
In proposed work ultrasonic sensor is used for the if(Serial.availableO > 0) % checking for serial input
measurement of water level inside the water tank. It measure
the distance of water level from the top of water tank and gives
its report on smartphone application using Bluetooth
State variable is used to store the value of received byte and were connected with Arduino Uno RX and TX pins
then it is compared with different condition and perform the respectively, while ultrasonic sensor Echo and Trigger pins
specific operation. The Arduino IDE code for turn ON and OFF were connected with Arduino Uno pin 6 and 7 respectively and
Light is shown below. their VCC pins were connected with 5V DC supply. The home
appliances lamp, electric motor and fan were connected with
Arduino Uno digital output ports with the help ofrelays. Relays
if (state == '0') %condition check were used for 5V to 240V switching circuitry. Fig. 5illustrates
{ the schematic of proposed home automation system with 5V-
Serial.println("LIGHT ON"); 240V switching circuitry.
digitaIWrite(LIGHT, HIGH); %Turn On the Light
REFERENCE