SAFETY AND HEALTH ISSUE

The occupational safety and health issue focuses on several aspects of workplace safety and
health. Among the most prominent of Organizational safety and Health Administration
(OSHA) concerns are on-the-job injuries, exposure to hazardous chemicals, a broad range of
occupational diseases, and death due to workplace violence. The nature of this Safety and
Health issues.

 On-the-job injuries
 Hazardous Substances
 Occupational Diseases
 Smoking in the workplace
 Musculoskeletal Disorders
 AIDS and Others Blood borne Pathogens
 Drugs in the Workplace
 Psychological Health

.1 On-the-job injuries: The reduction of on the job injuries is one of the main goals of the
occupational safety and health Act of 1970. There are many factors that have been
related to worksite accidents.

Individuals Factors Task Related Factors Organizational Factors

 Workers  Night shift work  Medium sized

inexperience  Early in shift organization
 Worker stress  Rotating shift  Specific dangerous
 Use of improper industries
techniques
 Use of
inappropriate tools
 Workers
carelessness

.2 Hazardous Substances: Hazardous substances represent a special category of agents that

can inflict injuries on the job. Hazard refers to the inherent properties of a chemical substance
that make it capable of causing harm to a person or the environment.
Exposure describes both the amount of, and the frequency with which, a chemical substance
comes into contact with a person, group of people or the environment. Risk is the possibility of
a harm arising from a particular exposure to a chemical substance, under specific conditions.

.3 Occupational Diseases: Occupational diseases are long term health problems caused by
substances that are absorbed through the skin, inhaled from the atmosphere, taken internally
through the mouth or affect on the five senses. Some occupational diseases and their causes.

Condition and Typical Industries or Occupations Agent

Symptoms

Silicon Tuberculosis: Silica processors, Mining, Silica

Decrease of maximum Ceramic industries.
breathing capacity, Chest
pain, Disturbed Sleep etc.
Anthrax: Red-Brown Farmers, Butchers, Weavers. Bacillus anthraces
papule skin eruption, Pus-
like pimples, muscle pain
etc.

.3.1 Smoking in the workplace: Smoking is defined as being in possession of a lit substance such
as tobacco or any other substance that can be smoked. This includes any type of cigarette, pipe,
cigar or water pipe used to smoke tobacco. The smoking ban applies to enclosed or substantially
enclosed workplaces where more than one person works, regardless of whether they are paid
or voluntary, or whether they work at the same or different times or only intermittently.

Employers are required by law to:

 Display no-smoking signs in workplaces and work vehicles.

 Take reasonable steps to make sure that staff, customers, members and visitors are aware
that they may not smoke in the premises or in work vehicles.

.3.2 Musculoskeletal Disorders: Musculoskeletal Disorders or MSDs are injuries and disorders that
affect the human body’s movement or musculoskeletal system. ligaments, nerves, discs, blood. There
is also two nature of musculoskeletal disorders.

3.2.1 Ergonomic Risk Factors: Examples: Force, Repetition, Posture.

3.2.2 Individual Risk Factors: Examples: Poor work, Poor health habits, Poor fitness.