INTRODUCTION TO INDETERMINATE STRUCTURE

As discussed previously, the support reactions and

internal forces of statically determinate structures can be
determined from the equations of equilibrium (including
equations of condition, if any

However, since indeterminate structures have more

support reactions and/or members than required for
static stability, the equilibrium equations alone are not
sufficient for determining the reactions and internal
forces of such structures, and must be supplemented by
additional relationships based on the geometry of
deformation of structures

These additional relationships, which are termed the

compatibility conditions, ensure that the continuity of the
displacements is maintained throughout the structure and that
the structure’s various parts fit together
Advantages and disadvantages of indeterminate Structure

1. Smaller Stresses The maximum stresses in statically

indeterminate structures are generally lower than those in
comparable determinate structures
Advantages and disadvantages of indeterminate Structure

2. Greater Stiffnesses Statically indeterminate structures generally

have higher sti¤nesses (i.e., smaller deformations), than those of
comparable determinate structures

3. Redundancies Statically indeterminate structures, if properly

designed, have the capacity for redistributing loads when certain
structural portions become overstressed or collapse in cases of
overloads due to earthquakes, tornadoes, impact (e.g., gas
explosions or vehicle impacts), and other such events.
Indeterminate structures have more members and/or support
reactions than required for static stability, so if a part (or member
or support) of such a structure fails, the entire structure will not
necessarily collapse, and the loads will be redistributed to the
adjacent portions of the structure
Disadvantages of indeterminate Structure

1. Stresses Due to Support Settlements Support settlements do not

cause any stresses in determinate structures; they may, however,
induce significant stresses in indeterminate structures, which
should be taken into account when designing indeterminate
structures
Disadvantages of indeterminate Structure
2.Stresses Due to Temperature Changes and Fabrication Errors
Like support settlements, these effects do not cause stresses in
determinate structures but may induce significant stresses in
indeterminate ones
 ANALYSIS OF INDETERMINATE STRUCTURE

Fundamental Relationships
Regardless of whether a structure is statically determinate or
indeterminate, its complete analysis requires the use of three types
of relationships:
Equilibrium equations
Compatibility conditions
Member force-deformation relations

The equilibrium equations relate the forces acting on the structure

(or its parts), ensuring that the entire structure as well as its parts
remain in equilibrium; the compatibility conditions relate the
displacements of the structure so that its various parts fit together;
and the member force deformation relations, which involve the
material and cross-sectional properties (E;I, and A) of the
members, provide the necessary link between the forces and
displacements of the structure
FOR EXAMPLE
Since the mid-1800s, many methods have been
developed for analyzing statically indeterminate
structures. These methods can be broadly classified
into two categories, namely, the force (flexibility)
methods and the displacement (stiffness) methods,
depending on the type of unknowns (forces or
displacements, respectively), involved in the solution
of the governing equations