SEPP Puerto Galera Revised Final Version-1

1.
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
The 160.5 km long by 84.5 km wide island of Mindoro was first mentioned in Chinese annals
when merchants from Cathay on ships carrying native products traded on the island in 982 AD.
Ship captains and their men often referred to the island as “Mai”, which was later corroborated
by the Chinese historian Chen-Jua Kuan in the first known description of Mindoro in 1225 AD.
The name “Mindoro” was derived from Minoro, sometimes spelled Minolo - a small coastal
settlement northwest of the poblacion of present day Puerto Galera. Captain Martin de Goiti and
Juan de Salcedo explored Western Mindoro on their way to Manila on May 8, 1570. After
fighting with the Moro pirates and capturing the island of Lubang, Legaspi imposed Spanish rule
upon the natives of Northern Mindoro the following year. While Moro piracy was in existence
during the 17th century, the island was organized into a corregimiento, with Puerto Galera as
the capital. The island became part of Bonbon (Taal, Batangas) under the encomienda of
Calilaya (Unisan, Quezon Province).
Since the 10th century, Puerto Galera was known to seafarers as a trading port and a strategic
harbor along the important trade routes to and from the Near East, Indian coast, Indo-Chinese
coast, China, various points within the Philippine archipelago, and the kingdoms of Sumatra and
Java. The Muelle Bay area, recognized as one of the safest natural harbors in Asia, was used
extensively for dock repairs and as a safe anchorage for all types of sailing vessels.
Sixteenth century reference to Mindoro often only meant the harbor of Minolo, which was then
the center of trading between the Chinese and the natives. Chinese merchants bartered glazed
porcelains for gold, jade, corals, shells, birds, rattan, and other forest products that were
abundant on the island. The antiques unearthed from an ancient gravesite near Minolo were
traced back as early as the 10th and 15th centuries. Most are Chinese, but substantial quantities
from Thailand and Vietnam have also been excavated.
When the Spaniards discovered the island of Mindoro in the early 17th century, the natural
beauty and safe heaven that is Muelle Bay astonished them. They thus named the land Puerto
de Galleon or Port of Galleon. It was later called Puerto Galera.
When the Spaniards conquered the whole island, they made Puerto Galera the capital of the
province. Due to the regularity of the Moro attacks, the Spaniards built watchtowers and
stationed battleships outside Muelle Bay to deter the Moros. One such battleship was the
Cañonero Mariveles, which sunk due to a violent storm in 1879. The Spaniards also built a rice
granary in Puerto Galera that was used to stash grains ready for shipment. This grain storage
was believed to have caught fire in the late 18th century, but the carbonized palay grains were
preserved by sea water and remain scattered along Muelle Bay to this day.
The natives primarily lived by fishing, crude farming and hunting. They raised animals, planted
rice, corn, sweet potatoes and other root crops - using the slash and burn method to clear and
prepare the land for planting. Then the Spaniards introduced the plow - increasing the
productivity of the land. However, the tributes and taxes imposed by the Spanish government
discouraged farmers, causing them to seek other means of livelihood.
The Comprehensive Land Use Plan
Socio-Economic and Physical Profile
1
After more than two centuries the capital of the province was transferred to Calapan (the
present capital of Oriental Mindoro), which was geographically blessed with wide agricultural
lands. Puerto Galera became a barrio of Calapan. It was only on December 7, 1927, when the
Philippine Congress passed Act 3415, that the municipality of Puerto Galera was created.
The people of Puerto Galera engaged in shipbuilding and repair, mat weaving, fishing, and
crude farming before the advent of tourism in their town. It was only in the early 1970’s that
Puerto Galera, by word of mouth, was established as a tourist destination. The earliest tourists
would stay in the homes of the locals for periods of several weeks to several months. This was
the origin of backyard tourism in Puerto Galera. This type of hosting, called “bed and breakfast”
in other settings, became the backbone of the thriving tourism program. In Puerto Galera the
trade benefited not only private homes turned pension houses, but local traders, market
vendors and stall owners as well who found new and brisk markets from visitors. The local
transport operators had to expand their fleet to accommodate heavier volumes of visitors,
particularly during the peak tourist months of March to June and November.
2. PHYSICAL ATTRIBUTES
2.1 Location, Total Land Area and Land Area by Barangay
Puerto Galera is a Y-shaped peninsula located on the north shores of Mindoro Island, 130 km
south of Manila and 14 nautical miles from Batangas City or 13°23' to 13°32'N; 120°50' to 121°00'E
in Geographic Positioning System (GPS). It consists of twelve coastal barangays and one
upland barangay covering a total land Table 1. Land Area and Percent Share by Barangay,
area of 25,247.23 hectares. On the Puerto Galera
northern part is the Verde Island
Passage, and Mt. Baco and Mt. Barangay
Total Land Area Percent
Malasimbo marked the south (ha.) Share (%)
boundaries. It shares common Aninuan 2,168.737 8.59
boundaries with the adjacent town Baclayan 2,736.800 10.84
San Teodoro on the northeast and Balatero 1,431.518 5.67
Abra de Ilog of Occidental Mindoro on Dulangan 1,295.183 5.13
the northwest. Palangan 386.283 1.53
Poblacion 376.184 1.49
Among the 13 barangays, Barangay Sabang 449.401 1.78
Tabinay, the largest barangay, shares San Antonio 113.612 0.45
38.69% or 9,768.153 hectares. San Isidro 853.356 3.38
Baclayan, the only upland barangay, Sinandigan 456.975 1.81
covers 10.84% or 2,736.800 hectares. Sto. Nino 532.716 2.11
San Antonio, the smallest barangay in Tabinay 9,768.153 38.69
Puerto Galera, has a total land area of Villaflor 4,678.312 18.53
only 113.612 sharing 0.45% of the Total 25,247.230 100.00
total municipal territory.
Source: MPDO, 2008

2
Source: MPDO, 2008
Figure 1. Location Map
2.2 Topography and Slopes
In general, the coasts of Puerto Galera are characterized by rolling topography, while peaks and
promontories are dominant inland. The highest point in the area is the 1,430 meters peak of
Mt. Balatic, while the lowest is Mt. Alinyaban (934 m.). The rounded mountain ridges indicate
weathering action on resistant rocks. The general northeast trend of the mountain range is
displayed by the drainage divide from Mt. Burburugan to Puerto Galera. This trend is repeated
on the south by the peaks of Mt. Micnic and Mt. Balatic. Draining these two parallel ridges,
numerous streams and rivers empty into the Verde island passage and Apo East passage. The
mountain slopes are steep, particularly those flanking large streams. Sharp V-shaped gullies and
numerous waterfalls reflect the young topography of the area. A wide valley exists at 1000 m.
elevation in the headwaters of Linao Cawayan River, between the peaks of Mt. Burburugan and
Mt. Balatic. This valley may have been formed by fluvial sedimentation on a dammed river and
is presently the site of an indigenous community of Mangyans (Miguel Fortes, 1997).
Puerto Galera is also described as a place of zigzag roads and considered the “Baguio” of
Mindoro because of its rugged topography. The land is generally mountainous and crisscrossed
by numerous streams and rivers. Backed by the Cabarian Ridge, and the 680-meter high
pyramidal Mt. Malasimbo, its 35.25-km long hilly landmass extends towards the sea and
spreads out a maximum of 13.4 km across. There are three mountain ranges in the municipality
covering 11.75 square kilometers, namely: Mt. Alinyaban in Barangay Balatero, Mt. Talipanan in
Barangays Aninuan and San Isidro, and Mt. Malasimbo in Barangay Aninuan.

3
The Bureau of Soils and Water Resources reported that approximately 126 hectares of Puerto
Galera’s total land area are characterized of having a slope of 0-1% that are ideal for fishpond
and recreation. Around 1,701 hectares falls under a slope of 0-8% that are suitable for
intensive agricultural production. A slope of 8-15% covers 11,181.23 hectares which can be
utilized for limited cultivation. The remaining 12,239 hectares are upland areas having a steep
slope and are recommended for forest and wild life habitat.
2.3 Soil Composition
The characterization of the soils of Puerto Galera was undertaken through a process, which
began by conducting field mapping. Landscape and underlying formations were examined
systematically in several representative locations. Soils were then characterized morphologically.
Soil borings were made with augers and test pits dug. The soil observations considered the
complexities of the landscape, changes of physiography and soil profile. Soil samples from
selected sites were collected for complete laboratory analysis and from which the profile
descriptions were characterized. At Puerto Galera, five soil series were described. These are the
following:
A. MOGPOG SERIES: Soils are deep, well drained under the coarse loamy family. Formed
on level to nearly level landscapes, which are formerly on fluvial regions, bordering the
narrow coasts surrounded by hills and mountains. These are located at 140 meters, N
60degrees W of Balatero Elementary School and 507.5 hectares in extent.
B. LUGO SERIES: Soils are moderately deep, well drained and under the fine clayey family.
Located at 2,650 meters N 65degrees E of Puerto Galera and about 350 meters north of
Barangay Sinandigan, 465 hectares in extent, more or less.
1. Lugo Clay: 2.0 to 7.0% slopes. Mapped adjacent to the narrow beaches in the
northeastern portion of Puerto Galera, approximately 25 hectares in extent.
2. Lugo Clay: 7.0 to 15% slopes. Mapped at the tip of Mindoro Island in hilly portions
towering the sea, 65 hectares in extent.
3. Lugo Clay: 15 to 25% slopes. 375 hectares in extent. Occurs in hilly to mountainous
or elevated lands. Located at the northeastern portion of the town proper of Puerto
Galera.
C. MAASIN SERIES: Soils are moderately deep, well drained, under the fine
clayey family. This series is formed in moderately steep, hilly and mountainous
locations; developed from shale.
1. Maasin Clay Loam 15 to 25% slopes. Occurring on hilly landscapes, mapped in the
northern part, south of Puerto Galera, 715 hectares in extent.
2. Maasin Clay Loam 25 to 40% slopes. Occurring on steep landscapes. Mapped in the
eastern, northern and southern portions of Puerto Galera, 2110 hectares in extent.
3. Maasin Clay Loam 40 to 60% slopes. Occurring on very steep landscapes in the
western portion and extending up to the portion of Puerto Galera, 4670 hectares in
extent.
4
D. MALALAG SERIES: Soil is fine clayey, moderately shallow and well drained. Located on
rugged mountain ranges developed from shale and other quartz material, approximately
300 meters, South 20 degrees West of Barangay Dulangan. Occur on very steep
landscapes. Mapped from the central part of the area extending to the southern and
westerns sides of Puerto Galera, 2,907 hectares in extent.
E. ALIMODIAN SERIES: Occur on very steep landscapes.
The table below shows the extent of the soils of Puerto Galera. The table is
accompanied by the recommended land use and required soil management or
conservation measures to adapt for each soil unit.
So far 11,812.5 hectares of the lands of Puerto Galera have been characterized for their
soil properties.
Table 2. Area and Extent of Soils of Puerto Galera

Recommended Land Use and Required Soil Management or Conservation Measures
Soil Mapping Area Percentage
Recommended Land Use, Soil Management Or Conservation Measures
Unit Name (Ha.) %
Suited to a wide variety of crops like lowland rice, corn, vegetables,
legumes like mongo and soybean, and serghum. Application of organic
Mogpog silt loam
507.5 3.55 matter will improve the fertility level, physical characteristics of the soil,
0.0 to 2.0% slope
and water holding capacity. Fertilization and use of improved variety
pesticides are recommended
Suited to wide variety of crops. Measures to prevent erosion are
Lugo clay
25 0.17 contour flowing, green maturing, crop rotation with legumes as one of
2.0 to 7.0% slope
the crops every 3-4 years, contour planting, fertilization and the like.
Suitable to crops like corn, upland rice, sorghum and others, provided
Lugo clay
contour plowing, terracing, strip cropping, cover cropping, crop
7.0 to 15.0%
65 0.54 rotation, fertilization and buffer strip cropping are employed. Best
slope
suited to permanent crops like coffee, banana, mango, coconut and
slightly
other locally adopted fruit trees, and for pasture purposes.
Suited to coconut, banana, coffee, cashew, abaca, mango, rubber and
Lugo clay other locally adopted fruit trees. Cover crops, fertilization, contour
15.0 to 25.0% planting are also recommended to minimize erosion. Can still be grown
375 2.72
slope to raw crops like corn, upland rice, sorghum and others provided
slightly eroded erosion control measures like terracing, strip cropping and buffering are
employed.
Recommended for pasture if pasture rotation every 3-4 months is
practiced and number of cattle heads is limited to prevent ever grazing.
Maasin clay loam
Can be still be grown to permanent crops like corn, coffee, coconut,
25.0 to 40.0% 360 1.92
mango, banana, abaca, rubber and other locally adopted fruit trees
slope
provided cover cropping, contour planting and other erosion control
measures employed.
Source: Soils and Water Management Bureau, DA (SEPP, 2008)

5
Table 2. Area and Extent of Soils of Puerto Galera
Recommended Land Use and Required Soil Management or Conservation Measures
Soil Mapping Area Percentage
Recommended Land Use, Soil Management Or Conservation Measures
Unit Name (Ha.) %
Maasin clay loam Can still be utilized for pasture but best suited for forestry purposes. If
40.0 to 60.0% used for pasture, it will need very liberal fertilization, liming and
slope 1355 9.89 reseeding. For forestry, the trees to be planted should be those growing
no apparent well in the locality.
erosion Selective cutting should be observed.
Can still be utilized for pasture but best suited for forestry purposes. If
Maasin clay loam used for pasture, it will need very liberal fertilization, liming and
40.0 to 60.0% reseeding. For forestry, the trees to be planted should be those growing
3315 23.61
slope well in the locality.
slightly eroded
Selective cutting should be observed.
Malalag clay loam Can still be utilized for pasture but best suited for forestry purposes. If
40.0 to 60.0% used for pasture, it will need very liberal fertilization, liming and
slope 2412.5 16.49 reseeding. For forestry, the trees to be planted should be those growing
no apparent well in the locality.
erosion Selective cutting should be observed.
Can still be utilized for pasture but best suited for forestry purposes. If
Malalag clay loam used for pasture, it will need very liberal fertilization, liming and
40.0 to 60.0% reseeding. For forestry, the trees to be planted should be those growing
495 3.57
slope well in the locality.
slightly eroded
Selective cutting should be observed.
Recommended for pasture if pasture rotation every 3-4 months is
Alimodian clay
practiced and number of cattle heads is limited to prevent ever grazing.
25.0 to 40.0%
Can be still be grown to permanent crops like corn, coffee, coconut,
slope 102.5 0.74
mango, banana, abaca, rubber and other locally adopted fruit trees
no apparent
provided cover cropping, contour planting and other erosion control
erosion
measures employed.
Alimodian clay Can still be used for pasture but best suited for forestry purposes. If
40.0 to 60.0% used for pasture, it will need liberal fertilization, liming and reseeding.
2762.5 19.2
slope apparent For forestry, it will need selective logging.
erosion
Beach sand 32.5 0.22 May be grown to coconut and source of construction materials.
Swamp, Brackish 5 0.03 For wildlife, fish ponds and salt beds.
TOTAL 11,812.5
Source: Soils and Water Management Bureau, DA (SEPP, 2008)
2.4 Geology, Faults and Trenches
2.4.1 Geology
The basement complex of Puerto Galera is pre-Jurassic. It is made of undifferentiated

amphibolite, quartzofeldspathic and mica schist, and phyllites-slates frequently associated with
marble and quartzite. The landform is broadly folded, with some narrow zones of close folding

6
broken by up thrusts. The prevailing schistsity is generally parallel; some are oblique and/ or
perpendicular to the bedding.
About the oldest form of life found in the Philippines belongs to the horn coral (Gshelia), a
conical marine form that once lived during the Carboniferous, some 350 million years ago.
These were recovered in Puerto Galera. Also from Mindoro, thorn species of foramifera have
been identified as having lived about 30 million years ago. These are the Reusella spinolosa,
found in Puerto Galera, similar to a type from the Miocene in Europe, the Globigerinoids ruber,
also going back to the Miocene and the Haurina fragilissima known in Oligocene rocks.
N
2.4.2 Faults and Trenches Simplified tectonic

map of the
PHILIPPINES
Two (2) major fault systems indirectly affect
Puerto Galera. Lubang Fault which is the east-
Trough
west trending high-angle fault has its eastern
TRENCH
terminus in the vicinity of the town. The other is
zon
Lu
the Central Mindoro Fault which is a northwest- Philippine Sea
MANILA
southeast trending normal fault with its north
H
NC
terminus pointing towards Puerto Galera. Other
ea
aS
RE
fault lines are branches of the two major fault
h in
T
hC
INE
systems. These branch fault lines were
t
Sou
P
specifically identified as follows:
ILIP
NEG NCH
ROS
PH
CH TRE
1. The Aglubang River Fault, which is a
branch of the Central Mindoro Fault, Sulu Sea
follows a north-south axis; and

EN
TR
2. Manila Trench follows a north-south axis.
TR.
LU
SU
TO
The simplified tectonic map of the Philippines
A
AB
Celebes Sea
T
shows the approximate location of major
CO
trenches. Source: SEPP, 2008
Figure 2. Simplified Tectonic Map of

the Philippines

7
2.5 Climatological Conditions
Based on the modified Coronas' Climate Classification, Puerto Galera has a Type III climate.
Source: PAG-ASA, SEPP, 2008
Figure 3. Climate Map of the Philippines
2.6 Resources
2.6.1 Mineral Resources
As of 1996, Limestone and Marble are the non-metallic mineral reserves accounted by the
Mines and Geosciences Bureau (MGB). Marble deposits are about 68,291,850 tons where
17,115,375 tons are found in Barangay San Isidro. The location of the remaining 51,176,475
tons of marble were not specified by the MGB but are locally known to be distributed in
Barangay Dulangan and Mt. Malasimbo in Sitio Talipanan, Barangay Aninuan. There are also
marble deposits in Aninuan that have an extractive potential for 200 years. White, green, cream
and gray are among the varieties of marble deposits in the locality. Marble deposits, however,
are covered by the ancestral domain where claim, extraction, and digging of the mineral either
for commercial or household use is prohibited. The marble deposits of Dulangan and Tabinay
are the only ones that can be extracted in the town. Limestone reserve is quantified at
49,983,025 tons .
Other source identified fine to nugget sizes of gold averaging at 1mm at Ebuyi, Subaang and
Binaybay rivers. Sluice box method is commonly used for gold extraction. Total gold deposits in
the entire area were estimated at 3,000 tons.

8
Guano deposits, an organic fertilizer can be found in the Python Cave in Tabinay whereas silica
granules are found along the beaches of San Isidro. Other minerals found in Puerto Galera are
feldspar in the dike, sills, and schists in meta quartzdiorite in northeast of Mount Malasimbo.
2.6.2 Marine Resources
General Condition
Puerto Galera is internationally acclaimed for being rich in marine resources and being at the
center of the center of marine biodiversity. Mangroves, and coral reefs irregularly scattered and
boarder municipal’s coastal and marine areas. It’s five (5) kilometer foreshore are home to
various marine species which is considered protected area and marine sanctuary. It has been
declared as a Man and Biosphere Reserve in 26 December 1973 by virtue of Presidential Decree
No. 354 to promote ecosystem management.
A project report entitled “ An Opportunity to Invest in Puerto Galera, Mindoro Oriental, Sabang
Sewerage System and Wastewater Treatment Facility, described Puerto Galera’s coast.
Accordingly, it has a 42 km long irregular shoreline, rimmed with white beaches and coconut
plantations. At the eastern side of the coast, crescents of white beaches are interspersed with
limestone cliffs and escarpments that are penetrated by inland bays and coves. These
numerous coves and water channels support a rich marine life forming non-coral communities.
Underwater visibility varies from 10m/30ft to 30m/100ft, sometimes even better depending on
water temperature, current strength and wind direction. The best diving conditions are usually
from April to September. As water temperature reaches 290C, the seas are at their calmest and
clearest visibility. In December, water temperature drop to as low as 220C on the deeper dives
due to thermo clines caused by upwelling of clear, cooler water. However, conditions remain
good enough for year round diving.
Table 3 . List of Accommodation Facilities by Barangay, 2009-2011
Barangay 2009 2010 2011
Aninuan 11 11 11
Balatero 0 0 0
Baclayan 0 0 0
Dulangan 2 2 2
Palangan 8 7 8
Poblacion 5 5 7
Sabang 61 62 62
San Antonio 0 0 0
San Isidro 56 58 59
Sinandigan 2 2 2
Sto. Nińo 7 6 7
Tabinay 3 3 4
Villaflor 0 0 0
Total 155 156 162
Source: Municipal Tourism Office, 2011

9
Currently, coastal and marine areas are generally being utilized for tourism and residential
purposes. Tourists appreciate the value of underwater scenery and water leisure thru diving
snorkeling, swimming, and various water sports activities. Tourism facilities like resorts, hotels
and restaurants, and souvenir shops dominated Sabang and White Beach-San Isidro coasts
encroaching the 25 meters required shoreline setback. Between CYs 1997-2007, the number of
accommodation facilities in Puerto Galera raised from 81 to 140. These resulted to 72.83%
increase in the number of accommodation facilities for a ten year period. In 2009, data shows
that 39.35% of resort establishments are found in Sabang and 36.13% in San Isidro (White
Beach and Minolo). Aside from tourism facilities, outrigger boats which are being used to
convey passengers are scattered despite existing berthing areas. Some resorts and dwelling
units irregularly occupied coastal areas.
Port facilities are also present which are specifically situated in Minolo-San Isidro, Balatero and
Muelle-Poblacion. Aside from being one of the major ports of entry, Muelle Bay became a niche
to Puerto Galera Yacht Club because of its unique character. Municipal Public Park is also
situated along the coastal areas. Regulated fishing still exists for economic gain.
Mangroves thickly scattered in seven areas: Sabang (Dalaruan and Balaytigue), Tabinay
(Sigayan Point), San Isidro (Minolo), Sto. Niño, San Antonio, Palangan (Kabilang Gulod and
Malaking Parang) and Poblacion (Muelle Bay and Balete). Deforestation and cutting of
mangrove species for economic gain occurred in the previous years. However, the community
managed to keep significant quantity of mangrove forest. These serve as erosion control,
breeding ground for a variety of marine species, and protection against typhoons. In 1997,
Miguel Fortes presented in his working paper an account of the Puerto Galera’s four major
mangrove areas (refer to Table below)
Table 4. Status of Mangrove Areas
Area For
Areas No. Of
Location Status Impact Rehabilitation
(Ha.) Species
(Ha.)
Sabang (Dalaruan) Disturbed 6.25 15 Removal 4.00
Tabinay (Sigayan Point) Disturbed 3.68 9 Removal 7.06
San Isidro (Minolo) Undisturbed 10.50 11 Natural 11.16
Poblacion Disturbed 4.75 15 Removal 4.25
Source: Modified from BACONGUIS et. Al (SEPP, 2008)
Other areas are not covered by Fortes Study
Using the same source, Fortes1 likewise stated that there are nineteen trees and palm trees
within the mangrove areas. Bakauan dominate the area, but api-api and bungalon are also
available. Deforestation and rampant cutting of mangrove trees for fuel wood and housing
materials have reduced the existing mangrove area. The mangrove area in Minolo is the largest
(10.50 hectares), most diverse, undisturbed and, primarily because of the concern of the
inhabitants, most preserved of all the mangrove areas in Puerto Galera. Mangrove areas in
Barangays Sabang, Tabinay, and Poblacion have been disturbed due to increased demand for
_________________________________
1
Dr. Miguel D. Fortes is a Filipino scientist who came out with a list of fish families, mollusks, reptiles, birds and mammals that thrive in mangrove
areas in the Philippines.

10
agriculture, aquaculture and industrial development. The areas being occupied by mangroves
increased to 55 hectares because of collective rehabilitation efforts from among the various
stakeholders initiated by the local government.
Puerto Galera’s waters teem with marine life. The diverse corals and sea grasses are
responsible for the production of colorful tropical fishes as well as edible species. The Bay of
Puerto Galera has an area of 4.2 square kilometers. It is framed by short projections and
numerous points of Mindoro Island on the west and on the east. Two much smaller islands
called Medio in the north and Paniquian in the northwest cap this. These islands protect Puerto
Galera’s Muelle Bay from the open sea, thus making it an ideal harbor. This protected bay
provides shelter to ships and various vessels during typhoons. The numerous coves and the
channel areas support a rich range of marine life, forming “non-reef coral communities.”
Coral Reefs
In the scientific studies of corals in Puerto Galera, two general trends have been inferred. One
is that the most exposed and sheltered sites have consistently higher similarity values of life
forms than those in the deep and/or channel areas. This implies a narrower range of variation
in life over time. Some of the life forms exhibiting changes and varieties of marine flora and
fauna can be found in Muelle Bay.
Most wave-exposed sites with the least variation in life form suggest the strong persistence of
the patia landscape type present even under the force of typhoon effects. The overall condition
of coral reefs in Puerto Galera is fair, having a 31.40% average of living coral cover, with only
9% for submissive species of Acropora and 23% for the other hard coral species. The abiotic
components accounted for 49%. Porites has the highest occurrence among the non-Acropora
genera. It has 159 recorded occurrences making it the dominant genus in the area.
Denrophyyllids like Tubastrea micrantha comprised most of the submissive to branching form.
They possess remarkable skeletal strength although they do not harbor Zooxanthellae. Fortes
accounted a total of 48 genera of hard corals in his study.
A research study has also found a very rare species of hard coral located only at Muelle, Puerto
Galera, thereby earning the scientific name Puerto Galleriae.

11
Table 5. Life Forms and Their Code, Puerto Galera
Category Code Category Code

Hard Corals Algae
Acropora: Macro MA
Branching ACB Turf TA
Encrusting ACE Carolline CA
Submissive (digitate) ACS Halimeda HA
Tabulate ACT Algal Assemblage AA
Non-Acropora: Other Fauna
Branching CB Soft Corals SC
Encrusting CE Sponge SP
Foliose CF Zoanthids ZO
Massive CM Others OT
Submissive (digitate) CS
Mushroom CMR Aboitic
Millepora (fire coral) CME Sand S
Heliopora (blue coral) CHL Rubble R
Silt SI
Dead Scleractinia Water WA
Dead Coral DA Rock RCK
With Algal Covering DCA
Source: SEPP, 2008
Fish
Varieties of multi-colored tropical fishes can be found in the reef fish areas of Puerto Galera.
Species belong to the families such as anemone fish (Amphirondidae), parrot fish (Scaridae),
butterfly fish (Haetodotidae), rabbit fish (Siganidae rat) and surgeon fish (Acanthruridae), Sea
urchins and sea cucumbers are also abundant, though people are not familiar with these
species. They do not harvest these nutritious marine products for food.
Records of the research studies in Puerto Galera show that there are approximately 177 species
of fishes belonging to the pomocenthidae and labridae species. There are 50 recorded
occurrences of ten species belonging to family pomocentridae with a total of 4,451 individuals.
Family Labridae shows the same number of occurrences with 50 of the ten species with a total
of 1,056 individuals.

12
Table 6. Family Pomocentridae and Labridae Specie, Puerto Galera
No. Of No. Of % Abundance Cumulative %

Species
Occurrence Individuals Composition Abundance
Family Pomocentridae
Pomacentrus bracblalis 5 1,893 32.80 32.80
P. flavicauda 5 386 6.69 39.49
Paraglyphidodon 5 366 6.35 45.84
Dascyllus trimaculatus 5 354 6.13 51.97
Amblyglyphidodon leucogaster 5 344 5.96 57.93
Dascyllus reticulatus 5 322 5.57 63.50
Chromis Weberi 5 254 4.4 67.90
C. termatensis 5 192 3.33 71.23
Pomacentrus amboinensis 5 174 3.02 74.25
Chromis caerules 5 166 2.88 77.13
Family Labridae
Cirrbilabrus cyanopleura 5 818 67.89 67.89
Thalassoma lunare 5 88 7.34 76.23
Labroides dimidiatus 5 26 2.16 77.39
Halichoeres prosopelon 5 23 1.92 79.31
H. boeveni 5 22 1.79 81.11
Coris variegata 5 18 1.5 82.61
Chellinus fasciatus 5 17 1.41 84.02
Chellinus celebicus 5 16 1.32 85.34
Crrbilabrus temminckii 5 15 1.27 86.61
Labropsis manabel 5 13 1.11 87.72
Source: Study of V.V. Holimen and H.T. Yap, MSI-UP
Puerto Galera has one of the densest seagrass meadows in Oriental Mindoro. These consist of
Enhalus acoroides, Cymodocea rotundata, Thalassia hemprichii, C. serrulata, Halodule ininervis
(both narrow and leaf varieties), S. isoetifolum, Halophila ovalis and H. minor. This is 0.70% of
the total number of seagrass species so far reported in Puerto Galera. The sediment types
range from silt to sandy-clay.
2.6.3 Forest Resources
The mountain ranges: Mount Malasimbo along Barangay Aninuan, Mount Alinyaban in Barangay
Balatero and Mount Talipanan spanning the barangays of Aninuan and San Isidro. These
mountains reach peak elevations of 1,400 meters above sea level and provide natural habitats
to rare animals such as the deer, the wild boar, monkeys and the Tamaraw. Its mountain
springs are natural habitats to orchid varieties such as the Tawa-Tawa, the Tiger orchid and the
Mariposa. Forest ecosystems can be classified as mossy and dipterocarp forests. These are
considered easy trekking sites for mountaineers and good sites for ecotourism activities. Molave
Park located at Barangay Sabang covers 3.0790 hectares of Puerto Galera’s total land area. It
has been accounted that the park has a total of 250 molave trees.
13
2.6.4 Water Resources
Water is essential for socio – economic development and for maintaining healthy ecosystem.
Properly managed water resources are critical component of growth, poverty reduction and
equity. With higher rates of urbanization, increasing demand for drinking water will put stress in
existing water resources.
Puerto Galera has a rugged topography. The land is generally mountainous and crisscrossed by
numerous streams, lakes and rivers which are scattered throughout. The two (2) barangays
where hot springs can be located, are Barangays Tabinay and Villaflor. In Tukuran, Villaflor
there are streams of cool and crystal clear water. Springs and rivers are being tapped for water
supply which can be found in Baclayan, Tabinay, Dulangan and Villaflor.
2.6.5 Flooding Hazards
Several barangays were identified to be flood susceptible. These include Barangays Aninuan,
San Isidro, Balatero, Sto. Niño, Poblacion, Tabinay, and Dulangan. These are areas for which
the combination of factors is likely to create adverse flood and inundation problems. It includes
areas along active river system, abandoned river channels and areas adjacent to river banks.
Nine (9) active river systems can be found in Puerto Galera. These are Olgan, Ebuye, Abangan
and Visayan rivers in Barangay Villaflor, Dulangan river in Barangay Dulangan, Big Tabinay and
Small Tabinay Rivers in Barangay Tabinay, Talipanan and Aninuan Rivers in Barangay Aninuan.
Other water channels specifically active creeks can be found in Barangays Poblacion, Sto. Nino,
and Balatero.

14
Source: Mines and Geosciences Bureau, 2011
Figure 4. Flood Susceptibility Map of Puerto Galera
2.6.6 Landslide Susceptibility
Several barangays were identified to be landslide susceptible. These include Barangays

Aninuan, San Isidro, Balatero, Tabinay, Villaflor, Baclayan and Dulangan. These are areas for
which the combination of factors may adversely influence slope stability and create serious
landslide problems. It also include areas with existing or active landslides, steep natural slopes,
15
particularly in weak geologic materials such as colluvial soil and old landslide debris; areas in or
at the mouth of drainages; below cliffs or hills without crop of fractured rocks and steep
construction-related cut or fill slopes.
Source: Mines and Geosciences Bureau, 2011
Figure 5. Landslide Susceptibility Map of Puerto Galera

16
3. DEMOGRAPHY Table 7. Population by Municipality
3.1 Provincial Population Population Percentage

Municipality
(2007) Share (%)
Oriental Mindoro has a total population of 735,769 as Calapan City 116,976 15.90
of 2007 National Population Census. Municipal Baco 34,127 4.64
population distribution within the province shows that Bansud 35,664 4.85
Puerto Galera ranks 14th or the second least Bongabong 61,127 8.31
populated area. While Calapan City shares 15.90 Bulalacao 30,188 4.10
percent of the total provincial population, Puerto Gloria 40,561 5.51
Galera shares only 3.81 percent which exceeded San Mansalay 43,974 5.98
Teodoro by only 1.77 percent. Naujan 90,629 12.32
In-migration is expected to significantly contribute to Pinamalayan 77,119 10.48
the municipality’s total population in the succeeding Pola 32,635 4.44
censual year as a pull over effects of vibrant tourism Puerto Galera 28,035 3.81
activities in the area. Roxas 46,711 6.35
San Teodoro 15,039 2.04
Socorro 38,052 5.17
Victoria 44,932 6.11
Total 735,769 100.00
Source: NSO, 2008
3.2 Historical Population Growth
Since 1970, Puerto Galera’s population has been continuously growing at a remarkable rate.
During its peak rate, derived between 1970-1975 at 5.73%, the municipality outgrown the
provincial APGR by 2.3% and the Calapan City by 2.54%. Though declining APGR pattern was
prevalent from 1970-1990, the rate of
increasing population was seemingly high
as compared to the province and Calapan
City. Between 1990-1995, the municipal Province Calapan City Puerto Galera
APGR dropped at its lowest rate of 1.52%
where the province and Calapan City’s 7
Annual Growth Rate (%)
6
APGR was recorded higher. After 1995, 5
population growth rate raised to 2.39%, 4
exceeding Calapan City by .52%. In 2007 3
2
population census, the municipality 1
represents the highest rate of population 0
increase at 3.57%, among the
municipalities' in Oriental Mindoro. It 1975 1980 1990 1995 2000 2007
Year
even surpassed the premier growth center
in the province by 2.14%
Source: NSO, 2008
Figure 6. Historical Population Growth, 1975-2007

17
Table 8. Historical Population Change (1970-2007)
Apgr Calapan Apgr Puerto Apgr

Year Province
(%) City (%) Galera (%)
3.3 Current and Projected
Population by Urban-Rural 1970 328,364 - 47,532 - 7,659 -
Barangays (2009-2020) 1975 388,744 3.43 55,608 3.19 10,129 5.73
1980 446,938 2.83 67,370 3.91 12,306 3.97
Out of 13 barangays only Poblacion is 1990 550,049 2.09 85,898 2.41 19,741 3.91
considered urban with a total population 1995 600,616 1.77 96,506 2.35 20,207 1.52
of 4,263 representing 15.21% of total 2000 681,818 2.57 105,910 1.87 21,925 2.39
municipal population. The remaining 2007 735,769 1.09 116,976 1.43 28,035 3.57
23,772 or 84.79% resides in rural Source: NSO Population and Housing Census
APGR Computed using Geometric Method
barangays where significant share of
11.84% and 11.31% dwells in San Isidro
and Balatero respectively.
Using the derived 3.57% APGR, projected total population is estimated at 31,264 by the year
2010 and will reach 44,233 by 2020. Looking at historical percentage share by each barangay,
Baclayan has consistently declining population share since 1990 suggesting out-migration
pattern. Dulangan exhibited the same percentage pattern in 1995. In 2000, Palangan, San
Antonio, and Villaflor started to manifest declining trend in total population’s share joining
Baclayan.
Such out-migration is caused primarily by the indigenous peoples’ nomadic nature. Other
factors that brought about this are the weather conditions, peace and order situation and
meager source of livelihood in the place where they dwell. Aside from their being itinerant, the
presence of a more or less permanent Mangyan settlement area in Sitio Talipanan, Barangay
Aninuan, contributed to the out-migration.
Table 9. Historical Population Percent Share by Barangay

1990 1995 2000 2007
Barangay Total Percent Total Percent Total Percent Total Percent
Pop'n Share Pop'n Share Pop'n Share Pop'n Share
Poblacion 2,407 12.19 2,819 13.95 2,805 12.79 4,263 15.21

Aninuan 1,289 6.53 1,670 8.27 1,501 6.85 2,485 8.86
Baclayan 1,013 5.13 697 3.45 500 2.28 427 1.52
Balatero 2,275 11.52 2,664 13.18 3,210 14.64 3,172 11.31
Dulangan 1,765 8.94 728 3.60 2,282 10.41 2,500 8.92
Palangan 2,407 12.19 2,819 13.95 918 4.19 1,118 3.99
Sabang 1,775 8.99 2,291 11.34 2,752 12.55 2,702 9.64
San Antonio 701 3.55 601 2.97 585 2.67 695 2.48
San Isidro 1,529 7.75 1,723 8.53 1,977 9.02 3,319 11.84
Sto. Nino 692 3.51 659 3.26 1,278 5.83 1,701 6.07
Sinandigan 620 3.14 790 3.91 931 4.24 1,433 5.11
Tabinay 1,563 7.92 1,583 7.83 2,161 9.86 2,579 9.20
Villaflor 1,705 8.64 1,163 5.76 1,025 4.67 1,641 5.85
Total 19,741 100 20,207 100 21,925 100 28,035 100
Source: NSO Population and Housing Census, 2007

18
Table 10. Projected Urban-Rural Total Population (2009-2020)
Total Projected Population

Percent
Barangay Share
POP'N
1990 1995 2000 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2020
2007
Urban
Poblacion 4,263 15.21 2,407 2,819 2,805 4,586 4,755 4,931 5,114 5,303 5,499 5,702 6,728
Rural
Aninuan 2,485 8.86 1,289 1,670 1,501 2,671 2,770 2,872 2,979 3,089 3,203 3,322 3,919
Baclayan 427 1.52 1,013 697 500 458 475 493 511 530 550 570 672
Balatero 3,172 11.31 2,275 2,664 3,210 3,410 3,536 3,667 3,802 3,943 4,089 4,240 5,003
Dulangan 2,500 8.92 1,765 728 2,282 2,689 2,789 2,892 2,999 3,110 3,225 3,344 3,946
Palangan 1,118 3.99 2,407 2,819 918 1,203 1,247 1,294 1,341 1,391 1,443 1,496 1,765
Sabang 2,702 9.64 1,775 2,291 2,752 2,906 3,014 3,125 3,241 3,361 3,485 3,614 4,264
San Antonio 695 2.48 701 601 585 748 775 804 834 865 897 930 1,097
San Isidro 3,319 11.84 1,529 1,723 1,977 3,570 3,702 3,839 3,981 4,128 4,281 4,439 5,237
Sto. Nino 1,701 6.07 692 659 1,278 1,830 1,898 1,968 2,041 2,116 2,195 2,276 2,685
Sinandigan 1,433 5.11 620 790 931 1,541 1,598 1,657 1,718 1,782 1,847 1,916 2,260
Tabinay 2,579 9.20 1,563 1,583 2,161 2,774 2,876 2,983 3,093 3,207 3,326 3,449 4,069
Villaflor 1,641 5.85 1,705 1,163 1,025 1,764 1,829 1,897 1,967 2,040 2,115 2,193 2,588
Total (Rural) 23,772 84.79 17,334 17,388 19,120 25,564 26,509 27,491 28,507 29,562 30,656 31,789 37,505
Total
Urban-Rural 28,035 100 19,741 20,207 21,925 30,150 31,264 32,422 33,621 34,865 36,155 37,491 44,233
Source: NSO Population and Housing Census, 2007
With regards to the number of households, there has been no NSO records showing the
number of households. The number of households was derived using the average regional and
provincial number of households, five members for every households. Poblacion has the largest
number of households while Baclayan has the least number of households at 853 and 85
respectively. By 2020, the total number of households is expected to grow at approximately
3,244. Recurring percentage distribution for each barangay were anticipated from 2010 to
2020.

19
Table 11. Projected Number of Households by Barangay, (2010-2020)
2007 No. Of Percentage Projected No. Of Households
Barangay
Households Share 2010 2015 2020
Poblacion 853 15.20 951 1,141 1,346
Aninuan 497 8.90 554 665 784
Baclayan 85 1.50 95 114 135
Balatero 634 11.30 708 848 1,001
Dulangan 500 8.90 558 669 790
Palangan 224 4.00 250 300 353
Sabang 540 9.60 603 723 853
San Antonio 139 2.50 155 186 220
San Isidro 664 11.80 741 888 1,048
Sto. Nino 340 6.10 380 456 537
Sinandigan 287 5.10 320 384 452
Tabinay 516 9.20 576 690 814
Villaflor 328 5.90 366 439 518
Total 5,607 100 6,257 7,503 8,851
Source: MPDO,2011
3.4 Population Density
Considering the total land area and the 2007 total population the municipality looks very
sparsely populated at 1 person/hectare. The result practically shows Poblacion to be densely
populated as compared with other barangays. Availability of basic infrastructure facilities and
social services affected the density level in the area. Sabang and San Antonio give density
derived at 601 persons/square kilometer and 612 persons/ square kilometer respectively.
Table 12. Population Density by Barangay

Total 2007 2020
Land
Barangay Density Density
Area Population Population
(Persons/Sq.Km) (Persons/Sq.Km)
(Sq.Km)
Aninuan 21.68737 2,485 115 3,919 181
Baclayan 27.36800 427 16 672 25
Balatero 14.31518 3,172 222 5,003 349
Dulangan 12.95183 2,500 193 3,946 305
Palangan 3.86283 1,118 289 1,765 457
Poblacion 3.76184 4,263 1133 6,728 1,788
Sabang 4.49401 2,702 601 4,264 949
San Antonio 1.13612 695 612 1,097 966
San Isidro 8.53356 3,319 389 5,237 614
Sinandigan 4.56975 1,433 314 2,260 495
Sto. Nino 5.32716 1,701 319 2,685 504
Tabinay 97.68153 2,579 26 4,069 42
Villaflor 46.78312 1,641 35 2,588 55
Total 252.47230 28,035 111 44,233 175
Source: MPDO, 2008

20
Source: MPDO, 2011
Figure 7. Population Density Map By Barangay, 2007
Source: MPDO, 2011

Figure 8. Population Density Map By Barangay, 2020
21
4. INFRASTRUCTURE UTILITIES/FACILITIES
4.1 Transport System
4.1.1 Internal Road Network
The National Road passing thru the Poblacion known to be Concepcion Street has the most
ancillary facility such as pedestrian, sidewalk, waiting sheds, street lights and road signages.
However, there is a need to enhance road facilities to increase road safety and efficient service
especially the pedestrians crossing and the streetlights. Two-way capacity roads providing
internal linkages have a narrow width with no proper setbacks. One-way street/road was
adopted within developed urban areas to loosen traffic congestion especially going to Sabang
and White Beach and within the vicinity of Poblacion from 6:00am to 6:00pm. Diversion road is
also proposed to serve as an alternate route connecting the southern and western part of the
town. Another possible road for re-routing are; Public Market and Plaza Iluminada to Provincial
Road and Hospital to Sto.Niño to National Highway.
Poblacion’s Y-shaped access roads provide major rural-urban linkages. These are as follows:
1. Poblacion-Palangan road connects Poblacion to the northeastern barangays - Palangan,

Sinandigan, and Sabang.
2. Poblacion-Aninuan road (national road) connects Poblacion to the western barangays-

Balatero, San Isidro, and Aninuan.
3. Poblacion-Tabinay road (national road) connects Poblacion to southern barangays-

Tabinay, Dulangan, and Villaflor.
Poblacion-Sto. Nino roads provide directly connect upland barangays to Poblacion. An

alternative route going to Baclayan is thru Poblacion-Balatero road or Poblacion-Baclayan road.
Table 13. Inventory of Ancillary Road Facilities, 2008
Location Of Ancillary Road Facility
Type Of Ancillary
National Road Provincial Road Municipal Road
Road Facilities
Road Name No. Condition Road Name No. Condition Road Name No. Condition
Marker Paseo de Marker
Pedestrian Crossing Concepcion St. 5 Removed Cataquis 1 Removed
Passable
(both
Sidewalk Concepcion St. 2 sides)
Waiting Sheds 2
66 11 40
Street Lights Concepcion St. 92 Functional 19 Functional 75 Functional
Road Signage Concepcion St. 5 Ok
Source: Municipal Engineering Office, 2008

22
The existing road system provides Table 14. Travel Distance by Barangay from Poblacion
internal accessibility connecting Distance
Barangay Travel Time (Min.)
Poblacion to secluded barangays (Km)
using a tricycle, the most common Aninuan 11.00 25
mode of internal public transport. Baclayan 4.50 30
Whereas in Sinandigan, "driver- Balatero 3.00 10
driven motorcycle for hire" formerly Dulangan 7.00 15
referred to as "Habal-Habal" is being Palangan 3.00 10
utilized for public transport. Sabang 5.50 15
San Antonio 2.41 20
The 53.131 kilometers national road San Isidro 7.00 20
also facilitates internal mobility. Out Sto. Nino 1.50 5
of the total kilometer length nearly Sinandigan 7.00 25
negligible percentage are either Tabinay 4.00 5
concrete (18.603 km. or 0.35%) or Villaflor 14.00 30
asphalt (6.323 km. or 0.12%) but are
considered well maintained. Source: SEPP, 2008
The three areas, exhibiting urban character, White Beach, Sabang, and Poblacion are connected
by the national road providing land transport. Sea transport is likewise possible using privately
rented motorized banca. The existing national road likewise connects Villaflor, the
southernmost barangay, and Aninuan the northernmost barangay. Public Utility Jeepney (PUJ)
regularly ply to Aninuan. Whereas, all PUJ going to Calapan pass through Villaflor. Special trips
are provided by tricycles at a higher rate.
Temporary land transport terminal is available in rear end of Poblacion. Provided space,
however, is insufficient to accommodate the volume of standby land transport vehicle.
Meanwhile, relaxed roads were utilized for terminal purposes.
Table 15. Existing Road Length by Category and Barangay

National Road Provincial Road Municipal Road Barangay Road
Name Of
Earth- Earth-
Barangay Concrete Asphalt Concrete Gravel Concrete Concrete Asphalt Gravel
Filled Filled
(m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m) (m)
Aninuan 2,970 370 2,634
Baclayan 50 3,561
Balatero 1,745 970 200 1,500 5,800
Dulangan 6,966 1,500 1,000 2,000 1,500
Palangan 3,680 800 800
Poblacion 623 1,051 2,794 2,117
Sabang 2,160 100 2,473
San Antonio
San isidro 2,000 4,603 3,550
Sinandigan 1,135 1,249
Sto. Nińo 967 40 960
Tabinay 329 3,335 50 1,816
Villaflor 3,970 9,031
TOTAL 18,603 6,323 7,340 1,000 2,834 3,077 7,308 3,500 32,414
Source: DPWH, Municipal Planning & Development Office, 2011

23
Source: Municipal Planning & Development Office, 2011
Figure 9. Road Density Map By Barangay

120° 57' 30"E
120° 58' 00"E
120° 58' 30"E
120° 59' 00"E
120° 59' 30"E
121° 00' 00"E

120° 52' 30"E
120° 53' 00"E
120° 53' 30"E
120° 54' 00"E
120° 54' 30"E
120° 55' 00"E
120° 55' 30"E
120° 56' 00"E
120° 56' 30"E
120° 57' 00"E
PUERTO
NG G
AL
A
2
BAY
ERA
13° 31' 00"N 13° 31' 00"N
V E R D E I S L A N D
SI L
P A S S A G E
O
1574
R
AN
O
AN D
G
G MI N
BATA
NGAS
SAN ANTONIO MUNICIPALITY OF PUERTO GALERA

SABANG PIER
13° 30' 30"N 13° 30' 30"N

PROVINCE OF ORIENTAL MINDORO
CHAN
MA
N IL REGION IV-B (MIMAROPA)
AC
HA
NEL
NN SABANG
EL SINANDIGAN
13° 30' 00"N 13° 30' 00"N

ER
PI
O
R
TE
MINOLO PIER
LA
BA
PALANGAN 0 1,125 2,500 5,000 7,500 10,000 12,500
13° 29' 30"N 13° 29' 30"N SCALE 1:12,500m

BALATERO
POBLACION VARADERO BAY
SAN ISIDRO STO. NINO
ROAD MAP
LEGEND
13° 29' 00"N 13° 29' 00"N
PROVINCIAL BOUNDARY
MUNICIPAL BOUNDARY
ANINUAN
BARANGAY BOUNDARY
NATIONAL ROAD
13° 28' 30"N

TABINAY 13° 28' 30"N
PROVINCIAL ROAD
MUNICIPAL ROAD

BARANGAY ROAD
BACLAYAN

PROPOSED ROAD
13° 28' 00"N 13° 28' 00"N

MARINE WATER/SHORELINE

INO
RIVERS/ CREEKS
DULANGAN
.N
STO
MUNICIPAL WATERS

AY
NG
BRIDGE
RA
D AREA
DISP UTE has.
BA

13° 27' 30"N 13° 27' 30"N

D
SPILLWAY
692
AN
 
464.152
AY
PROPOSED DIVERSION ROAD

BIN
TA
Y
BOULEVARD
GA
AN
AR
 
B
EN
13° 27' 00"N 13° 27' 00"N

WE
ET
AB
RE
DA
TE
PU
VILLAFLOR
D IS
13° 26' 30"N 13° 26' 30"N
O
R
O
D
O
E
T
N
13° 26' 00"N
A 13° 26' 00"N
S
F
O
Y
I T Source:
L Municipal Cadastral Survey
A Consultation-Workshop with Stakeholders
13° 25' 30"N
I P 13° 25' 30"N Municipal Profile
I C Prepared by:
Municipality of Puerto Galera
N Comprehensive Land Use Plan Technical Working Group
U
M Assisted by:
Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board, Region IV-B
Source: Municipal Planning & Development Office, 2011
Figure 10. Road Map of Municipality of Puerto Galera

24
4.1.2 External Accessibility
Puerto Galera is directly connected to Batangas City thru a Roll-On-Roll-Off (RORO) system
Batangas-Balatero route and vice-versa. Alternate route is via passenger/cargo motorized banca
and/or outrigger boats, Batangas-White Beach, Batangas-Sabang, and Batangas-Muelle and
vice-versa. It will take about 1.5 hour sea transport to reach the area via RORO and only 1
hour using large outrigger boats. Fourteen (14) shipping companies are currently servicing the
locality.
About 95.5% of passenger and commodity inter-island mobility are served by sea transport.
During peak season, outrigger boats leave from Batangas Port normally in 15minute interval.
The schedule varies during lean season and will also be affected by the weather conditions and
the loading capacity of the boats. Table 14 shows six (6) active sea transport service providers
via Batangas-Puerto Galera utilizing outrigger boats.
Motorized bancas with a loading capacity between 8-25 passengers facilitates beach hopping
activities by tourists. The same were also utilized to connect Barangay San Antonio to mainland
Puerto Galera. Sabang, Muelle, San Isidro, and Balatero are the four main connecting entry and
exit points going to San Antonio.
Table 16. Inventory Of Sea Transport Provider Utilizing Outrigger Boat
Loading Capacity
Name Of Company Name Of Boat
(No. Of Passenger)
Minolo Shipping Falcon V 65
Lines (MSL) Falcon G 95
Osprey 100
Hawk 130
Father and Son Penguin 1 100
Lines (FSL) Penguin 2 110
Penguin 3 140
Penguin 4 60
Penguin 5 61
Penguin 6 115
Penguin 7 80
Penguin 8 136
Penguin 7 100
Super Gigi 1 40
Super Gigi 2 40
ZCL Lady Zannie 70
Island Cruiser 1 120
Willen 120
Island Cruiser 2 70
Brian Shipping Lines Brian 1 50
Brian 4 50
Brian 5 140

25
Table 16. Inventory Of Sea Transport Provider Utilizing Outrigger Boat
Loading Capacity
Name Of Company Name Of Boat
(No. Of Passenger)
M/B Villa Natividad Villa Natividad 1 100
Villa Natividad 2 100
M/B Commandos Commados 4 60
Commandos 6 60
Commandos 7 120
Others Gogonilla 1 100
Russel John 100
John Clea 100
Chelsea 80
Renzo 1 60
Renzo 2 60
Exodus 80
Rhealyne 80
After Dark 80
Captain Gregg's 80
Maritess 100
Everlasting 100
Dreamwave 100
Sulaimar 100
Hiyas n.a.
The existing national road provides land transport that links the municipality to the province’s
premier urban center, Calapan City. Thru the same, Puerto Galera is connected to the recently
established Strong Republic Nautical Highway (SRNH). Public Utility Jeepneys (PUJ) and Public
Utility Van plying Calapan City-Puerto Galera are available from 4 a.m. to 4 p.m. Car rental
service may be utilized for a more convenient mobility.
There is an existing airstrip in barangay Villaflor, yet idle at the moment either for commercial
flights or for private use.
4.2 Power Supply
4.2.1 Power Source
As per ORMECO sales data, approximately 73.73% of the total number of residential units has
electric power connections. The remaining residents rely on other sources of lighting like
kerosene. Out of 5,044 electric power subscribers, 16.61% are commercial connections utilizing
55.35% of total electric consumption.

26
Table 17. Number Of Connections By Type Of
Users And Average Consumption, 2008
Average
No. Of
Type Of Connection Consumption
Connections
(Kwh/Mo)
Residential 4,134 585,118.50
Industrial 2 12,400.40
Commercial 823 768,483.30
Public Building 67 19,874.90
Streetlights (Public) 18 3,134.10
Total 5,044 1,389,011.20
Source: ORMECO, 2008
4.3 Water Supply
Springs, rivers and reservoirs are being tapped for domestic water supply classified as Class AA
or Public Water Supply Class I. The construction of spring reservoir benefited nearly the entire
barangays. Out of 13 barangays, piped water system extends to 11 barangays. Barangays
Dulangan & Villaflor have no access to local waterworks system. As of August 2008, 2,860
connections were accounted for residential consumer and 678 for commercial consumer. The
former has a monthly average consumption of 15.5 cubic meters while the latter utilize 44.86
cubic meters. Between CYs 2005 to 2006 average monthly consumption for both residential and
commercial subscribers is almost uniform. In 2007, decreasing trend became prevalent. One of
the possible reasons that contributed to decreasing water consumption is the water shortage
prevalent in 2007.
Four (4) improved spring water system served Baclayan, Minolo and Small Tabinay, servicing
3,591 household population. In Baclayan it serves roughly 89.4% of the total household
population, 5.7% in Minolo and 4.9% in Small Tabinay. The spring reservoirs servicing the
vicinity of Poblacion, clusters of small Tabinay, Sabang, Palangan and Sinandigan, and areas of
Sto. Nino and Balatero are connected to Baclayan water intake . Aninuan, San Isidro, and part
of Balatero are being supplied by Dimayuga intake water tank. Whereas, Villaflor, Dulangan,
and Big Tabinay, utilized separate water intake tank for local consumption. The reservoirs of
Baclayan, Poblacion, and Dimayuga can provide 500 cubic meters, 20 cubic meters, and 60
cubic meters respectively. Subscribers of Piped Water System are required to provide of their
individual water meter. Though water supply is considered potable, some households prefer
boiled water for drinking while international tourists are comfortable on bottled mineral water.
Ground water were utilized using shallow wells, production level, however, are affected by
lowering water table during dry season. Probable bacterial contamination of shallow wells are
considered high because of disadvantage location.
Springs that are potential for spring water development are available in San Isidro (Dimayuga),
Baclayan, Villaflor, and Aninuan.

27
Table 18. Number Of Consumers And Volume Of Consumption
No. Of Consumers Volume Of Consumption (M 3)

Year
Residential Commercial Residential Commercial
2005 2,811 696 826,870 626,310
2006 2,875 678 855,798 595,454
2007 2,833 690 825,093 579,582
2008 (Aug) 2,860 678 532,455 364,977
Source: Local Water Works System, August 2008
4.4 Communication
Congruent to other municipalities in the province, basic communication facilities are available in
the area like radio telephone system, telegraphic stations, post office, radio
telecommunications, and privately owned cellular telecommunications. A postal office
accommodated by a private building served as a center for postal mailing and delivery. Two (2)
personnel are currently facilitating postal communication.
With regards to telecommunications, the IPTS, under the direct supervision of the Bureau of
Telecommunications (BUTEL) situated in Muelle, Poblacion provides minimal services to include:
ordinary and social telegram, telegraphic transfer and monogram. Five (5) personnel are in-
charge to operate the telecommunication agency. In early 1998, individual household
connections are made possible by GLOBE Telecom, a privately owned telecommunications. At
the onset, installation of a telephone lines are concentrated within the vicinity of Poblacion. By
2010, target for service expansion is to reach every rural barangays. Cable system benefited
Poblacion, Sto. Nino, and Palangan.
Today, fifteen (15) telecommunications towers owned by three giant telecommunications

company (SMART, GLOBE, and SUNCELLULAR) and a locally owned telecom company (CATSI),
are dispersed in barangays San Isidro, Poblacion, Dulangan, Villaflor, Palangan, Sabang, and
Sinandigan. As of 2011, statistics from the field office of CATSI in the municipality, disclosed
that there are a total six hundred ninety three (693) subscribers, of which 396 are residential
and 297 are commercial.
5. ECONOMIC BASE
5.1 Agriculture
5.1.1 Utilization, support facilities, and farming techniques
Due to generally elevated terrain with slopes ranging from 15 degrees and above, local farmers
preferably cultivate perennial crops. Coconut is considered the major agricultural crops in the
locality covering about 2,625 hectares. Because of increasing demand for high value
commercial crops, expanding land utilization by adding mangoes, citrus, rambutan, lanzones,
banana, pineapple and others has become the strategy. Though most of the farm workers grow
28
vegetable products like pole string beans, okra, eggplant, upo, squash, pechay, mustaza, bitter
gourd, tomato, and others. Integrated farming techniques is a common practice where livestock
production are combined with rice. During lean season, local farmers shifted to fishing activities
for their daily subsistence.
Farm-to-market roads (FMR) are available in every barangays but remain to be inadequate.
Majority of the FMR requires proper maintenance to keep them passable at all times particularly
during rainfall months. Whereas there are still production areas which remained not served by
FMR.
Identified post harvest facilities are two (2) ice plants and a slaughterhouse. Other agricultural
support facility includes agri-vet product stores that supply farm inputs. The municipal public
market serves as trading center of farm produce.
5.1.1.1 Production
For the past five years (2003-2007), production pattern is quite unimpressive especially banana
where production nosedive from 7 metric tons in 2003 to 2.5 metric tons in 2007. Decrease in
production level started to manifest between 2004-2005, except for root crops and leafy
vegetables showing slight increase, from 5.5 MT to 6.5 MT, and 3.0 MT to 3.5 MT respectively.
Data shows increasing trend between 2006-2007 indicating slight recovery in agricultural
production except for root crops and banana. Between the same year interval, rice yield
increased by 4 cavans/ha., from 96 cavans/ha.(4.8 MT) to 100 cavans/ha.(5 MT).
8.00
Coconut
7.00
Banana
Annual Production (metric tons/ha.)
6.00
Corn
5.00
4.00 Rice
3.00 Leafy Vegetables

2.00 Fruit Vegetables
1.00
Pineapple
0.00
Rootcrops
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Year
Source: Municipal Agriculture Office, 2010
Figure 11. Production Pattern (2003-2007)

29
5.1.2 Fishery
Twelve (12) out of 13 barangays are located along the coastal area. Practically, fishing is one
of the major sources of income. The use of fish net, hook and line, thrawl, small basing, ring
net, hayhay, and “pana” or arrow are commonly used for fishing. Among the species available
for commercial fishing includes herring, anchovy, salmon, tuna, etc. Using a motorized banca,
local fishers rarely set off to Palawan for commercial fishing. A total fish catch is estimated at 75
metric tons annually.
5.1.3 Livestock and Poultry
Major livestock and poultry products include cattle, carabao, goat, horse, swine, duck, and
chicken. For the period 2003-2007, an increasing livestock and poultry production has been
observed except for chicken where total stocks decreased by 8,500, from 125,000 in 2003 to
128,000 in 2004. In 2007, the number of stocks shoot-up to 137,000 giving a total increase of
16,000 stocks. Cattle has been consistently increasing annually, the increase in stocks grows
from 300 heads between 2003-2004 to 711 heads between 2006-2007. Duck production also
grows annually ranging from 800-1370 heads per annum. Swine exhibited increasing trend in
production, though, the level of increase is considered to be nearly insignificant.
Considering the province’s 2004-2005 livestock and poultry production, Puerto Galera shares
considerable stocks of chicken, swine, goat, and cattle. In 2005, the municipality generated
16% of the province’s cattle and chicken production. In the same year, the municipality
represents 13% and 12% of the province’s total goat and swine production respectively.
Table 19. Inventory of Livestock and Poultry
Population
Species
2003 2004 2005 2006 2007
Cattle 2,700.00 3,000.00 3,503.00 4,139.00 4,850.00
Carabao 354.00 380.00 398.00 427.00 469.00
Goat 2,800.00 2,890.00 2,890.00 3,150.00 3,530.00
Horse 19.00 25.00 31.00 33.00 48.00
Swine 8,500.00 9,300.00 10,480.00 11,850.00 12,780.00
Duck 1,160.00 1,300.00 1450.00 1,690.00 1,765.00
Chicken 125,000.00 128,000.00 119,500.00 121,000.00 137,000.00
Source: MAO, 2008

30
25 23
20
Percent Share (%)
16 16 cattle
15 13 goat
12 12
11 11
swine
10
chicken
5
0
2004 2005
Source: MAO, 2008 Year
Figure 12. Percentage Share to Province's Livestock and Poultry Production (2004 - 2005)
Commercial swine production are located at the interior part of Barangay Balatero. The
production level however still falls on backyard scale which is potentially approaching small
scale.
5.2 Commerce and Trade
Generally, inventory of licensed commercial establishments for the CY 2007-2008 shows

increasing trend for both the total number of commercial establishments and number of
employment. Most of the licensed commercial establishments are categorized for hotel and
restaurants, transport and storage representing 68.15% and 70.54% of the municipality’s total
commercial establishments for 2006 and 2007, respectively. The result shows that tourism
practically influenced preferences on commercial investments. The increasing number of
establishments and employment among tourism related commercial activities also suggest
competitive tourism industry.
Wholesale and retail was seen to be the second most preferred commercial investment.
Though there was a slight decrease in the number of wholesale and retail trade establishments
between the same year, the number of employment grows by 27.10%. Similarly, health and
social work category decreased by the number of establishments but the employment statistics
show remarkable increase by 33.55%. Presently, there are three (3) automated teller machines
(ATM) servicing local and foreign clients. The two-year comparative inventory implied an
expansion in terms of operation and employment capitalization, and greater economic potential
for the two commercial economic categories.

31
Table 20. Inventory Of Commercial Establishments By Economic Activities
2007 2008 Increase/Decrease
Economic Activities No. Of No. Of No. Of No. Of % Of % Of
Establish- Employ- Establish- Employ- Establish- Employ-
Ment Ment Ment Ment Ment Ment
Wholesale and Retail Trade 323 107 322 136 -0.31% 27.10%
Hotel and Restaurants,

Transport & Storage 1,329 1,466 1,552 1,568 16.78% 6.96%
Communication 16 68 16 75 0.00% 10.29%
Financial Intermediation 17 24 23 30 35.29% 25.00%
Real Estate Renting

and business Activities 54 40 61 32 12.96% -20.00%
Public Administration
and Defense 1 1 1 1 0.00% 0.00%
Education 1 5 1 5 0.00% 0.00%
Health and Social Work 28 155 23 207 -17.86% 33.55%
Other Community
Social and Personal
Service Activities 131 417 149 494 13.74% 18.47%
Private Household with
employed persons 50 60 52 72 4.00% 20.00%
TOTAL 1,950 2,343 2,200 2,620 12.82% 11.82%
Source: LGU Business Permits Division, 2008
Data from Municipal Business and License Permits Office, Years 2008-2012 were obtained,
indicating diversity of businesses which are linked-up and interconnected with the tourism
industry, and proving itself as the major catalyst for the municipality’s economic progress.
Table 21. List of All Business Establishment

Permits Issued
Business Establishment
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Apartelle/Apartment/Condo Unit 3 4 3 3 3
Appliances Outlet 1 2 2 3 3
Bakery 14 14 13 11 16
Bank 3 3 6 5 5
Bar 128 135 122 130 132
Beauty Parlor/Barber Shop 15 15 12 9 16
Cable TV 1 1 1 1 1
Canteen/Fastfood/Eatery/Snack Bar
etc. 37 45 33 38 49
Cockpit 2 2 1 1 2
Computer Shop/Internet 19 22 18 18 28
Contractor 3 4 4 4 4
Source: Business Permit & Licensing Office, 2011

32
Table 21. List of All Business Establishment
Permits Issued
Business Establishment
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
Cooperative 1 1 4 2 3
Cottages 26 27 21 15 15
Courier 1 1 1 1 1
Disco 9 8 6 9 9
Distributor 1 3 1 1 1
Dive Shop 40 43 43 42 44
Drygoods Store/Boutique 49 67 63 54 64
Farm (Monkey Farm/Snake Farm) 1 2 1 1 1
Foundation 2 1 2 2 2
Funeral Parlor 1 1 1 1 1
Gasoline Station 2 2 2 4 4
Grocery Store 4 6 7 7 9
Hardware/Paint Center 7 6 8 9 9
Holdings/Realty 10 10 14 7 8
Hotel 15 11 11 11 14
House Rental 21 24 18 9 9
Ice Plant/Ice Cube 2 2 4 4 4
Laboratory 2 1 2 2 2
Lessor 28 27 31 34 36
Lodging House 131 148 156 198 214
Massage Parlor 6 4 8 7 9
Meat Shop 4 6 10 7 13
Medical Clinic 7 5 7 7 5
Memorial Garden 1 1 1 1 1
Microfinancing 2 1 1 4 4
Money Changer 6 6 7 6 10
Source: Business Permit & Licensing Office, 2011
5.3 Tourism Industry
The first tourist came to Puerto Galera in mid 1970s. They were young backpackers from
Europe, U.S.A. and Australia who stayed as guest in one household and paid a little amount in
return. From then on, tourism became gradually known in the locality and became one of the
major development catalysts. Today, the municipality is the most frequently visited tourist
destination in the entire province. Due to difficulties in establishing tourism data, the number
of tourist arrival is not yet firmly accounted.
With regards to tourism concentration, tourist influx was noted in Barangay Sabang and White
Beach in Barangay San Isidro. To address peace and order issues brought about by high
concentration of tourists in the aforementioned areas, deployment of tourist police and
establishment of tourist police office are necessary. Investment on tourism facilities is also
33

SEPP Puerto Galera Revised Final Version-1

Încărcat de

Informații document

Descriere originală:

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

SEPP Puerto Galera Revised Final Version-1

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

1.

2.1 Location, Total Land Area and Land Area by Barangay

The Comprehensive Land Use Plan

2.2 Topography and Slopes

The Comprehensive Land Use Plan

2.3 Soil Composition

E. ALIMODIAN SERIES: Occur on very steep landscapes.

Table 2. Area and Extent of Soils of Puerto Galera

The Comprehensive Land Use Plan

2.4 Geology, Faults and Trenches

The basement complex of Puerto Galera is pre-Jurassic. It is made of undifferentiated

The Comprehensive Land Use Plan

2.4.2 Faults and Trenches Simplified tectonic

follows a north-south axis; and

Figure 2. Simplified Tectonic Map of

The Comprehensive Land Use Plan

Source: PAG-ASA, SEPP, 2008

Figure 3. Climate Map of the Philippines

2.6.1 Mineral Resources

The Comprehensive Land Use Plan

2.6.2 Marine Resources

The Comprehensive Land Use Plan

Table 4. Status of Mangrove Areas

The Comprehensive Land Use Plan

The Comprehensive Land Use Plan

Category Code Category Code

The Comprehensive Land Use Plan

No. Of No. Of % Abundance Cumulative %

Source: Study of V.V. Holimen and H.T. Yap, MSI-UP

2.6.3 Forest Resources

2.6.5 Flooding Hazards

The Comprehensive Land Use Plan

Figure 4. Flood Susceptibility Map of Puerto Galera

2.6.6 Landslide Susceptibility

Several barangays were identified to be landslide susceptible. These include Barangays

Source: Mines and Geosciences Bureau, 2011

Figure 5. Landslide Susceptibility Map of Puerto Galera

The Comprehensive Land Use Plan

3.1 Provincial Population Population Percentage

Figure 6. Historical Population Growth, 1975-2007

The Comprehensive Land Use Plan

Apgr Calapan Apgr Puerto Apgr

Table 9. Historical Population Percent Share by Barangay

Poblacion 2,407 12.19 2,819 13.95 2,805 12.79 4,263 15.21

Source: NSO Population and Housing Census, 2007

The Comprehensive Land Use Plan

Total Projected Population

The Comprehensive Land Use Plan

3.4 Population Density

Table 12. Population Density by Barangay

The Comprehensive Land Use Plan

Figure 7. Population Density Map By Barangay, 2007

Source: MPDO, 2011

4.1 Transport System

4.1.1 Internal Road Network

1. Poblacion-Palangan road connects Poblacion to the northeastern barangays - Palangan,

2. Poblacion-Aninuan road (national road) connects Poblacion to the western barangays-

3. Poblacion-Tabinay road (national road) connects Poblacion to southern barangays-

Poblacion-Sto. Nino roads provide directly connect upland barangays to Poblacion. An

The Comprehensive Land Use Plan

Table 15. Existing Road Length by Category and Barangay

The Comprehensive Land Use Plan