BSA1A Group 1 - The Relationship Between BMI and SHS GWA

The Relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Senior High
School General Weighted Average of First Year Centro Escolar

Students Academic Year 2018-2019
Alcisto, Alexis N.; Olea, PJ Sheed D.; Resulta, Bryan Marvin A.; Bandiola, Sophia R.; Rasos, Angela
Francesca; and, Sta. Romana, Emy Lizette
Centro Escolar University, 9 Mendiola Street, San Miguel Manila, Philippines
Abstract
The relationship between body mass profile as indicator of health and academic performances had
been a debate for long. Many people, including parents and teachers, believe that
those who do not possess the right body mass index would not do well in their
academic achievement. People who are underweight, overweight, and obese tend
to be lazy, sluggish, and sleepy, as people had unscientifically believed. This
research paper aims to provide further examinations whether there is indeed a
significant relationship between the two aforementioned variables. The
researchers were able to collect data from 190 first year students of Centro Ecolar
University. The researchers measured the Body Mass Index of the students by
utilizing their Height and Weight, and compared it to their respective Senior High
School General Weighted averages. The researchers used the Correlation and
Regression analysis in order to interpret the collected data effectively. Results
from the study substantiate that there is no significant relationship between the
BMI and academic performances. Students, regardless of their BMI, tend to
perform well during their Senior High School program. There are other factors
influencing students’ academic achievements rather than BMI such as their
learning environment, socioeconomic status, parents’ educational status, sleeping
habits, and other confounding factors
Keywords: Body Mass Index (BMI), academic performance, general weighted average (GWA),
1. Introduction
According to World Health Organization, “Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-
being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.” Being healthy does not mean that you are free from
any illnesses but the holistic quality of your entire body. Health is now viewed as one of the most important
values one should embody in their lives (Nordenfelt, 2006) . Meaning, health is a divine responsibility and that
its status is influenced by personal life habits and environmental factors (Boruchovitch and Mednick, 2002).
However, with the rapid change in the world, people have adapted to different lifestyles that caused
vulnerability to health risks and dangers (Wehigaldenya et al., 2017). Non-communicable diseases, like
diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases, are caused by four behavioral risk factors . These include
economic transition, rapid urbanization, and 21st Century Lifestyles such as tobacco use, unhealthy diet,
insufficient physical activity, and excessive use of alcohol (World Health Organization, 2010) .
With the prevalence of such diseases, there is this belief that students who are overweight tend to not do
well on their academics (Wehigaldenya et al., 2017). Those who do not possess the right body measurement are
said to be underperforming in school works. Scientists have procured of ways on how to measure the body fats
percentage to evaluate body mass (Wehigaldenya et al., 2017). One of the said measurements is the Body Mass
Index, commonly known as BMI, which measures a person’s “thickness” and “thinness” to distinguish if he or
she is underweight or overweight (Atare and Nkangude, 2014) . This is then used to compare with the academic
performances of the students.
Previous researches about the said matter resulted to varying conclusions. Liao et al. (2015) stated that
there is indeed a significant relationship between BMI and academic performances . On the other hand, studies
like Atare and Nkangude (2014) concluded that there is no relation between BMI and academic standing at all.
This research paper aims to conduct further studies to examine the issue between the two aforementioned
elements. It aims to give better understanding and clarification whether there is a significant relationship
between BMI and academic performance. Specifically, this research paper aims to determine whether Centro
Escolar University’s first year students’ Senior High School academic performances were affected by their
respective BMI’s.
2. Methodology
Research Method and Design. This specifies the procedures on obtaining the information needed to solve the
research problem. Applied to this study, the researchers used correlational research design . Correlational
research design explores and observes relationships among variables using statistical analyses .
Research Locale. The researchers conducted the study during the first semester of School Year 2018 - 2019.
The study was conducted at Centro Escolar University (CEU) located at Mendiola, Manila.
Description of the Respondents. The respondents of this study were the selected first year CEU students of
Academic Year 2018 - 2019. A total of 190 respondents were able to respond from the given set of survey
questionnaires necessary for this study.
Research Instrument. The researchers used survey questionnaires as the main instrument for this study . The said
standardized questionnaires were administered through online survey by the professor . The questionnaire
provided the data necessary to fulfill the researchers’ objective .
Population and Sampling Technique. The data were gathered through Convenience Sampling method . For ease
of acquiring data, the professor surveyed all of his first year students and compiled all the data .
The following data were utilized for the study:

Body Mass Index/BMI. Body Mass Index is a simple calculation using a person's height and weight . The
formula for the computation of the BMI is as follows:
𝑊𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑘𝑔.
𝐵𝑀𝐼 =
𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑖𝑛 𝑚2
For the comparison and translation of the calculated BMI’s, the following table was used:
Body Mass Index Weight Status
Below 18.5 Underweight
18.5 - 24.9 Healthy
25.0 - 29.9 Overweight
30.0 and above Obese
Figure 1 Body Mass Index Table
The researchers calculated the students’ BMI with the collected data. Specifically, the Height and the Weight of
the students were utilized.
Senior High School GWA. The researchers calculated for the Senior High School general weighted average of
the students by adding their Grade 11 and 12 GWAs, and dividing it by 2 .
To interpret the collected data and information effectively, the researchers employed the following statistical
treatment:
Correlation and Regression Analysis. Correlation is used to give information about the relationship between x
and y. When the regression equation is calculated, the correlation results indicate the nature and the strength of
the relationship. On the other hand, Regression is used to model the relationship between a response variable
and one or more predictor variables. Applied to this study, these were used to determine the strength of
relationship of the respondents’ BMI and their GWA and the response and predictor variables.
3. Results
Before the data were fully utilized, the researchers removed any outlier variables (e.g 0 Grade 11 and 12
grades, errant height and weight measurements) in order to have reliable results. Then, the data were checked if
they are normally distributed.
Body Mass Index Senior High School GWA
Mean 22.46666066 Mean 89.65826579

Standard Error 0.421819398 Standard Error 0.213274109
Median 21.3546056 Median 89.7875
Mode 22.38893367 Mode 87.5
Standard Deviation 5.814379152 Standard Deviation 2.939780713
Sample Variance 33.80700492 Sample Variance 8.642310639
Kurtosis 9.967019201 Kurtosis -0.068738535
Skewness 2.547233191 Skewness -0.260743441
Range 48.52268189 Range 16.5
Minimum 9.395318412 Minimum 80
Maximum 57.9180003 Maximum 96.5
Sum 4268.665525 Sum 17035.0705
Count 190 Count 190
Confidence Level(95.0%) 0.83207887 Confidence Level(95.0%) 0.420703457
Figure 2 Body Mass Index Descriptive Statistics Figure 3 Senior High School GWA Descriptive Statistics
From the table above, the values of the mean, median, and mode of both Body Mass Index (BMI) and
Senior High School GWA are near from each other. Meaning, the data were normally distributed.
After utilizing the collected data using the Correlation and Regression analysis, the researchers were able to
gather the following results:
Regression Statistics
Multiple R 0.073231086
R Square 0.005362792
0.073484692
Adjusted R Square 7.21686E-05
Standard Error 2.939674631
Observations 190
Figure 4 Regression Statistics
R-square was used by the researchers as it determines the strength of the relationship between the two
variables - BMI and Senior High School averages. According to the results, the square root of the R-square
0.005362792 is 0.073484692. The new digit calculated was then compared to Pearson Correlation Coefficient
Table or simply Pearson R. The Pearson R provides a table that ascertains the measure of the related variables’
strength of the relationship. The comparison is as follows:
Pearson r Qualitative Description

±1 Perfect
±0.75 to<±1 Very High
±0.50 to<±0.75 Moderately High
±0.25 to<±0.50 Moderately Low
>0 to<±0.25 Very Low
Figure 5 Pearson R Table
Comparing to the Pearson R table above, the R-square calculated before falls on the last row of being
greater than 0 but less than 0.25. It was transcribed to be having a very low relationship. Meaning, from the data
collected, there is a very low relationship between BMI and SHS General Weighted Averages.
df SS MS F Significance F α
Regression 1 8.75956681 8.75956681 1.013640841 0.315326248 > 0.05
Figure 6 Significance F Table
Furthermore, from the table above, the calculated Significance F of 0.315326248 was compared to level of
significance or alpha 0.05. This is in order to determine whether the null hypothesis of having no significant
linear relationship will be accepted or rejected . Since the Significance F is greater than 0.05, the null hypothesis
was accepted. Indeed, there is no significant linear relationship between the Body Mass Index and the SHS
Average of the students.
Figure 7 Line Fit Plot and Trend Line
The graph above shows the plots of the variables and its rendered trend line. All of the Y Variables, which
are the SHS averages of the students, tend to gather in between 100 .00 and 80.00 even if it came from students
who have different X Variables of the BMI’s. Along with this, the trend line was translated into a simple
horizontal line. Meaning, there is neither a positive nor negative linear relationship between the two variables .
4. Discussion
Many researches had been done in order to know if it is plausible to use BMI as a determinant of one’s
academic performance. It is important to determine whether the physical health of the students definitely affect
their academic performances in order to come up with strategies and solutions appropriately needed . Thus, this
particular study provides additional insight into the said issue for further knowledge and comparisons.
From the results collected, it has been established that there is no significant relationship between the two
variables, namely: the Body Mass Index (BMI) of the students and their corresponding Senior High School
General Weighted Averages (GWA), or their academic performance, at all.
Similar results from previous different researchers further clarify this matter . Atare and Nkangude (2014)
concluded that BMI is not related to academic performance . Thus, one cannot use the body mass profile of the
students as basis for their academic performance. Rather, academic performance relies more on the learning
environment of the students whether it is conducive for education or not . Mental genetic endowment also
influences academic achievement rather than BMI. (Atare and Nkangude, 2014). Furthermore, according to
Alswat et al. (2017), students who live with both of their parents, and those with at least one who has a college
degree or higher, tend to have excellent overall grade regardless of their Body Mass Index. Baxter et al. (2013)
also states that there is no correlation between academic achievement and body mass index, but there was a
positive correlation related to the Socioeconomic Status of the students . Excellent grades were more likely to
come from students who came from better living situations and have better parents’ education status (Alswat et
al. 2017). Sleeping habits and smoking habits of the students are also found to be affecting academic
achievements (Alswat et al. 2017)
Body Mass Index is just a surrogate measure for such poor habits that will negatively reflect on the
academic performances of the students (Alswat et al. 2017; Shah, 2017). Weight profile does not show a direct
influence on academics (Shah, 2017). There are influences from different confounding factors and variables that
could not be isolated which, in return, could have also positively or negatively affected the academic
performances of the students (Shah, 2017).
Therefore, indeed, there is no relationship between the Body Mass Index of the students and their
respective academic performances. This is especially true for the selected Centro Escolar University first year
students who participated in the research. Further researches and studies can be conducted considering different
variables in order to facilitate and explore the topic.
References
1. Nordernfelt, L. (2006). Understanding the Concept of Health. Department of Health and Society,
Linköping University.
2. Boruchovitch, E., & Mednick, B.R. (2002). The Meaning Of Health And Illness: Some Considerations For
Health Psychology
3. Wehigaldeniya , W.G.D.S, Oshani, P.A.L, & Kumara, I.M.N.S. (2017). Height, Weight, Body, Mass Index
(BMI) and Academic Performance (AP) of University Students in Sri Lanka: With Special Reference to the
University of Kelaniya. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications
4. World Health Organization 2010. Global Status Report on Non-communicable Disease 2010
5. Agarwal S., Bhalla, P., Kaur, S., & Babbar, R. Effect Of Body Mass Index On Physical Self-Concept,
Cognition & Academic Performance Of First Year Medical Students
6. Alswat, K., Al-shehri, A., Aljuaid, T., Alzaidi, B., & Alasmari, H. (2017). The Association Between Body
Mass Index And Academic Performance
7. Baxter, S., Guinn, C., Tebbs, J., & Royer, J. No Relationship Between Academic Achievement And Body
Mass Index Among Fourth-Grade, Predominantly African-American Children
8. Atare, U. & Nkangude A. (2014). Body Mass Index And Academic Performance Of Undergraduate
University Students
9. Shah, D. & Maiya, A. (2017). Correlation Between Academic Performance and Obesity in School-Children
from Anand District
Appendix A
Microsoft Excel File for the calculation of the Senior High School GWA, BMI’s, and its respective translation:
Section Weight (in kg) Height in Meter GWA of Grade 11 Report Card GWA of Grade 12 Report Card BMI Average of G11 and G12 BMI
BIO1A/COS1A 27.21 1.70 86 87 9.3953 86.50 Underweight
BIO1A/COS1A 36.28739 1.63 83 84 13.7318 83.50 Underweight
BIO1A/COS1A 35 1.53 87 91 14.9515 89.00 Underweight
BIO1A/COS1A 43 1.65 83.5 86.4 15.7943 84.95 Underweight
BIO1A/COS1A 37 1.52 93 95.11 15.9224 94.06 Underweight
BIO1A/COS1A 44 1.60 95.5 95 17.1875 95.25 Underweight
BSA1A/BSBAMG1A 40 1.52 86 88 17.3130 87.00 Underweight
BSA1A/BSBAMG1A 41 1.52 88.27 90.9 17.6528 89.59 Underweight
BSA1A/BSBAMG1A 47 1.62 93 94.25 17.9089 93.63 Underweight
BSA1A/BSBAMG1A 45.56 1.57 86 89 18.3710 87.50 Underweight
BSA1A/BSBAMG1A 40 1.47 91 93 18.5108 92.00 Normal Weight
BSA1A/BSBAMG1A 42 1.50 87.6 86.5 18.7016 87.05 Normal Weight
BSA1A/BSBAMG1A 52 1.65 85.96 92.43 19.0770 89.20 Normal Weight
BSND1A 43 1.50 85 86 19.1111 85.50 Normal Weight
BSND1A 50 1.59 89.9 91.35 19.6786 90.63 Normal Weight
BSND1A 45 1.49 92.07 94 20.2694 93.04 Normal Weight
BSND1A 50 1.57 88.5 91 20.2848 89.75 Normal Weight
BSND1A 51.5 1.57 90 88 20.7662 89.00 Normal Weight
BSND1A 50 1.55 91 93.5 20.8117 92.25 Normal Weight
DENT1D 50 1.55 91 93 20.8278 92.00 Normal Weight
DENT1D 52 1.58 88.33 91.5 20.8300 89.92 Normal Weight
DENT1D 47 1.50 90.5 91 20.9279 90.75 Normal Weight
DENT1D 50.3 1.55 92 91 20.9527 91.50 Normal Weight
DENT1I 60 1.68 97 96 21.3499 96.50 Normal Weight
DENT1I 50 1.53 91 93.57 21.3593 92.29 Normal Weight
DENT1I 53 1.57 84.3 85.7 21.3710 85.00 Normal Weight
DENT1I 56 1.60 84.06 86 21.8695 85.03 Normal Weight
DENT1M 65 1.70 81 83 22.4438 82.00 Normal Weight
DENT1M 66 1.71 84.7 89.4 22.4527 87.05 Normal Weight
DENT1M 54 1.55 80 88.8 22.4940 84.40 Normal Weight
DENT1M 52 1.52 93.22 92 22.5069 92.61 Normal Weight
MUSIC 54 1.52 93 95 23.3726 94.00 Normal Weight
MUSIC 52 1.49 92 93 23.4224 92.50 Normal Weight
OPTO1A/1C 60 1.60 91 92 23.4316 91.50 Normal Weight
OPTO1A/1C 60 1.60 83.4 85.61 23.4375 84.51 Normal Weight
OPTO1A/1C 54.5 1.49 90.1 94.3 24.5484 92.20 Normal Weight
OPTO1A/1C 70 1.68 86.88 86 24.9082 86.44 Normal Weight
OPTO1A/1C 59 1.52 89.9 93.63 25.4028 91.77 Overweight
OPTO1A/1C 70 1.65 88 91 25.6805 89.50 Overweight
OPTO1A/1C 63.5 1.57 88 88 25.7617 88.00 Overweight
OPTO1A/1C 40 1.21 90 92.63 27.3205 91.32 Overweight
PSYCH1A 67 1.52 87 90 28.9993 88.50 Overweight
PSYCH1A 69 1.53 86 89 29.4758 87.50 Overweight
PSYCH1A 64 1.47 86.74 91.88 29.4888 89.31 Overweight
PSYCH1A 70 1.50 88.642 94 31.1111 91.32 Obese
PSYCH1A 90 1.65 91.14 92.19 33.0178 91.67 Obese
PSYCH1A 80 1.55 87.41 86.67 33.2986 87.04 Obese
PSYCH1A 89 1.62 93 86 33.9125 89.50 Obese
PSYCH1A 78 1.50 87.93 91.65 34.7315 89.79 Obese
PSYCH1A 87 1.57 90 90.98 35.0807 90.49 Obese
PSYCH1A 83 1.53 90 92 35.4564 91.00 Obese
PSYCH1A 60 1.25 92 94 38.2346 93.00 Obese
PSYCH1A 95 1.56 86 88.67 39.0368 87.34 Obese
PSYCH1A 99 1.57 89 89 40.1639 89.00 Obese
PSYCH1A 99 1.55 89.43 90.84 41.2071 90.14 Obese
PSYCH1A 115 1.65 88 91.25 42.2406 89.63 Obese
PSYCH1A 114 1.54 80 88 48.0688 84.00 Obese
PSYCH1A 152 1.62 86 87 57.9180 86.50 Obese
The following sample formulas were used for calculations:

BMI =E2/(AJ2*AJ2)
Senior High School GWA =(AK2+AL2)/2
BMI
=IF(AW2<18.5,"Underweight",IF(AND(AW2>=18.5,AW2<=24.99),"NormalWeight",IF(AND(AW2>=25,AW2<=29.99),"
Overweight","Obese")))

BSA1A Group 1 - The Relationship Between BMI and SHS GWA

Încărcat de

Informații document

Titlu original

Drepturi de autor

Formate disponibile

Partajați acest document

Partajați sau inserați document

Opțiuni de partajare

Vi se pare util acest document?

Este necorespunzător acest conținut?

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

BSA1A Group 1 - The Relationship Between BMI and SHS GWA

Încărcat de

Drepturi de autor:

Formate disponibile

The Relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Senior High

School General Weighted Average of First Year Centro Escolar

The following data were utilized for the study:

Mean 22.46666066 Mean 89.65826579

Pearson r Qualitative Description

Figure 7 Line Fit Plot and Trend Line

The following sample formulas were used for calculations:

S-ar putea să vă placă și