Review of Literature

The significance of the literature review is to assess the Research conducted in the past in a
particular domain. There view of the theory is conducted to bring clarity in the understanding
of the existing body of knowledge. The theories, concepts, definitions were studied to have a
better understanding of the knowledge in the topic selected.

Jamil Ghojel et al (1983) has undergone a study on Effect of Oxygen Enrichment on the Performance
and Emissions of I.D.I. Diesel Engines and investigated effect of the partial pressure of O2 in the intake
charge of an I.D.I. Diesel engine on the various operating parameters and the exhaust emissions. The
oxygen content in the intake was varied between 21% and 40% by volume. Engine performance and
emissions were evaluated at a constant engine speed and injection timing while fueling was varied. The
research revealed that enriching the intake air with oxygen led to a large decrease in ignition delay and
reduced combustion noise. The fuel economy, 20 the power output and the exhaust temperature
remained almost constant. HC and CO emissions decreased and smoke levels dropped substantially,
while NOx emissions increased pro-rata with the O2 added. Norimasa Iida et al (1986) has done the
experimental effects of Intake Oxygen Concentration on the Characteristics of Particulate Emissions
from a D.I. Diesel Engine. It was found that OEC reduces particulate emissions from a DI diesel engine for
all operating conditions tested. Insoluble particulate is especially suppressed by OEC at high load
conditions. Oxygen enriched charging has little effect on the particulate size distribution at high loads
when the mass fraction of extractable is low. Fuel consumption, at constant injection timing, is
improved a little by OEC. Emissions of NOx increase exponentially with increasing oxygen concentration.
Ignition delay is decreased by OEC and this allows injection timing to be retarded to reduce Ox emissions
without increasing the specific fuel consumption.

Rachel Dardic and Horacio Soberon-Ferrer(1994) have investigated the rapport between automobile
attributes and household characteristics to consumer preferences for cars. The analysis was confined to
households that purchased new cars in 1986 and employed two-stage profit analysis. Results indicated
that the coefficients of five automobile quality attributes were statistically significant while the
coefficients of most household characteristics were not significant. Households were interested in more
fuel efficient and heavier cars as well as cars with lower depreciation rates and a lower frequency of
repair are more likely to buy Japanese than non-Japanese cars.

Dr. K. Ravichandran ,K. Venkatesh and Dr. R. Muruganandham has made a scientific approach to
identify the key factors that influence the consumers (1) while selecting the appropriate four wheelers
especially cars by considering the parameters such as mileage, maintenance cost, brake failure, comfort
and brand which are obscure and imprecise in nature. With regards to the selection of four wheelers like
cars, the consumers are in dilemma to identify and select an appropriate model
Bhupesh Gautam (28 Jun 2011) says Disadvantages of Diesel car over Petrol car are (1) Initial price of
Diesel car is more than a petrol car, (2) maintenance cost for Diesel car is more than that of a petrol car.
Disadvantage of Petrol car 1) Petrol costs more than diesel, (2) When compared with similarly powered
cars, consumption of fuel per km. in Petrol car is more than Diesel car.” Considering the above points,
thumb rule given by automobile experts is that if one drives 1500 km or more on a monthly average,
buying a diesel car makes sense. Otherwise, petrol car should be preferred.

Akanksha Pandit (28 Jun 2011) says, the main difference between a diesel vehicle and a petrol vehicle
(other than the fuel used) lies in its engine. A diesel engine is more powerful than a petrol engine. Diesel
engine requires a complex propulsive mechanism and that's why diesel cars are costlier. But the mileage
of a diesel car is more than that of a petrol car because of powerful engine. The cost of petrol is also
more than that of diesel. Diesel car thus is more cost effective. However, diesel car is more polluting
than petrol car.

Krishnamoorthy (05 Jul 2011) says “If customer are seeking a car for personal use than petrol version is
better than diesel but on the contrary if customers are using for commercial use than diesel version is
recommended. Actually it depends on usage, if customers are using vehicle 40-60 km per day than
petrol version is profitable otherwise go with diesel version. The maintenance cost for the diesel version
is very high in comparison with petrol version.”

Gomathi ,(2006) in her article observes that majority of consumers prefer diesel cars due to its better
mileage and high power of the car.

Mr.R. Ruban Kumar and Dr.S.T.Surulive (2016) his study is to determine the customer preference when
buying Heavy commercial Vehicle with various attributes like Mileage, Performance, Serviceability,
Resale value, Availability of spare parts, Comfort, Technology, Discounts, Down payment and to know
which of the above attributes compliment more to increase the sales of the company