Problem

Find the probability distribution of the random variable X if X~Bin(10,0.4). Find also P(X=5) and P(X<2). Then
find the mean and variance for X.

Solution
a. The random variable X X~Bin(10,0.4)
x= 4 n= 10
x= 3 p= 0.4
x= 2
So, the probability from the random variables X are as follows :

(■8(𝑛@𝑥))
P (x) = 𝑝^𝑥 (1−𝑝)^(𝑛 −𝑥)

P (x = 4) = 0.25082
P (x = 3) = 0.2150
P (x = 2) = 0.12093

b. P (x=5) X~Bin(10,0.4)
x= 5 n= 10
p= 0.4
So, the probability from X=5 is as follows :

(■8(𝑛@𝑥))
P (x) = 𝑝^𝑥 (1−𝑝)^(𝑛 −𝑥)

P (x = 5) = 0.20066

P (x<2) X~Bin(10,0.4)
x= 0 n= 10
x= 1 p= 0.4

So, the probability from X<2 are as follows :

(■8(𝑛@𝑥))
P (x) = 𝑝^𝑥 (1−𝑝)^(𝑛 −𝑥)

P (x = 0) = 0.0060
P (x = 1) = 0.0403

total 0.0464
Problem
A fair die is rolled 8 times. Find the probability that no more than 2 sixes comes up. Then find the mean and
variance for X.

Solution
a. The probability that no more than 2 sixes comes up is as follows :
X<2 So, the probability that comes up 0 and 1 of six are :
n(S) = 48
x=0 n(A) = 40 P = 0.83333
x=1 n(A) = 8 P = 0.16667
Total = 1 OK

b. Mean and variance for X

Xx 0 1 So, The mean for X is as follows :

P (X x) 0.83333 0.16667
Ex = µx∑▒
= 〖𝑥 . 〗 � _((𝑋𝑥))
X.P(X x) 0 0.16667
X².P(X x) 0 0.16667 = 0.16667
x-µ -0.1667 0.83333
(x - µ)² 0.02778 0.69444 So, The variance for X is as follows :
(x - µ)².P(Xx) 0.02315 0.11574
Vx = σx∑▒
= 〖 (𝑥 − 𝜇)^2.�_((𝑋𝑥)) 〗

= 0.13889
Problem

A large industrial firm allows a discount on any invoice that is paid within 30 days. Of all invoices, 10% receive the
discount. In a company audit, 12 invoices are sampled at random. What is probability that fewer than 4 of 12 sampled
invoices receive the discount?
Then, what is probability that more than 1 of the 12 sampled invoices received a discount.

Solution
a. X < 4 X~Bin(12,0.1)
x= 3 n= 12
x= 2 p= 0.1
x= 1
x= 0
So, the probability from the random variables X are as follows :

(■8(𝑛@𝑥))
P (x) = 𝑝^𝑥 (1−𝑝)^(𝑛 −𝑥)

P (x = 3) = 0.08523
P (x = 2) = 0.23013
P (x = 1) = 0.37657
P (x = 0) = 0.28243
Total = 0.97436

b. More than 1 (1< X ≤12)

So, the probability from the random variables X are as follows :

(■8(𝑛@𝑥))
P (x) = 𝑝^𝑥 (1−𝑝)^(𝑛 −𝑥)

No X P (x)
1 2 0.230127770466
2 3 0.085232507580
3 4 0.021308126895
4 5 0.003788111448
5 6 0.000491051484
6 7 0.000046766808
7 8 0.000003247695
8 9 0.000000160380
9 10 0.000000005346
10 11 0.000000000108
11 12 0.000000000001
Total 0.34099774821
10% receive the
han 4 of 12 sampled