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Instrucciones: Resuelve las siguientes integrales, tomando en cuenta los conocimientos en integrales
múltiples.
√2 √2−𝑥 2 2
𝑉=∫ ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑧𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑛 𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑏𝑖𝑜 𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑎𝑠 𝑐𝑖𝑙í𝑛𝑑𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑠
0 0 𝑥 2 +𝑦 2
2. Calcula el momento de inercia sobre el eje 𝒙, de la región plana limitada por la parábola 𝒚𝟐 = 𝟏 −
𝒙 y las rectas 𝒙 = 𝟎 e 𝒚 = 𝟎, la función densidad es 𝝆(𝒙, 𝒚) = 𝒙
Consideremos la parábola
𝑦 2 = 1 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑦 = ± √1 − 𝑥 𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑒𝑙 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑜𝑟 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑟𝑞𝑢𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡𝑎 𝑙𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑎 𝑦 = 0
Calculamos los puntos de intersección de la recta y=0 y la parábola, tenemos
𝑠𝑖 𝑦 = 0 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑦 2 = 1 − 𝑥 𝑠𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒 𝑎 0 = 1 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 𝑥 = 1, 𝑒𝑙 𝑝𝑢𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑒𝑠 (1,0)
𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑠𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝐺𝑒𝑜 𝐺𝑒𝑏𝑟𝑎, 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟é 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1 0 ≤ 𝑦 ≤ √1 − 𝑥
1 √1−𝑥
𝐸𝑙 𝑚𝑜𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑑𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑖𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑏𝑟𝑒 𝑒𝑙 𝑒𝑗𝑒 "x" 𝑒𝑠 𝐼𝑥 = ∬ 𝑦 2 𝜌(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝐴 = ∫ ∫ 𝑦 2 𝜌(𝑥, 𝑦)𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
𝐷 0 0
1 √1−𝑥 1
𝑥𝑦 3 √1 − 𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝜌(𝑥, 𝑦) = 𝑥 𝑙𝑎 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑒 𝑎 𝐼𝑥 = ∫ ∫ 𝑦 2 𝑥𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥 = ∫ [ ] 𝑑𝑥 =
0 0 0 3 0
1 3
𝑥(√1 − 𝑥) 1 1 3
𝐼𝑥 = ∫ [ − 0] 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥(1 − 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥
0 3 3 0
1 1 3 1 2 5
1
1
2 5
𝐼𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥(1 − 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥 = ([𝑥 (− (1 − 𝑥)2 )] − ∫ − (1 − 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥 ) … … (1)
3 0 3 5 0 0 5
1
2 5 2 1 5 2 1 2 𝑤 7/2 1 4 7
∫ − (1 − 𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥) = ∫ (1 − 𝑥)2 (−𝑑𝑥) = ∫ 𝑤 5/2 𝑑𝑤 = | = (1 − 𝑥)2 | 1 𝑠𝑢𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑢𝑦𝑜 𝑒𝑛 (1)
0 5 5 0 5 0 5 7 0 35 0
2
1 2 5
1 4 7
1
𝐼𝑥 = ([𝑥 (− (1 − 𝑥)2 )] − [ (1 − 𝑥)2 ] ) =
3 5 0 35 0
1 2 5 2 5 4 7 4 7 1 4 7
= ([(1) (− (1 − 1)2 ) − (0) (− (1 − 0)2 )] − [ (1 − 1)2 − (1 − 0)2 ] = ([0 − 0] − [0 − (1)2 ])
3 5 5 35 35 3 35
1 4 1 4 4
𝐼𝑥 = (0 − [− ]) = ( ) =
3 35 3 35 105
𝟒
𝑰𝒙 =
𝟏𝟎𝟓
1 √1−𝑥 2 √2−𝑥 2 −𝑦 2
∫ ∫ ∫ 𝑥𝑦𝑑𝑧𝑑𝑦𝑑𝑥
0 0 √𝑥 2 +𝑦 2
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
2 2 == 4√2 [−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 + cos3 𝑥] 2 + [cot (𝜋) − cot (𝜋)] =
= ∫ 4√2(1 − cos 2 𝜑)𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜑𝑑𝜑 − (−𝑐𝑜𝑡𝜑)|𝜋
1
𝜋 3 𝜋 2 4
4
4 4
𝜋 1 3
𝜋 𝜋 1 3
𝜋 1 1 1 3
= 4√2 [− cos ( ) + cos ( ) − (−𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( ) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ( ))] + [0 − 1] = 4√2 ( − ( ) ) − 1 =
2 3 2 4 3 4 √2 3 √2
1 1 1 5 20 14 7
= 4√2 ( − ( ) ( )) − 1 = 4√2 ( )−1 = −1 = =
√2 3 2√1 6√2 6 6 3
𝜋 𝜋/2
𝜋
2 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 7 7 7 1 7 𝜋 7
∫ ( ) 𝑑𝜃 = ∫ 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝜃𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑑𝜃 = (− ) |cos 𝜃|2 = − (cos2 − cos2 0) = − (02 − 12 )
2
0 5 3 15 15 2 0 30 2 30
0
13 7
= − (−1) =
30 30
4. Aplica el teorema del Valor medio, para probar que la integral se encuentra entre
𝟏 𝟏 𝝅 𝝅
𝒆
≤ ∫ ∫ 𝒆𝒔𝒆𝒏(𝒙+𝒚)
𝟒𝝅𝟐 −𝝅 −𝝅
≤ 𝒆.
Calculamos
𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓
= cos(𝑥 + 𝑦) ℮𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥+𝑦) = cos(𝑥 + 𝑦) ℮𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥+𝑦)
𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦
𝜕 2𝑓
2
= −𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑦)℮𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥+𝑦) + cos2 (𝑥 + 𝑦) ℮𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥+𝑦) = (−𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑦) + cos2 (𝑥 + 𝑦))℮𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥+𝑦)
𝜕𝑥
𝜕 2𝑓
= −𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑦)℮𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥+𝑦) + cos2 (𝑥 + 𝑦) ℮𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥+𝑦) = (−𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑦) + cos2 (𝑥 + 𝑦))℮𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥+𝑦)
𝜕𝑥 2
𝜕 2𝑓
= −𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑦)℮𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥+𝑦) + cos 2 (𝑥 + 𝑦) ℮𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥+𝑦) = (−𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑦) + cos 2 (𝑥 + 𝑦))℮𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥+𝑦)
𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦
𝜕𝑓 𝜋 𝜋
= 0 𝑠𝑖 cos(𝑥 + 𝑦) ℮𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥+𝑦) = 0 ↔ cos(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 0 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑜 𝑥 + 𝑦 = −
𝜕𝑥 2 2
𝜕𝑓 𝜋 𝜋
= 0 𝑠𝑖 cos(𝑥 + 𝑦) ℮𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥+𝑦) = 0 ↔ cos(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 0 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑜 𝑥 + 𝑦 = −
𝜕𝑦 2 2
𝜋 𝜋 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥+𝑦)
𝜋
𝑠𝑒𝑛( 2 ) 1
𝑠𝑖 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 ( ) = 1 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 ℮ =℮ = ℮ =℮
2 2
𝜋 𝜋 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥+𝑦)
𝜋
𝑠𝑒𝑛( 2 ) −1 1
𝑠𝑖 𝑥 + 𝑦 = − 𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 (− ) = −1 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 ℮ =℮ = ℮ =
2 2 ℮
𝜕2𝑓 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝑠𝑒𝑛(2)
2
(𝑥 + 𝑦 = ) = (−𝑠𝑒𝑛 ( ) + cos2 ( )) ℮ = (−1 + 02 ) ℮1 = −℮
𝜕𝑥 2 2 2
𝜕2𝑓 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
2 ( )) ℮𝑠𝑒𝑛(2) = (−1 + 02 ) ℮1 = −℮
(𝑥 + 𝑦 = ) = (−𝑠𝑒𝑛 ( ) + cos
𝜕𝑦 2 2 2 2
𝜕2𝑓 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝑠𝑒𝑛(2)
(𝑥 + 𝑦 = ) = (−𝑠𝑒𝑛 ( ) + cos2 ( )) ℮ = (−1 + 02 ) ℮1 = −℮
𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 2 2 2
2 2
𝜋 𝜕2𝑓 𝜕2𝑓 𝜕 𝑓 2 2
𝑒𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝐷 = ( 2 ) ( 2 ) − ( ) = (−℮)(−℮) − (−℮)2 = ℮ − ℮ = 0
2 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦
2
𝜋 𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓 𝜕 𝑓
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑦 = , =0 = 0, 2 = −℮ < 0 𝑦 𝐷 = 0 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑛 𝑚á𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑜
2 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝑠𝑒𝑛( ) 1
𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 𝑥 + 𝑦 = − 𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒 𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 𝑠𝑒𝑛 (− ) = −1 𝑑𝑒 𝑑𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑒 ℮𝑠𝑒𝑛(𝑥+𝑦) = ℮ 2 = ℮−1 =
2 2 ℮
𝜕2𝑓 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
2 (− )) ℮𝑠𝑒𝑛(−2) = (−(−1) + 02 ) ℮−1 =
1
(𝑥 + 𝑦 = − ) = (−𝑠𝑒𝑛 (− ) + cos
𝜕𝑥 2 2 2 2 ℮
𝜕2𝑓 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝑠𝑒𝑛(−2) 1
2
(𝑥 + 𝑦 = − ) = (−𝑠𝑒𝑛 (− ) + cos2 (− )) ℮ = (−(−1) + 02 ) ℮−1 =
𝜕𝑦 2 2 2 ℮
𝜕2𝑓 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝑠𝑒𝑛(−2) 1
(𝑥 + 𝑦 = − ) = (−𝑠𝑒𝑛 (− ) + cos2 (− )) ℮ = (−(−1) + 02 ) ℮−1 =
𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 2 2 2 ℮
2 2 2
𝜋 𝜕2𝑓 𝜕2𝑓 𝜕 𝑓 1 1 1 1 1
𝑒𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 𝐷 = ( 2 ) ( 2 ) − ( ) = ( )( ) − ( ) = 2 − 2 = 0
2 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥𝜕𝑦 ℮ ℮ ℮ ℮ ℮
𝜋 𝜕𝑓 𝜕𝑓 𝜕2 𝑓 1
𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑒𝑛 𝑥 + 𝑦 = − , =0 = 0, = > 0 𝑦 𝐷 = 0 𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑠 𝑢𝑛 𝑚í𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑜
2 𝜕𝑥 𝜕𝑦 𝜕𝑥2 ℮
1
Encontramos los puntos críticos y encontramos que el mínimo valor de la función es y el máximo es ℮
℮
Evaluemos
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝜋 𝜋
∬ 𝑑𝐴 = ∫ ∫ 𝑑𝑥𝑑𝑦 = ∫ [𝑥] 𝑑𝑦 = 2𝜋 ∫ 𝑑𝑦 = 2𝜋[𝑦] = 2𝜋(2𝜋) = 4𝜋 2
𝐴 −𝜋 −𝜋 −𝜋
−𝜋 −𝜋
−𝜋
Como la función es continua sobre A y alcanza un valor máximo y un valor mínimo podemos aplicar el teorema del valor
medio
𝜋 𝜋 1
𝑓 (𝑥 + 𝑦 = ) 𝐴(𝐴) = ℮4𝜋2 𝑦 𝑓 (𝑥 + 𝑦 = − ) 𝐴(𝐴) = (4𝜋2 ) 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑙𝑜 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑜
2 2 ℮
𝝅 𝝅
1
(4𝜋 ) < ∫ ∫ 𝒆𝒔𝒆𝒏(𝒙+𝒚) < ℮4𝜋 2 𝑑𝑖𝑣𝑖𝑑𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑜 4𝜋 2 𝑠𝑒 𝑡𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑒
2
℮ −𝝅 −𝝅
𝝅 𝝅
1 1
< ∫ ∫ 𝒆𝒔𝒆𝒏(𝒙+𝒚) < ℮ 𝑄𝐸𝐷
℮ 4𝜋 2 −𝝅 −𝝅