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Siemens Belgium-Luxemburg
© Siemens AG 2006
Siemens Power Transmission and Distribution
What we have to offer
Circuit-breakers
Arrestors, Bushings, Coils and
Instrument Transformers
Disconnectors
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 3 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
Products and Solutions for High Voltage
AIS – Circuit Breakers
Rated short-circuit
breaking current [kA]
80
3AT2/3 3AT4/5
63
50
40
31,5
25
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 5 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
High-Voltage Circuit-Breaker
Product Characteristics
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 6 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
Products and Solutions for High Voltage
Arrestors, Bushings, Coils & Instrument Transformers
Arrester Coils
HV: Air Core Dry Type
AIS (Porcellain, Polymer) Reactors
& GIS; HVDC, FACTS Line Traps
MV: Distribution Arc Suppression Coils
& Traction Vehicles
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 7 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
Products and Solutions for High Voltage
Disconnectors & Earthing Switches from 36 kV to 800 kV
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 8 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
Products and Solutions for High voltage
Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS)
80
50
40
HIS 8DQ1 8DR1
31,5
HIS 8DN8
25 8DQ1
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 11 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
Products and Solutions for High voltage
Highly Integrated Switchgear (HIS)
Compact
Low cost
Modular
Suitable for in- and outdoor use
Savings HIS*
Site price 60 %
Civil works 20 %
Secondary cables 35 %
Steel structures 30 %
Earthing 70 %
Erection, tests,
commissioning 70 %
Niveau de production et
Réseau de Transport
x x
Niveau de distribution primaire
x x x x x x x
Basse tension
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 13 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
Medium Voltage: Overview
8DA 8DB
Type-tested, single-phase Type-tested, single-phase
encapsulation, metal-clad encapsulation, metal-clad
Proved design, Single Proved design, Double
Busbar Busbar
Modular design with Modular design with
standard enclosures standard enclosures
allows single- and double Busbars and busbar-
phase applications disconnectors in separate
More than 15 years of gas compartments
operating experience More than 15 years of
operating experience
NX AIR NX AIR M
Type-tested, IEC 62271-200, Type-tested, IEC 62271-200,
metal-clad, loss of service metal-clad, loss of service
continuity category: continuity category:
LSC 2B, partition class: LSC 2B, partition class:
PM, internal arc classification: PM, internal arc classification:
IAC A FLR ≤40 kA, 1s IAC A FLR ≤25 kA, 1s
Single- and double busbar Single- and Double Busbar
(back/back, front/front) (back/back, front/front)
Vacuum circuit-breaker Vacuum circuit-breaker
withdrawable withdrawable
Vacuum contactor withdrawable Max. renewed availability by
Max. renewed availability by modular design
modular design Selective shutdown by bushing
Selective shutdown by bushing type transformers and pressure
type transformers and pressure resistant compartments
resistant compartments Max. operating safety by
Max. operating safety by self- selfexplanatory logical operating
explanatory logical operating elements
elements Maintenance intervals > 10 years
Maintenance intervals > 10 years
8DJ10 8DJ20
Type-tested Type-tested
Independent of climate Independent of climate
Maintenance-free Maintenance-free
Block-type construction, Block-type construction,
for 3-6 bays for 1-5 bays
Hermetically-sealed Hermetically-sealed
welded welded
switch-gear enclosures switch-gear enclosures
Compact and clear design Compact and clear design
No sealings No sealings
Highest Quality Level Highest Quality Level
Shortest Delivery Periods Shortest Delivery Periods
Smallest floor space for
substations
Large-scale
power plant
Independent power producers City
(wind generators, solar plants)
Large-scale industry
with in-plant generation Consumers with
sensitive processes
Manufacturing, trade,
small industry without
in-plant generation
Hospital
High reliability
Excellent field experience with more than 2
million vacuum interrupters
Tailormade development
Wide product range for any application
For use in
LV and MV circuit-breakers, load-break
switches and contactors
Autoreclosers
Transformer Tap Changers
Delivery Program
690 up to 1300 V up to 65 kA up to 2500 A
7.2 up to 40.5 kV up to 72 kA up to 6300 A
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 19 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD Division
Transformers
Power
Do lor situs cum
transformersitum
habilitarum
alus causticus
Distribution
imanenter
transformers Status
with
landum exus rius
oil or cast-resin
laudanum
insulation tum.
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 20 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
Siemens Transformers at all Levels of
Transmission and Distribution
Generator
transformer
TLM
Shunt Siemens
HVDC reactor Transformer Life
System Management
interconnecting (condition
Phase angle transformer assessment,
regulator life-extension,
on-site-services,
monitoring, ...)
Special purpose transformers
for industrial application
System
transformer
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 21 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
Power Transformers
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 22 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
Distribution Transformers
GEAFOL
Cast-resin distribution
transformers
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 23 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
Distribution Transformers
Oil-immersed
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 24 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
PTD Division
Energy Automation
Information
Do and
lor situs cum
network control
habilitarum itum
technology
alus causticus
imanenter
ProtectionStatus
and
landum exus
substation rius
auto-
laudanum tum.
mation, telecon-trol
systems, power
Lorem
quality exit vulnareus
plexus est. Vulna
pausta rhus tex, per
itum falor sit wunt.
Sit itum causticus
aurum eum et expli
ndus.Cum
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 25 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
Energy Automation
Strong products and brands on all levels
SICAM TOOLBOX
IMM Protection/Power
DIGSI… Quality/Bay Control
SIPROTEC
REYROLLE
BC 1703 ACP
SIMEAS
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 26 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
SIPROTEC 4
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 27 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
SIPROTEC 4
LE SYSTEME DE PROTECTION =
Sélectif,rapide,fiable
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 28 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
SIPROTEC 4 - What does it mean?
SIPROTEC 4
is a
family of numerical
Protection, Control- and
Automation Devices
from
SIEMENS
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 29 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
SIPROTEC 4
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 30 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
SIPROTEC 4
O/C protection
7SJ6
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 31 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
Time-overcurrent protection Functions
Time-overcurrent protection
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 32 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
Time-overcurrent protection Characteristics
t [sec]
2.0
1.0
0.5
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 33 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
Time-overcurrent protection Characteristics
t [sec]
2.0 Characteristics:
IEC
1.5 ANSI
user defined
1.0
0.5
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 34 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
Time-overcurrent protection Application
1 Line protection
Selectivity by time-grading
x
x
x
2 Motor protection
O/C O/C O/C with short circuit- and
overload protection,
start protection,
x
start inhibit
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 35 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
Time-overcurrent protection Application
x x x x
distance
O/C 1
Blocking
2 T = 50ms Outgoing protection
Energy direction t = xxms
initiates and blocks
the infeed protection
stage within 50 ms
2
O/C O/C O/C Infeed protection
+ + + gives a trip after
start start. start.
50 ms since no
M outgoing feeder has
picked up and blocked
1
the infeed protection
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 37 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
SIPROTEC 4
O/C
O/Cprotection
protectionwith
withmotor
motorprotection
protection
7SJ61
4 CT inputs
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 38 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
SIPROTEC 4
Distance
Distanceprotection
protection
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 39 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
Why impedance protection?
0,6s 0,3s
0,6s 0,3s
0,6s 0,3s
0,6s 0,3s
non-selective trip
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 40 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
Basic principle of impedance protection
relay A
selectivity
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 41 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
Distance measurement (principle)
IL1 Z
ZL = RL + j XL
IL2 L
IL3 ZE = RE +j XE
IE Z
E
UL1 UL2 UL3
6 loops: 3 phase- phase loops and
3 phase- ground loops
Measured current
measured voltage
©
Siemens AG 200606.08.97
dtgerdis3
Page 42 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
Distance measurement (principle)
IL1 ZL
IL2 ZL = RL + j XL
IL3
IE Z ZE = RE +j XE
E
UL1 UL2 UL3
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 44 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
Fourier analysis of measured values
sin 2π ⋅i
n
Sampled
measuring 0 1 2 . . . n
values
i(k −n+i) IS(k) Resulting phasor
i
I(k) = IS(k) + j⋅ IC(k)
k-n k
IC(k) I (k )
j⋅ IC(k)
ϕ
cos 2π ⋅i IS(k)
n
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 45 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
Load and short-circuit impedances
distance relay ZL
operating ZLF1
characteristic ZLF2
Fault area
X
RF RF
ZL F1 F2 ZLoad
D
ZLF2 ZF2
RR Phase - Phase Fault
ZLoad RR ≈ RF / 2
RR
ZLF1 ZF1 ing load
as
Incre Phase - Earth Fault
jL
RR ≈ RF /(1 + RE/RL)
j SC2
Fault in j SC1 R
Minimum Load Impedance:
reverse
Minimum voltage 0,9 Un
direction Load area Maximum current 1,1 In
Maximum angle ± 30°
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 46 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
Graded distance zones
Z3
∆t = grading time
time Z2 t3
Z1 t2
t1
A B C D
D1 D2 D3
distance
Grading rules:
Safety margin is 15
Z1 = 0,85 ZAB
%:
Z2 = 0,85 (ZAB + 0,85 ZBC) line error
Z3 = 0,85 (ZAB + 0,85 (ZBC + 0,85 ZCD)) CT, VT error
measuring error
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 47 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
Determination of fault direction
ΙSC Z'SC
Current area for Impedance area for
reverse faults reverse faults
Not in 7SA522
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 49 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
Impedance zones of digital relays
for
Distance zones
wa
X
rds
Line
Inclined with line angle ϕ
Z5 Angle α prevents overreach of
Z4 Z1 on faults with fault
Z2 resistance that are fed from
Z1B both line ends
α
Z1
re v
ers
e
Load ϕ Load
R
Fault detection
forw
ard no fault detection polygon: the
s
largest zone determines
the fault detection
Z3
characteristic
simple setting of load
rev
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 50 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
Zone grading chart, radial feeder
Z3
Z2
A Z1 B C D
D D D Ι>> ZT
Ι>t
∆Ι
Grading according
Z1 = 0.85 ZA-B the recommendation
Z2 = 0.85 (ZA-B + 0.85 ZB-C) with the safety margin
of 15%.
Z3 = 0.85 [ ZA-B + 0.85 (ZB-C+ 0.85 ZC-D) ]
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 51 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
Ring feeder: with grading against opposite end
grading time
(s)
0.6
0.3
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 52 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
SIPROTEC 4
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 53 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
Measuring Principle
I1
I5
I2
I4
I3
Kirchhoff: I1+I2+I3+I4+I5=0
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 54 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
Trip Characteristic
IX IY
IX IY
0 6 12 0 6 12
Internal Fault
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 55 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
Trip Characteristic
IX
0 6 12 ID = I X + I Y IR = I X + I Y
ID = (+1)+ (+1) = 2 IR = +1 + +1 = 2
IY
0 3 6 12
Internal Fault
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 56 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
Trip Characteristic
internal fault
external fault or External fault
operation condition Idiff = 0
Istab = |I1|+|I2|+...|In|
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 57 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
Differential Current due to CT-Saturation
i1
i2
⎟ i_diff⎟
t
T 2T 3T 4T
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 58 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
Current transformer saturation
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 59 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
SIPROTEC 4
Line
Linedifferential
differentialprotection
protection
Current Comparison Protection for all
applications for cables and overhead
lines
Two up to six line ends
Handles transformers in the protected
zone (integrated vector group matching)
Direct connection to communication
networks
Communication via copper and ISDN
networks
Fault Locator
Fast tripping (less than 15 ms)
Automatic reclosure
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 60 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
SIPROTEC 4 Line differential protection
Configurations
Configurations
7SD52
7SD52
7SD52
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 61 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
SIPROTEC 4
No
Norestrictions
restrictionsfor
forcommunication
communication
Communication with …
direct FO connection up to 100 km
digital communication network (G703, X21)
ISDN-connection
2 or 3 wire pilot wire (twisted, screened)
FO
or
Digital
E O
7SD5
7SD5
O communication network E
or
E ISDN O
O E
or
E 2/3 wire pilot wire (Cu) O
O E
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 62 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
SIPROTEC 4
Topology
Topologydetection,
detection,example
example
side 2 side 2
I2 I2 side 3
Side 3
connection to
I3 I3
I3+I1 I2 other devices
I1+I2 I3
I1 I1
I3+I1
I1+I2
side 1 side 1
Z1B Z1
Z1 Z1B
∆I ∆I
.....11010110.....
Z< Z<
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 64 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
SIPROTEC 4
Multifunctional Protection
for
Transformers and Generators
7UT6
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 65 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
Measuring Preprocessing, Example for CT Matching (Part 1)
SN = 100MVA
measured
IS1 = 2.5A IS2 = 4.58A secondary currents
7UT512
IDiff = ?
IStab= ?
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 66 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution
Method of Vector Group Determination
Side 2: Side 1:
2L1
1L1
2L2
1L2
2L3
1L3
I4
DIGS Station unit
-
Web or
it SICAM PCC
Mon
62,5µ or 50µ FO
Ethernet-
Switch
max. 6 Ethernet
devices patch-
Stand by per Goose
cable
connection switch Message
Info
report
©
Siemens AG 2006
Page 68 28/11/2007 A.belvaux Power Transmission and Distribution