Electronic analogue

Instituto Politécnico Nacional

Escuela Superior de Cómputo

Practice 3

Zener diode and voltage regulators

Subject:

Electronic analogue

Group:

2CM2

Team:

Nagano López Rafael Jair

López Vilchis Luis

Salayandía Salinas Francisco Daniel

Dr. Oscar Carranza Castillo

Electronic analogue
Objetivos
 Analyze the breaking voltage of a zener diode.Analizar los principales circuitos con diodos
zener.
 Implement and analyze the different integrated circuits that are used as regulated voltage
sources.
 Implement and analyze the types of sources: fixed and variable.

Material
1 Experiment tablet. (Proto Board)
2 Diode zener to 3.3 V 1/2 W
2 Diode zener to 5.1 V 1/2 W
2 Diode zener to 9.0 V 1/2 W
2 Resistance of 27  to 2 W
2 Resistance of 33  to 2 W
2 Resistance of 49  to 2 W
2 Resistance of 56  to 2 W
2 Resistance of 82  to 2 W
4 Resistance of 120  to ¼ W
2 Resistance of 240  to ¼ W
2 Potentiometer 10 k
2 Resistance of 100  to 10 W
4 Capacitor of 0.1 F to 50 V
2 Electrolytic capacitor of 1 F to 50 V
1 LM7805
1 Regulator LM7812
1 Regulator LM7905
1 Regulator LM7912
1 Regulator LM317
1 Regulator LM337

Equipment:
2 Digital multimeters 4 Banana-cayman points
2 Multimeter Tips Sets 4 Cayman-cayman points
1 Power supply

Developing
Circuits of operation of the Zener
Arming the next circuit for each of the diodes.

RLIM

Vin VZ RL

Dr. Oscar Carranza Castillo

Electrónica Analógica

For the 3.3 V zener diode use a resistance of 82 Ω in RLim and a resistance of 33 Ω in RL, vary
the voltage of the source as shown in the table and measure the voltage in the resistance RL and
write it down in the table.
For the 5.1 V zener diode use a resistance of 56 Ω in RLim and a resistance of 49 Ω in RL 𝐿,
vary the voltage of the source as shown in the table and measure the voltage in the resistance RL
and write it down in the table.
For the zener diode of 9.0 V use a resistance of 27 Ω in RLim and a resistance of 82 Ω in RL,
vary the voltage of the source as shown in the table and measure the voltage in the resistance RL
and write it down in the table.

Source Voltage Voltage in the resistance Ro

V (V) 3.3 V 5.1 V 9.0 V
3.0 0.86 V 1.32 V 2.23 V

4.0 1.12 V 1.79 V 3.01 V

5.0 1.42 V 2.22 V 3.75 V

6.0 1.65 V 2.64 V 4.34 V

7.0 1.96 V 3.89 V 5.26 V

8.0 2.16 V 3.53 V 6V

9.0 2.53 V 3.97 V 6.78 V

10.0 2.82 V 4.40 V 7.49 V

11.0 3.11 V 4.81 V 8.21 V

12.0 3.16 V 5.14 V 8.82 V

13.0 3.35 V 5.24 V 9.18 V

14.0 3.42 V 5.29 V 9.56 V

15.0 3.49 V 5.34 V 9.94 V

Positive fixed voltage regulator

Build the next circuit and vary the voltage of the power supply with each of the voltage
regulators (LM7805 y LM7812).

78XX
1 3

+ C1 2 + C2 RL
Vin 0.1µF 0.1µF 100Ω

Dr. Oscar Carranza Castillo

Electrónica Analógica

Source Voltage Voltage in the resistance RL

VIN (V) LM7805 LM7812
3.0 0V 16 mV

4.0 0V 166 mV

5.0 77.4 mV 3.6 V

6.0 4.5 V 4.5 V

7.0 5.1 V 5.54 V

8.0 5.1 V 6.54 V

9.0 5.1 V 7.5 V

10.0 5.1 V 8.4 V

11.0 5.1 V 9.5 V

12.0 5.1 V 10.43 V

13.0 5.1 V 11.47 V

14.0 5.1 V 12.1 V

15.0 5.1 V 12.1 V

16.0 5.1 V 12.1 V

Negative fixed voltage regulator

Build the next circuit and vary the voltage of the power supply with each of the voltage
regulators (LM7905 y LM7912).

Dr. Oscar Carranza Castillo

Electrónica Analógica

Voltaje de la Fuente Voltaje en la resistencia 𝑉𝑉𝑉

𝑉𝑉𝑉𝑉 (V) LM7905 LM7912
3.0 1.46 V 1.5 V

4.0 2.03 V 3.31 V

5.0 2.6 V 4.31 V

6.0 3.22 V 5.31 V

7.0 3.66 V 6.38 V

8.0 4.11 V 7.28 V

9.0 4.8 V 8.35 V

10.0 5.1 V 9.23 V

11.0 5.02 V 10.31 V

12.0 5.02 V 11.31 V

13.0 5.02 V 11.93 V

14.0 5.03 V 11.94 V

15.0 5.03 V 11.94 V

16.0 5.03 V 11.94 V

Positive variable voltage regulator

Build the next circuit

LM317
3 2
1
+ C1 R1 + R2 RL
VIN
0.1µF 240Ω 1µF
20V
R2
10KΩ

Vary the potentiometer R2 to obtain the minimum and maximum positive output voltage of the
source.

V0max = 4.67 V y V0min = 18.51 V

Dr. Oscar Carranza Castillo

Electrónica I

Negative variable voltage regulator

Build the next circuit

Now vary the potentiometer R2 to obtain the minimum and maximum negative output voltage
of the source.

V0max = 18.37 V y V0min = 1.39 V

Quiz
1. Mention what is the operating principle of a zener diode.
R=The current that passes through the zener diode under these conditions is called inverse
current (Iz). It is called the rupture zone above Vz. Before reaching Vz the zener diode
DOES NOT DRIVE. As you can see it is a voltage or voltage regulator.
2. What happens to a zener if the source voltage is lower than its voltage?
R= If the voltage of the source is lower than that of the diode, it can not make its
characteristic regulation.
3. What is the purpose of a Voltage regulator?
R= Electronic voltage regulators are found in devices such as computer power supplies,
where they stabilize the DC voltages used by the processor and other elements.
4. What output voltage is available in a fixed voltage regulator of 5 volts if the input voltage is
5 V?
R= 2.5 V
5. Why in the variable voltage regulators the minimum voltage is 1.2 V?
R= It is due to the barrier voltages of some internal regulator semiconductors that are
between the "output" pin and the "adjust" pin. It is also essential, since to regulate the
voltage what is done is to distance that voltage of 1.25V earth through a voltage divider.
Simulations
Conclusions

Luis Enrique López Vilchis

Even though we have some problems while measuring the voltage in the first regulators, it
became really simple as the practice pass by.
Also, I really liked the way that the regulator didn't show any voltage until the minimum voltage
was reached (which makes us lose a lot of time at first)
Concluding, I really enjoyed this practice and I hope that the next ones are as interesting as this
one.

Francisco Daniel Salayandía Salinas

During this practice we have managed to understand the behavior of zener diodes, and we have
been able to observe why they are used in voltage regulators because they have been specially
designed to work in the rupture zone.

When a zener is directly polarized, it will behave like a normal diode, and when it is reverse
polarized, as long as the voltage is lower than the voltage indicated on the zener data sheet, only
a minimum current will pass through the diode, however, when the input voltage exceeds the
zener voltage, the zener voltage will remain constant at its terminals. It is important to place a
resistance in series between the source and the zener diode to limit the current to a value lower
than the limitation, otherwise the zener diode would burn.

Rafael Jair Nagano López

Dr. Oscar Carranza Castillo