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Narrative analysis:
focuses on �the ways in which people make and use stories to interpret the world�
does NOT treat narratives as stories that transmit a set of facts about the world, and is
not primarily interested in whether stories are �true� or not (so is closer to social
contructionism than positivist approach)
views narratives as social products that are produced by people in the context of
specific social, historical and cultural locations
people produce accounts of themselves that are �storied� (ie. that are in the
form of stories/narratives)
the social world is itself �storied� (ie. �piblic� stories circulate in popular
culture, providing means people can use to construct personal identities and
personal narratives). Ricoeur argues that narrative is a key means through which
people produced an identity.
Some of most interview accounts are likely to be �storied� (ie. in narrative
form)
So:
Narratives must have a point (a �so what?� factor), which often takes the
form of a moral message
Usually the researcher says very little, acting primarily as an attentive listener,
but �
Narratives can take different forms, and Propp (1968) argued that:
The Fairytale is structured not by the nature of the characters but by the
function they play in the plot
Element �������������������Function
�����������������Replacement
Kidnap ���������������������Disappearance
�����Vanish
������������������������
����- - - - - - - - - - - -
Labov, 1973
�����������������������������������
�������������Stein, 1979
1) ��������Setting/ orientation
���������������������������������1)
��������Setting
Abstract/ summary of story
�������������������
2) ��������Initiating event
�����������������������������������
������2) ��������Initiating event
3) ��������Complicating action
�������������������������������3)
��������Internal reaction/
response of protagonist
�����������������������������������
��������������������������������������
����������protagonist to deal
�����������������������������������
��������������������������������������
����������with situation
�������������
�������������
�������������
�������������
�������������
�������������
�������������
�����action
6) ��������Coda/ return speaker to
�����������������������6)
��������Reaction to events/
��������������������present
��������������������������������
���������������������������������
������moral of tale
Bruner, 1990: �Acts of Meaning�
�����������������������������������
������������= tension reduction
�����������������������������������
������������= resolution of dilemmas
�����������������������- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
-
Canonical Narratives
Narrative Analysis
Definition
Narratives or stories occur when one or more speakers engage in sharing and recounting an
experience or event. Typically, the telling of a story occupies multiple turns in the course of
a conversation and stories or narratives may share common structural features.
be oral or written
focus on events and the meaning of those events for those experiencing them (e.g. oral
histories; auto-ethnographies)
focus on the ordinary stories people tell as a way to share everyday experiences (e.g.
Labov and Waletzy's work)
Since the 'narrative turn' in the social sciences, narratives or stories have been the focus of
considerable interest. This is because researchers have come to understand that personal,
social, and cultural experiences are contructed through the sharing of stories.
Labov and Waletzky's work over 30 years ago (1967/1997) drew scholars in the study of
language to the study or storytelling. It is from this work that stories came to be seen as
communication events in their own right.
There are a wide range of ways to view and analyze stories or narratives.
In health care research, scholars have investigated the experience of health care and illness
from patients' perspectives (e.g. Kleinman; Mishler) and the meaning of disease (e.g. Stevens
& Tighe Doerr) using a variety of narrative methods.
There are several extended reviews of the narrative and storytelling literature, including:
Riessman, Chase, Goodwin, Langellier, and Robinson. See below for references.
http://www.qualres.org/HomeNarr-3823.html