FRUIT

•A product of flowers usually

developed as a result of flower
being pollinated.
•Referred to as “ripened ovary”.
•Its primary function is to distribute
seeds to new areas where the plant
might grow (seed dispersal vehicle).
 FRUIT

Structure

Classifications
 STRUCTURE
A fruit is composed
of the pericarp and the
seed.
STRUCTURE

SEED

PERICARP
STRUCTURE
Pericarp is the ovary wall
which surrounds the seed
(seed container).
It has three regions:
exocarp/epicarp, mesocarp,
endocarp.
STRUCTURE
Parts of the Pericarp:
1.Exocarp/Epicarp - outer part,
skin of the fruit
2.Mesocarp - middle part, flesh of
the fruit.
3.Endocarp - inner part, encloses
the seed.
STRUCTURE

SEED

PERICARP
STRUCTURE
STRUCTURE
STRUCTURE
STRUCTURE
CLASSIFICATIONS

I. Simple Fruits
II.Aggregate Fruits
III.Multiple Fruits
 CLASSIFICATIONS
I. Simple Fruits
• Developed from one single ovary
containing one or more carpels
and may or may not include
additional accessory structure.
 SIMPLE FRUITS
A.Fleshy Fruits
• Its pericarp and accessory parts
develop into succulent tissues.
• One or more layers of the pericarp
become soft during ripening.
• Its pericarp is fleshy at maturity (soft
pericarp).
 FLESHY FRUITS
1.Berries
• Have one to many seeds and a
pericarp that becomes soft and often
sweet and slimy as it matures.
• Grapes, eggplant, tomatoes, green
peppers, blueberries, mangosteens,
guavas, bananas, ampalaya, papaya
 FLESHY FRUITS
2. Hesperidia
• Have leathery pericarp that
produces fragrant oils and soft
segmented pulp.
• All citrus fruits
 FLESHY FRUITS
3.Pepos
• Have thick or hard exocarp.
• Have a receptacle that partially or
completely encloses the ovary.
• Pumpkins, cucumber, squashes,
cantaloupes, watermelons
 FLESHY FRUITS
4.Pomes (Accessory Fruit)
• Its bulk is formed from a swollen
receptacle.
• Have a thin exocarp and a papery
cartilaginous mesocarp.
• Pears, apples
 SIMPLE FRUITS
B.Dehiscent Dry Fruits
• Have hard texture and wood-like
leathery appearance.
• Split open at maturity to shed
seeds.
 DEHISCENT DRY FRUITS
1. Follicles
• Have single carpel.
• Open along one seam when the
seeds are to be released.
• Milkweed, columbines, peonies,
magnolia
 DEHISCENT DRY FRUITS
2. Legumes/Pods
• Derive from a single carpel.
• Split into two seed-bearing halves.
• Garden peas, beans, peanut,
mesquite
 SIMPLE FRUITS
C.Indehiscent Dry Fruits
• Have hard texture and wood-like
leathery appearance.
• Remain closed at maturity, thus,
leaves their seeds inside them
 INDEHISCENT DRY FRUITS
1.Nuts
• Have hard thick pericarp and a
basal cup.
• Acorns, hickory nuts, chestnuts,
hazelnuts
 INDEHISCENT DRY FRUITS
2. Caryopses/Grains
• Have hard pericarp fastened to the
embryo all the way around.
• Grass family
 CLASSIFICATIONS
II. Aggregate Fruit
• From one flower that produces
many tiny fruits (fruitlets)
clustered together (etaerios).
• Blackberries, strawberries,
raspberries
 CLASSIFICATIONS
III.Multiple Fruit
• From many different flowers or
cluster of flowers develop closely
to form a bigger fruit.
• Pineapples, mulberries, figs,
breadfuits, langka, atis,
durian