Design and Implementation of IoT-Based Automation system for smart home

Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Home automation or Smart Homes can be described as introduction of technology within the
home environment to provide convenience, comfort, security and energy efficiency to its
occupants. Adding intelligence to home environment can provide increased quality of life. With
the introduction of the Internet of Things (IoT), the research and implementation of home
automation are getting more popular. Presently many researches have done that provide many
home automation facilities with the proliferation of IoT.

Nowadays, the large diffusion of smart devices with embedded sensors and wireless interfaces
have enabled the rapid advancement of Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT plays a remarkable role
in improving the quality of life and growing the world’s economy. It facilitates global
connectivity over the world-wide physical objects (e.g., sensors, RFID, smartphones, vehicles,
appliances) to serve people in a collaborative manner automatically and intelligently. The vision
for the IoT states that various “things” are going to be connected and will be controlled across
the Internet. Application domains of IoT cover smart home, smart healthcare, smart grid, smart
transportation, smart city, industrial automation and surveillance. Among various IoT
applications, the design of Smart Home (SH) has drawn great attentions from both academic and
industrial because it is more related to people’s lives

A smart home can be defined in many ways. One definition is a home with an automated system
that comprises sensors and device controllers to provide a comfortable, intelligence and secure
system to improve the quality of life and control home appliances easily, in particular for elderly
and disabled people. The smart Home automation system may provide an interface between
smart phone or personal computer and home appliances, via a wireless communication interface
Bluetooth and Wi-Fi.

There are many of the Home Automation Systems (HAS) that are commercially available and it
can be categorized into two main categories: locally controlled and remotely controlled systems
In the first category, users can control their home appliance using an in-home controller with a

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Design and Implementation of IoT-Based Automation system for smart home

stationary or wireless communication technology (Bluetooth, Zigbee and GSM) for achieving
home automation. In the second category, users can remotely control their homes over Internet
connection using their mobile devices or personal computers. However, there are several issues
involved when designing such automation system and it should be considered Home automation
system should provide a user- friendly interface to allow setup, monitoring and controlling home
appliance easily and efficiently.

Finally, the system controller should be cost effective to allow public users to possess and justify
its application in home automation. To overcome these design issues and minimize the
shortcomings of home automation systems, this paper proposes an integration for locally and
remotely controlled home automation systems. The proposed system will provide a locally
controlled home automation system via a Wi-Fi interface and the low cost Arduino
microcontroller in addition to the use of the IoT concepts for remotely control. This allows the
system to be independent of both user location and mobile provider. It also allows the developed
automation system to be used locally with various Android-based smart phones via Wi-Fi or to
operate remotely via an IoT platform which allows individuals to manage, monitor, and control
their appliance and devices through the Internet.

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Design and Implementation of IoT-Based Automation system for smart home

Chapter 2

LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1.BLUETOOTH BASED HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM USING CELL PHONE,

R.Piyare, M.Tazil,IEEE 15th International Symposium on Consumer Electronics 2011.

In this paper we present a low cost secure cell phone based, flexible home automation system.
Appliances at home are connected to the Arduino BT board. The communication between the
cell phone and the Arduino BT board is wireless. Additional devices can be connected into the
system with little modifications. Since the cell phone script is written in Python, it is portable and
can run on any Symbian Operating System platform .

Wireless technologies are becoming more popular around the world and the consumers
appreciate this wireless lifestyle which gives them relive of the well known “cable chaos” that
tends to grow under their desk. Now with the embedded Bluetooth technology, digital devices
form a network in which the appliances and devices can communicate with each other. Today,
home automation is one of the major applications of Bluetooth technology. Operating over
unlicensed, globally available frequency of 2.4GHz, it can link digital devices within a range of
10m to 100m at the speed of up to 3Mbps depending on the Bluetooth device class. With this
capability of Bluetooth; we propose a home automation system based on Bluetooth technology .

2.2.Design and Implementation of a GSM Based remote home security and appliance
control system, G.M. Sultan Mahmud Rana, Abdullah Al Mamun Khan, Mohammad Nazmul
Hoque, Abu Farzan, International Conference on Future Computer Sciences and
Application2013.

Home automation is a process for improving the quality of resident’s life by facilitating flexible,
comfortable and a secure environment. In international markets Internet based home automation
systems is one of the most popular system . The remote controlling and monitoring of a house

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using internet requires a laptop or a computer which is comparatively large in size and heavy to
carry around all day long. So an alternate can be a mobile phone with Operating system on it for
remote monitoring and controlling of a house. A mobile phone can be carried all day long so it is
feasible to use a mobile phone rather than a laptop or a computer to remotely monitor the status
of our house. Earlier system was dependent on telephone line using a phone based remote
controller . In general the home automation faces four significant challenges . The WSN
(Wireless Sensor Network) technology also has the advantage of wide covering area which
ensures remote monitoring and fast network establishment with reasonable cost . The key
difference between WSN and GSM is its wide covering area which facilitates very long distance
communication.

The main advantage of GSM network is that its wide area coverage even to remote rural area and
it is battery powered. The user can get the theft and intruder alarm within a second wherever user
is. To get the alarm message from the security system installed in the user premises the user has
to activate the alarm through the application each time user leaves the house. To activate and
deactivate the alarm system the user has to log on to the system with a specific password. This
prevents any misuse or unexpected alarm activation of the system. If the users unexpectedly left
any electrical home appliance in running condition then they could also turn that off by the
application. This saves us from a lots of energy wastage. The application and system is
completely user friendly. Someone need not to be an expert to run the application in mobile.
The designed system has the option for adding more sensors. The user also can add more relays
to get control over more appliances if the user wants. So altogether the system is a modern
intelligent home security system which can give us a relief

2.3.IoT based Monitoring and Control System for Home Automation,Pavithra.D

M.E,Ranjith Balakrishnan,Proceedings of 2015 Global Conference on Communication
Technologies(GCCT 2015).

Home automation or sensible home may be delineated as introd uction of technology within the
home atmosphere to provide ease and protection to its occupants. By using the technology of the
Internet of Things, the examination and execution of home automation have got additional

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Design and Implementation of IoT-Based Automation system for smart home

average. Various wireless technologies which is able to support some sort of remote knowledge
transfer, sensing and management like Bluetooth, Wi-Fi and cellular networks are used to enter
abundant levels of acumen within the home. Home automation for the older and disabled will
offer raised quality of life for persons [1]. It may provide an interface to home appliances or the
automation system itself, via telephone line or the internet, to supply management and
observance via a smart phone or personal computer.

The Internet might even be utilized in home automation that offers several decisions from
economical use of energy to additional console, protection and safety. Even over great distances
the user can monitor and manage their home gate, various appliances and turn on/off the T.V
without any human intervention. Despite these advantages, home automation has however
received extensive approval and an attention owing to its high significance and complexness .
This paper will describe an approach in which we implement a controlling and continuous
monitoring system to control various home appliances with Android smart phone

2.4.A Privacy PreservingCommunicationProtocol for IoT Applications in

SmartHomes,Tianyi Song, Ruinian Li, Bo Mei ,Jiguo Yu∗ ,Xiaoshuang Xing,Xiuzhen
chengInternational Conference on Identification, Information and Knowledge in the Internet of
Things 2016.

In this paper, we propose an architecture of smart home systems that contains home appliances
and environment detectors as the agents, a central controller possessing a processor and a
database as the brain of the system, and user interfaces for legitimate users to manipulate the
agents via the central controller. We introduce Message Authentication Code (MAC) to the data
transmission to ensure the data integrity and authentication. The difference between MAC and
digital signature is that MAC is based on symmetric cryptographic primitives while digital
signature is built on asymmetric cryptographic primitives, i.e., using public key scheme to
achieve authentication. We take into considerations that the agents in smart home systems
usually have limited computing capability, and performing asymmetric encryptionand decryption
will bare too much computing tasks on the agents. Therefore, we choose MAC over digital
signature to achieve integrity and authentication.

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Our contributions are listed as follows. 1) We design a smart home architecture from a system
point of view, and we grant the smart home a brain, the central controller, to automatically learn
and adjust the system to create a comfort living environment for the residents. 2) To the best of
our knowledge, we are the first to propose detailed protocols for the smart home agents to
communicate with the central controller to accomplish message integrity and authentication.

2.5.Analyses of Secure Authentication Scheme for Smart Home System based on Internet
on Things ,Meen,Prior,Lam Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Applied
System Innovation IEEE-ICASI 2017.

The term IoT was first introduced by Kevin Aston. It was introduced by concept of the internet
of things (IoT) at MIT’s AutoID lab in 1999. The internet of things is understood to be a global
network infrastructure. It is composed of linking physical and virtual objects through internet
network. The information is interconnected by sensing technique and operability between device
and device. These kinds of infrastructures include existing, internet attached and network
developments. It provides specific object-identification, sensor recognition and connection
capability with independent cooperative services and applications. The characteristics of sensing
in IoT can be classified by a high degree of independent data capture, event transfer, network
connectivity and interoperability. Previous works are discussed from the point of view regarding
to secure transmission problems in the wireless sensor network .

The Internet of Things is composed with RFID, WSN, sensors, Internet and other network.
Information security issues in IoT become more complicated and essential. Traditional and
existing security in single network environment can’t support enhanced secure data exchange in
IoT. In general, we consider that privacy and data protection and information security are
complementary requirements for IoT services. In particular, information security is regarded as
providing confidentiality, integrity and availability. IoT is now considered as the ready
technology for the consumer electronics market segment with very high potential for IoT
deployment, such as to enable home automation and energy management. However, the rate of
IoT adoption among home users depends on their willingness to purchase these devices, and
convenience and security are identified to the two key factors influencing their decision. To
implement enhanced secure communication between IoT devices, we have to solve.

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Chapter 3

PROBLEM DEFNITION
Home automation or Smart Home is a key component of the "Internet of Things," in which
everything has an assigned IP address, and can be monitored and accessed remotely from
anywhere at any time. It is the way where the home appliances and other devices are networked
to control over all aspects of smart home. For many decades, home automation systems have
been in term of lighting and simple appliance control. Recently, technology is enabling full
control of our smart appearances at home from anywhere for the idea of the interconnected world
to become a reality . Home automation can dictate how a device should react, why and when it
should react. It brings convenience, fully-control and money savings. Furthermore, home
automation system can alert the user to events that might occur when they are gone such as water
leaks, gas leaks, fire and unexpected access to their home. At any time, the user has the ability to
make any changes in the settings of automation system based on his requirements and desire by
using android application or other control device.

3.1 Existing system

Based on the researches that have been done, one of the main issues in most existing HAS is
their implementation and maintenance cost which is not affordable for most users. Furthermore,
some current systems provide a view of the house from a web application which is
inconvenience for users, who must access the Web each time they wish to control or view the
status of their houses . In addition, some HAS lack of user friendly interfaces for monitoring and
controlling appliances. Besides, there are some limitations in the communication technologies
that have been used in the existing automation systems. For example, the communication range
of Bluetooth is limited to 10 meters. If more than 10 meters, the connection will be lost and the
user not able to control home’s appliances. Furthermore, ZigBee is designed for low rate wireless
personal area networks with data rate 250Kb/s which is insufficient data rate. Another
communication technology is GSM which can be access anywhere in the world but it is costly
and it has low data rate of transmission and limitations in coverage for rural area.

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3.2 Proposed System

In this paper we propose a new system to overcome the limitations of the existing home
automation systems. This can be achieved by design and fabricate a low-cost Wi-Fi-based
Automation System for Smart Home prototype using Arduino microcontroller and Android-
Based smartphone. The system is developed to control all the electrical appliances at home easily
and efficiently and enable the remote control by supporting the IoT concept.

Software and Hardware Components

Software and Hardware components are

1) Arduino
2) WI-FI Module ESP8266
3) Relay board

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ARDUNIO

Fig 3.1: Arduino Mega 2560

Arduino Mega as shown in Fig.1 is used as the main controller in this project because it is
inexpensive, cross-platform, simple, clear programming environment, opensource and extensible
software. The electrical appliances and the sensors are connected to the pin of Arduino Mega.
The function of Arduino board is to read the input and turn it to output, receive and transmit
serial data, trigger an interrupt on a low value, provide 8-bit PWM output and more.

WI-FI MODULE ESP8266

Wi-Fi Module ESP8266has 8 pins which is depicted as in the Fig. 3.2is connected to the Arduino
Mega. This module is compatible to 3.3V logic level only. ESP8266 is chosen because it is low
cost and high features and that makes it an ideal module for IOT applications.

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Fig 3.2: Wi-Fi Module ESP8266

RELAY BOARD

Fig 3.3: relay board

In this project, the relay module as illustrated in Fig. 3.3 is also used to provide connection
between two or more points in response with the input signal. It is connected to the fan and bulbs
that acts as output. Relay are used in many applications because of their relative simplicity,
long life and proven high reliability. The function is to protect, regulate and control the power.

Plant layout and Top view of house Prototype

The layout design of home prototype is displayed in Fig. 3.4 which is followed by modelling
phase, where all the necessary equipment and materials are used for building a smart home
prototype. The prototype of smart home is built using plywood as presented in Fig. 3.5. After

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Design and Implementation of IoT-Based Automation system for smart home

that, the wiring and hardware implementation is carried out. Then the programming phase of
Arduino Software is accomplished. For design enhancement and optimization, any problem that
occurs during building the project, is identified and solved during testing phase. Some
improvement is also done to avoid the same error. Finally, the complete design of the project is
evaluated.

Fig 3.4:Plant layout

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Fig 3.5: Top view of house prototype

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Design and Implementation of IoT-Based Automation system for smart home

Flow Chart

Fig 3.6:Flow chart of proposed system

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Chapter 4
METHODOLOGY

This paper focus on the usage of Arduino Mega microcontroller along with WI-FI module
ESP8266 in HAS for controlling the home appliances. A local control system over Wi-Fi and a
remote control is established based on IoT. A suitable Wi-Fi-based android application which is
Virtuino is utilized because it has a user-friendly interface and it can work efficiently with
Arduino Mega to control and monitor via smart phone. Arduino controller is programmed to
interact with the Virtuino application. The Wi-Fi module, buzzer, temperature and humidity
sensor will be connected directly to Arduino Mega microcontroller. The sensors are represented
the inputs of the microcontroller. The relay board receive its input signals from Arduino Mega,
while the bulbs and fan which are only samples for real home appliances are connected to the
relay outputs. The sample architecture looks for the proposed system is shown in Fig 4.1

Fig4.1The proposed system architecture

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DHT22 sensor

Fig4.2:DHT22 sensor
The DHT22 is a basic, low-cost digital temperature and humidity sensor. It uses a capacitive
humidity sensor and a thermistor to measure the surrounding air, and spits out a digital signal
on the data pin (no analog input pins needed). It's fairly simple to use, but requires ca reful
timing to grab data. The only real downside of this sensor is you can only get new data from
it once every 2 seconds, so when using our library, sensor readings can be up to 2 seconds
old.

PIR Motion sensor

Fig 4.3: PIR motion sensor

Passive infrared (PIR) sensors use two slots to detect changes to the heat pattern of a room.
When the room is unoccupied, both halves of the sensor detect the same ambient temperature of
the room and the lights remain off. Once a person enters the room, the nearest sensor detects a
higher heat signature than the other half. This creates a "positive differential" charge between the
two slots and the motion sensor turns the lights on. PIR sensors are calibrated to only turn the

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lights on at a certain change threshold to keep the lights from turning on for small animals or the
heat from a window, but false trips can happen. When installing your PIR sensor, note that the
sensor requires line of sight. So, if you want the lights to come on or stay on, this type of sensor
is best used for open floor plans as it can't see through or around shelves and partitions.

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CONCLUSION
This paper proposes, designed and fabricated a low-cost Wi-Fi based Automation System for
Smart Home prototype using Arduino and Android smart phone. It enables the control all the
electrical appliances such as the bulb and fan at home easily and efficiently via Wi-Fi. The
sensor can monitor the motion, humidity and temperature of the house. Buzzer will be ON when
there is a motion detected in the house. The Smart Home Automation System provide
comfortable, intelligence, good security and improve the quality of life. By using this smart
home system, electric bill can be reduced because the user can control the electrical appliances
anytime without using human energy. The next step of our research will be enabling the remote
control of the developed system based on IoT concept so that he user can control it using web
server even when they are not around their house. We are going to increase the number and
variety of sensors for more safety and security in addition to provide option for the fully-
automated of home appliances. We will implement a gateway to connect all sensors to an IoT
platform and we may replace some sensors with a wireless sensor to overcome some wiring
problems. Our final product should be a compact box which is easy to be integrated to an
existing switching board of real houses appliances via relay board and provide safer control.

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REFERENCES

1.BLUETOOTH BASED HOME AUTOMATION SYSTEM USING CELL PHONE, R.Piyare, M.Tazil,IEEE
15th International Symposium on Consumer Electronics 2011.
2.Design and Implementation of a GSM Based remote home security and appliance control
system, G.M. Sultan Mahmud Rana, Abdullah Al Mamun Khan, Mohammad Nazmul Hoque,
Abu Farzan, International Conference on Future Computer Sciences and Application2013.
3.IoT based Monitoring and Control System for Home Automation,Pavithra.D M.E,Ranjith
Balakrishnan,Proceedings of 2015 Global Conference on Communication Technologies(GCCT
2015).

4.A Privacy PreservingCommunicationProtocol for IoT Applications in SmartHomes,Tianyi

Song, Ruinian Li, Bo Mei ,Jiguo Yu∗ ,Xiaoshuang Xing,Xiuzhen chengInternational Conference on
Identification, Information and Knowledge in the Internet of Things 2016.

5.Analyses of Secure Authentication Scheme for Smart Home System based on Internet on
Things ,Meen,Prior,Lam Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Applied System
Innovation IEEE-ICASI 2017.

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