Phonetics and phonology: Research

Presented by:
Forero Rodriguez Jessica Alejandra
Cod: 20181265075
Garnica Pelaez Daniel Mauricio
Cod: 20181265070
Rojas Garzon Ariana Valeria
Cod: 20181265046
Presented to:
Jairo Enrique Castañeda Trujillo

HOW DID I HOW MUST WE

PRONOUNCE THAT? PRONOUNCE?

The United States started with thirteen small

SENTENCE
states. Now there are fifty states spread from east
to west.
/ ðə jʊˈnaɪted start wɪð ˈ /ðə jʊˈnaɪtɪd steɪts ˈstɑːtɪd wɪ
PHONETIC θɪˈtiːn smɔːl steɪts/ /naʊ ðer ˈθɜːˈtiːn smɔːl steɪts/ /naʊ ðeər
TAPESCRIPT ɑː fifthy ɑː fifthy
steɪts sprɛd frɒm iːst tuː wɛst/ steɪts sprɛd frɒm iːst tuː wɛst/
WORD STRESS WORD STRESS
STRESS Uníted oOo Uníted oOo
WORD BY Státes oOo Státes oOo
WORD Stárted oOo Stárted Ooo
Thírteen Oo Thirtéen oO
Smáll oO Smáll oO
Fífty Oo Fífty Oo
Nów - Nów -
Thére Oo Thére Oo
Spreád oO Spreád oO
Fróm - Fróm -
Éast - Éast -
Wést . Wést -
The United States started with thirteen The United States started with thirteen

small states. Now there are fifty states small states. Now there are fifty states
INTONATION
spread from east to west. spread from east to west.
SENTENCE Lazy cows graze in the fields of New Zealand.
The pleasant breeze blows from the seas

PHONETIC
TAPESCRIPT
/ˈleɪzi kaʊz greɪz ɪn ðə fiːldz /ˈleɪzi kaʊz greɪz ɪn ðə fiːldz ɒv
ɒv njuː ˈzlənd/ ðə ˈplɛznt briː njuː ˈziːlənd/ /ðə ˈplɛznt briːz
z bləʊz frɒm ðə siːz/ bləʊz frɒm ðə siːz/

WORD STRESS WORD STRESS

STRESS Lázy Oo Lázy Oo
WORD BY Cóws Oo Cóws Oo
WORD Gráze Oo Gráze Oo
Fíelds Oo Fíelds Oo
Néw - Néw -
Zéaland Ooo Zéaland Ooo
Pléasant Oo Pléasant Oo
Bréeze Oo Bréeze Oo
Séas Oo Séas Oo
Lazy cows graze in the fields of New Lazy cows graze in the fields of New

INTONATION Zealand. The pleasant breeze blows from Zealand. The pleasant breeze blows from

the seas the seas

SENTENCE A Tale of Two Cities was written by Charles

Dickens. Today it is taught throughout the world

/ə teɪl ɒv tuː ˈsɪtiz wɒz ˈrɪtn baɪ /ə teɪl ɒv tuː ˈsɪtiz wɒz ˈrɪtn baɪ
PHONETIC ʧɑːlz ˈdɪkɪnz/ /tʊˈdeɪ ɪt ɪz tɔːt ʧɑːlz ˈdɪkɪnz/ /təˈdeɪ ɪt ɪz tɔːt
TAPESCRIPT θru(ː)ˈaʊt ðe wɔ:ld/ θru(ː)ˈaʊt ðə wɜːld/

WORD STRESS WORD STRESS

STRESS Tále Oo Tále Oo
WORD BY Citíes oO Cíties Oo
WORD Chárles Oo Chárles Oo
Díckens Oo Díckens Oo
Todáy Oo Todáy oO
Táught Oo Táught Oo
Thróúghout Oo Thróúghout Oo
Wórld Oo Wórld Oo
 Wrítten Oo Wrítten Oo
A Tale of Two Cities was written by A Tale of Two Cities was written by

Charles Dickens. Today it is taught Charles Dickens. Today it is taught

INTONATION
throughout the world throughout the world

Dad had a bad cold. He stayed in bed all day

SENTENCE
Monday and Tuesday

/dæd hæd ə bæd kɔːʊld/ /hiː /dæd hæd ə bæd kəʊld/ /hiː
PHONETIC steɪd ɪn bɛd ɔːl deɪ ˈmʌndeɪ steɪd ɪn bɛd ɔːl deɪ ˈmʌndeɪ æn
TAPESCRIPT æn ˈtʊzdeɪ/ dˈtjuːzdeɪ/

WORD STRESS WORD STRESS

STRESS Cóld - Cóld -
WORD BY Stáyed Oo Stáyed Oo
WORD Bád - Bád -
Béd - Béd -
Áll - Áll -
Dáy - Dáy -
Mónday Oo Mónday Oo
Túesday Oo Túesday Oo
Dad had a bad cold. He stayed in bed all Dad had a bad cold. He stayed in bed all

day Monday and Tuesday day Monday and Tuesday

INTONATION

Is there a threat of World War Three? After a third

SENTENCE
War many think there Will be nothing left on
earth. We must be thankful for peace.
/ɪz ðeər trɛt ɒv wɜːld wɔː θriː/ /ɪz ðeər ə θrɛt ɒv wɜːld wɔː θriː/
PHONETIC ˈ/ɑːftər ə θɜːd wɔːrld ˈmɛni θɪ ˈ//ɑːftər ə θɜːd wɔː ˈmɛni θɪŋk ð
TAPESCRIPT ŋk ðer wɪl biː ˈnʌθɪŋ lɛft ɒn ɜː eə wɪl biː ˈnʌθɪŋ lɛft ɒn ɜːθ. wiː
θ/ /wiː mʌst biː ˈθæŋkfʊl fɔːr mʌst biː ˈθæŋkfʊl fɔː piːs/
piːs/
WORD STRESS WORD STRESS
STRESS Thére - Thére -
WORD BY Thréat - Thréat -
WORD After Oo After Oo
Thírd - Thírd -
Wórld - Wórld -
Már - Wár -
Mány Oo Mány Oo
Thínk - Thínk -
Nóthing Oo Nóthing Oo
Thákful Oo Thákful Oo
Péace - Péace -
Is there a threat of World War Three? Is there a threat of World War Three?

After a third War many think there will be After a third War many think there will be
INTONATION
nothing left on earth. We must be thankful nothing left on earth. We must be thankful

for peace. for peace.

My mother and father loathe northem weather.

SENTENCE
They prefer the climate of the southem states.

PHONETIC
/ maɪ ˈmʌðər ənd ˈfɑːðə /maɪ ˈmʌðər ənd ˈfɑːðə ˈləʊð
TAPESCRIPT ˈləʊð nɔrθem ˈwɛθər/ /ˈðeɪ nɔrðem ˈwɛðər/ /ˈðeɪ prəˈf3ːr
ˈprɪf3ːr ˈðə ˈklaɪmət əv ðə ˈðə ˈklaɪmət əv ðə saʊem
sɔʊθem ˈsteɪts/ ˈsteɪts/
WORD STRESS WORD STRESS
STRESS My - My -
WORD BY Mother Oo Móther Oo
WORD And - And -
Father Oo Fáther Oo
Loathe - Loathe -
Northem Oo Nórthem Oo
Weather Oo Wéáther Oo
Théy - Théy -
Prefer Oo Prefér oO
Climate Ooo Clímate Ooo
Southem Oo Sóúthem Oo
States Oo Státes Oo
 My mother and father loathe northem My mother and father loathe northem
INTONATION
Weather. They prefer the climate of the Weather. They prefer the climate of the

southem states. southem states.

Sherry took a short vacation to Washington. She

SENTENCE
went fishing and found shells along the ocean
shore

PHONETIC
/ˈʃɛri ˈtʊk ə ˈʃɔːrt vɑˈkeɪʃən /ˈʃɛri ˈtʊk ə ˈʃɔːrt vəˈkeɪʃən ˈtə
TAPESCRIPT ˈtuː ˈwɑʃɪŋtən/ / ˈʃiː ˈwɛnt ˈwɔʃɪŋtən/ / ˈʃiː ˈwɛnt ˈfɪʃɪŋ
ˈfɪʃɪŋ ən ˈfaʊnd ʃɛlz əˈlɒŋ ðə ənd ˈfaʊnd ʃɛlz əˈlɒŋ ði
ˈoʊʃən ˈʃɔːr/ ˈoʊʃən ˈʃɔr/
WORD STRESS WORD STRESS
STRESS Shérry Oo Shérry Oo
WORD BY Tóók - Tóók -
WORD Shórt - Shórt -
Vacátion oOo Vacátion oOo
Wáshington Ooo Wáshington Ooo
Shé - Shé -
Wént Oo Wént Oo
Físhing Oo Físhing Oo
Fóund Oo Fóund Oo
Shells - Shells -
Alóng oO Alóng oO
Ócean Oo Ócean Oo
Shóre Oo Shóre Oo
Sherry took a short vacation to Sherry took a short vacation to Washington.

INTONATION Washington. She went fishing and found She went fishing and found shells along the

shells along the ocean shore ocean shore

China has a culture which changes every year.

SENTENCE
But the Chinese teachings and rituals are very
charming.
 PHONETIC
TAPESCRIPT
/ˈtʃaɪna ˈhæz ə ˈkʊltʊʃər /ˈtʃaɪnə əz ə ˈkʌltʃər ˈwɪtʃ
ˈwɪtʃ ˈʧeɪnʤə ˈɛvəri ˈjɪər/ / ˈʧeɪnʤəz ˈɛvri ˈjɪər/ / ˈbət
ˈbət ðə ˈtʃaɪniːz ˈtiʧɪŋz ənd ðə ˌtʃaɪˈniːz ˈtiʧɪŋz ənd
ˈrɪʧuɑlz ɑr ˈvɛri ˈtʃɑːrmɪŋ/ ˈrɪʧuəlz ər ˈvɛri ˈtʃɑːrmɪŋ/
WORD STRESS WORD STRESS
STRESS Chína Oo Chína Oo
WORD BY Has - Has -
WORD Cúlture Oo Cúlture Ooo
Which - Which -
Changés oO Chánges Oo
Évery Oo Évery Oo
Yéar - Yéar -
Chínese Ooo Chinése oOo
Téáchings Oo Téachings Oo
Rítuals Ooo Rítuals Ooo
Véry Oo Véry Oo
Chárming Oo Chárming Oo
China has a culture which changes every China has a culture which changes every

INTONATION year. But the Chinese teachings and year. But the Chinese teachings and rituals

rituals are very charming. are very charming.

I made a decision to paint the garage beige. I

SENTENCE
usually paint watch television in my leisure time.

PHONETIC
/ˈaɪ ˈmeɪd ə deˈsɪʒən ˈtu /ˈaɪ ˈmeɪd ə dɪˈsɪʒən ˈtə
TAPESCRIPT ˈpeɪnt ðə ˈgærɑːʒ ˈbeɪʒ/ / ˈpeɪnt ðə ˈgəˈrɑʒ ˈbeɪʒ/ / ˈaɪ
ˈaɪ ˈjuːʒuəli ˈpeɪnt ɔr ˈwɒtʃ ˈjuʒəl ˈpeɪnt ər ˈwɑtʃ
tɛlɛˈvɪʒən ˈɪn maɪ ˈlɛʒər tɛlɪˈvɪʒən ˈɪn maɪ ˈliʒər ˈtaɪm/
ˈtaɪm/
WORD STRESS WORD STRESS
STRESS Máde Oo Máde Oo
WORD BY Decísion oOoo Decísion oOoo
WORD Páint Oo Páint Oo
Garáge oOo Garáge oOo
Béige Oo Béige Oo
Usúally oOo Úsually Oo
Watch - Watch -
Televísion ooOo Televísion ooOo
Léisure Ooo Léisure Ooo
Tíme Oo Tíme Oo
 I made a decision to paint the garage I made a decision to paint the garage beige.

INTONATION Beige. I usually paint or watch television I usually paint or watch television in my

in my leisure time leisure time.

George is majoring in education. He will graduate

SENTENCE
in college next June.

PHONETIC
/ʤɔrʤ ɪz ˈmeɪʤerɪŋ ɪn /ʤɔːʤ ɪz ˈmeɪʤərɪŋ ɪn
TAPESCRIPT ˌɛduˈkeɪʃən/ /hi: wil ɛdjuːˈkeɪʃən/ / hi: wɪl ˈgrædjʊət
græ’dueɪt ɪn ˈkɔ:leʤ nɛkst ɪn ˈkɒlɪʤ nɛkst ʤuːn/
ʤu:n/

WORD STRESS WORD STRESS

STRESS George - George -
WORD BY Is - Is -
WORD Majoring Ooo Majoring Ooo
Education ooOo In -
He - Education ooOo
Will - He -
Graduate Oo Will -
College Oo Graduate Oo
Next - College -
June - Next -
In - June -
George is majoring in education. He will George is majoring in education. He will

INTONATION graduate in college next June. graduate in college next June.

Year after year, millions of people visit New York.

SENTENCE
Young and old enjoy familiar sights.
 PHONETIC
/jɪar ˈæftər jɪar, ˈmɪljənz ʌv /jɪər ˈɑːftə jɪər, ˈmɪljənz ʌv
TAPESCRIPT ˈpi:pɔ:l ˈvɪzi:t nju jɔrk/ /jɔ:ŋ ˈpiːpəl ˈvɪzɪt njuː jɔːk/ /jʌŋ ænd
ænd oʊld ɛnˈʤɔ:ɪ ‘fəmɪljar əʊld ɪnˈʤɔɪ fəˈmɪliə saɪts/
saɪgs/
WORD STRESS WORD STRESS
STRESS Year - Year -
WORD BY After Oo After Oo
WORD Millions Oo Millions Oo
Of - Of -
People Oo People Oo
Visit Oo Visit Oo
New - New -
York - York -
Young - Young -
And - And -
Old - Old -
Enjoy oO Enjoy oO
Familiar Ooo Familiar oOo
Sights - Sights -
Year after year, millions of people visit Year after year, millions of people visit

INTONATION New York. Young and old enjoy familiar New York. Young and old enjoy familiar

sights. sights.

Pick up a pack of ripe apples. Mom will bake

SENTENCE
apple pie for supper.

/pɪk ʌp a pæk ʌv rɪp ˈæpəlz/ /pɪk ʌp ə pæk ʌv raɪp ˈæpəlz/

PHONETIC
TAPESCRIPT /mɑm wɪl beɪk ˈeɪpəl paɪ fɔ:r /mɒm wɪl beɪk ˈæpl paɪ fɔː
ˈsu:per/ ˈsʌpər/

WORD STRESS WORD STRESS

STRESS Pick - Pick -
WORD BY Up - Up -
WORD A - A -
Pack - Pack -
Of - Of -
Ripe - Ripe -
Apples Oo Apples Oo
Mom - Mom -
 Will - Will -
Bake - Bake -
Apple Oo Apple Oo
Pie - Pie -
For - For -
Supper Oo Supper Oo
Pick up a pack of ripe apples. Mom will Pick up a pack of ripe apples. Mom will

INTONATION
bake apple pie for supper. bake apple pie for supper.

Bob built a big boat. He finds lobster and crab

SENTENCE
and cooks them in the cabin below

PHONETIC
/bɑb bɪlt ə bɪg boʊt/ /hi /bɒb bɪlt ə bɪg bəʊt/ /hɪ faɪndz
TAPESCRIPT faɪndz ˈlɑbstər ænd kræb ˈlɒbstər ænd kræb ænd kʊks
ænd kʊks ðɛm ɪn ðə ˈkæbən ðɛm ɪn ðə ˈkæbɪn bɪˈləʊ/
bɪˈloʊ/

WORD STRESS WORD STRESS

STRESS Bob - Bob -
WORD BY Built - Built -
WORD A - A -
Big - Big -
Boat - He -
He - Boat -
Finds - Finds -
Lobster Oo Lobster Oo
And - And -
Crab - Crab -
Cooks - Cooks -
Them - Them -
In - In -
The - The -
Cabin Oo Cabin Oo
Below oO Below oO
Bob built a big boat. He finds lobster and Bob built a big boat. He finds lobster and

INTONATION
crab and cooks them in the cabin below crab and cooks them in the cabin below