Foundation Module

First Professional Year MBBS

6 Weeks
 KMU - Central Curriculum Committee
LIST OF TEAM MEMBERS

Prof.Dr.Fouzia Gul Khyber Medical University

Dean HPER
Dr.Brekhna Jamil, Institute of Health Professions Education &
Coordinator/Assistant Prof Research, KMU
Dr.Ahsan Sethi
Assistant Professor
Dr.Usman Mahboob
Assistant Professor
Dr.Farooq Ahmed Khyber Medical College
Director Medical Education
Dr.Aisha Ayyub KMU Institute of Medical Sciences
Assistant Professor
Dr.Naheed Mahsood Khyber Girls Medical College
Assistant Professor
Dr.Mahrukh Rehman Medical College
Assistant Professor
Dr.Iqbal Wahid Northwest School of Medicine
Assistant Professor
Dr.Danish Ali
Assistant Professor
GENERAL LEARNING OUTCOMES
By the end of this module the students should be able to;

Knowledge
1. Familiarize with the MBBS system based curriculum
2. Recognize the role of different disciplines in studying human body and its
diseases.
3. Describe the structure, function and biochemical composition of cell.
4. Describe the cell division, its types and genetic material along with its
clinical correlation.
5. Describe the basic organization of human body.
6. Explain the maintenance of homeostatic mechanism.
7. Describe the various stages of pre embryonic human development and
correlate them with various malformations.
8. Describe the importance of buffer and PH system.
9. Describe various cellular adaptations during cell growth, differentiation and
cell injury.

Skills
1. Describe the basic laboratory techniques and use of microscope.
2. Follow the basic laboratory protocols.
3. Perform biochemical analysis of carbohydrates.

Attitude
1. Follow the basic laboratory protocols.
2. Participate in class and practical work efficiently.
3. Maintain discipline of the college.
4. Follow the norms of the college properly.
5. Communicate effectively in a team with colleagues and teachers.
6. Demonstrate professionalism and ethical values in dealing with patients,
cadavers, colleagues and teachers.
7. Communicate effectively in a team with colleagues and teachers.
8. Demonstrate the ability to reflect on the performance.
 THEMES FOR FOUNDATION MODULE

SNO Theme Duration

1 Orientation 1 week

2 Cell 1 week

3 Growth & Development of Human Body 2 weeks

4 Human Body tissues, bones & joints 2 weeks

FOUNDATION
MODULE
THEME –I
ORIENTATION
 SNO Topic Learning Outcomes
ANATOMY
Anatomy and its sub  Define anatomy and its branches
1
branches  Describe purpose of study of anatomy and its branches
PHYSIOLOGY
Physiology and its
2  Enumerate the branches of physiology
sub branches
BIOCHEMISTRY
Introduction to
 Define biochemistry
biochemistry and its
3  Discuss the role of biochemistry in medicine.
implication in
medicine
PATHOLOGY
 Define pathology
Introduction to  Enumerate the different branches of pathology in
pathology and its medicine.
4
implication in  Identify different sampling n processing techniques in
medicine different branches of pathology.

PHARMACOLOGY
Introduction to
 Define pharmacology and role of pharmacology in
pharmacology and its
5 medicine.
role in modern
 Define the pharmaco dynamics and pharmacokinetics
medicine
COMMUNITY MEDICINE
Introduction to  Describe Role of community medicine/public health in
6 community Medicine health care system.
and its implication
FORENSIC MEDICINE
Introduction to  Define Forensic Medicine, forensic pathology and
Forensic Medicine and state Medicine.
Toxicology  Identify the Branches of Forensic Medicine.
 Describe the History of Forensic Medicine.
7  Discuss the scope of Forensic Medicine.
 Identify the essential facilities for medico legal
investigation.
 Define Medical Jurisprudence (not included for
assessment in foundation module first year MBBS)
Pakistan Medical &  Describe the structure and functions of Pakistan
8 Dental Council, Medical and Dental Council.
Consent.
MEDICAL EDUCATION
Curriculum structure  Discuss the curriculum and modules.
9 Teaching learning  Describe the use of study guides.(not to be assessed)
strategies  Differentiate between various teaching & learning
 strategies.
 Enlist various assessment tools & assessment policy.
(Not to be assessed).
IT Skills
10 Importance of IT skills  Define IT and its importance
MS word skills  Prepare the assignment on MS word
11 PowerPoint skills  Prepare the presentation on power point
Excel sheet  Use the excel sheet
Library
Literature search and  Literature search skills
12
library resources
FOUNDATION
MODULE
THEME –II
CELL
SNO. Topic Learning Outcomes
ANATOMY
Cell structure and  Describe the cell as a living unit of body
its Organelles  Describe the structure of cell and its organelles.
13
 Describe the structure of cytoplasmic organelles of
the cell & correlate it with their functions.
Nuclear structure
14 & components
Describe the structure of the nucleus, nucleolus &
chromosome and their functions in cell integrity.
Cell division
15 Mitosis
Explain the process of cell division.
 Explain the process of Meiosis
Meiosis  Describe karyotyping.
16  Explain the non-disjunction of chromosomes.
 Correlate the process of non-disjunction with
chromosomal abnormalities
PHYSIOLOGY
 Explain Intra cellular and extra cellular environment.
17 Cell membrane
 Correlate cytoplasmic organelles with their functions.
physiology
 Define homeostasis.
Homeostasis  Describe the Homeostatic mechanism of major
18 functional systems.
 Describe the characteristics of control systems with
examples
 Define membrane potential
Membrane  Describe ionic conc. differences across cell membrane
19 potential  Explain the Nernst equation.
 Explain origin of normal resting membrane potential
Movements of cell  Explain the amoeboid movement of cells.
20
 Describe the ciliary movements
 Explain the role of voltage gated Na+ and K+ channels
Depolarization & in action potentials.
21
Repolarization  Discuss the changes in conductance of Na and K
channels with changes in membrane potentials
BIOCHEMISTRY
Biochemical Explain the Bio-chemical composition of cell organelles
structure of cell and cytoplasm
 Describe the chemical structure of mitochondrial
22 Bio chemical membrane.
structure of Explain the biochemical importance of mitochondrial
Mitochondria membrane.
 Active & passive
 Describe Bio-chemical structure of nuclear
23 transport
membrane and its functions.
mechanism
 Define and explain nucleotides and nucleosides.
RNA & DNA  Describe the components of nucleotides
24  Describe the functions of Nucleotides
 Describe the types of nucleic acids
 Differentiate between RNA and DNA..
Genetics  Describe the process of DNA Replication
25  Describe the process of RNA Replication
 Describe the process of Translation
 Define Buffer and its role in maintenance of body PH
Buffer  Define colloidal state and Henderson Hasselbalch
equation.
 Define adsorption and how it occurs.
26
 Explain ion exchange resin
 Explain movement of material across cell
membrane(osmosis, active transport , passive
transport, diffusion)
Cellular  Explain membrane transport.
membrane  Discuss passive diffusion, active transport, and
27 transport facilitated transport via a channel or carrier.
mechanism  Describe and evaluate the role of ion gradients, co
transporters, and ATP in active transport mechanisms.
PATHOLOGY
 Classify the various causes of cell injury.
Cell injury  Describe the response of a normal cell to stimuli.
28
 Describe the mechanism of cell injury.
 Describe mechanisms of cellular adaptations
PHARMACOLOGY
Routes of
29 administration of  Enlist the routes of administration of a drug.
drugs

TRANSMEMBRANE
DRUG TRANSPORT  Explain how drugs are transported across cell
30
membrane and factors affecting it

Receptor and Enlist the types of drug receptors

cellular basis
31
 LAB WORK
The Microscope  Identify parts of microscope.
 Demonstrate operation of microscope.
32  Describe the method of focusing slide at different
magnifications.
 Follow the specified norms of lab work.
Lab Equipments Introduction to lab techniques
33
Identify the equipments used in lab work
PH and buffer Define normal solution
solutions Define standard solution.
34 Prepare of 0.9% NaCl.
PH of buffers
Measure the PH of given solution (practical).
 FOUNDATION
MODULE
THEME –III
GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT OF
HUMAN BODY
SNO Topic Learning Outcome
Introduction To  Describe the developmental periods.
35 Embryology  Discuss embryologic terminology.
 Explain significance of embryology.
 Describe the process of spermatogenesis.
Spermato-Genesis  Enlist the differences between spermiogenesis
36 and spermatogenesis.
 Describe the morphological changes during
maturation of gametes.
Oogenesis  Describe oogenesis and its correlation with
37 meiosis.
 Compare the male and female gametes.
Transport Of  Discus the transport of gametes.
Gametes  Describe the transport of sperms.
38
 Describe the oocyte transport.
 Explain the maturation of sperms.
Female reproductive  Describe the ovarian cycle.
cycle  Discuss the process of follicular development
39
 Explain the process of ovulation.
 Correlate with the phases of menstrual cycle.
Fertilization –Events  Define fertilization.
 Describe the process of fertilization.
 Explain assisted reproductive technologies like In-
40
vitro fertilization (IVF), assisted IVF and intra
cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI).

Fertilization –Clinical  Discuss the clinical correlation of the fertilization.

Correlates Cleavage  Describe the process of cleavage of zygote.
41 & Blastocyst  Discuss the formation of blastocyst.
Formation  Summarize the events of first week of
development.
Implantation & Its  Discuss the process of implantation.
Abnormalities  Enumerate the sites of implantation.
42
 Discuss clinical correlations of the implantation
process.
Amniotic cavity  Describe the formation of amniotic cavity
 Discuss the development of embryonic disc
43
 Discuss the development of umbilical vesicle.
 Explain the development of Chorionic sac.
 Events Of 2nd Week  Summarize the events of second week of
Of Development development.
44
 Discuss the clinical correlates of the second week
of development.
Events of 3rd Week  Describe the process of gastrulation.
Of Development  Explain the process of Neurulation.
45  Explain the development of somites.
 Discuss the development of intra-embryonic
coelom.
Derivatives of germ Describe briefly derivatives of germ layers
layers  Ectoderm
46
 Mesoderm
 Endoderm
BIOCHEMISTRY
 Define acids, bases, strong acids and weak acids.
 List different types and sources of acids and bases in
Chemistry of Acids
47 our body
and Bases
 Describe the mechanism of their normal balance
and biochemical importance
Importance of surface  Explain surface tension, viscosity, vapor
48 tension and viscosity pressure, normal boiling point and capillary
in our body action
 Explain carbohydrate and its Bio-chemical
structure.
 Classify carbohydrate and give their Bio-chemical
importance.
49
Carbohydrates -I  Relate the structure of polysaccharides with its
clinical importance.
 List the functions of carbohydrates in cell
membrane, energy provision and nutrition supply
to different parts of body.
 Describe the different isomers of
monosaccharides.e.g. Galactose, mannose,
50 Carbohydrates -II fructose, dextrose.
 Describe the role of dextrose in I/V infusion.
 Describe the role of mannitol in cerebral edema.
 Describe the structure of disaccharides and
51 Carbohydrates -III
oligosaccharides.
 Define Enzymes
 Define activation energy
52 Enzymes  Define Gibbs Free energy
 Explain the general structure of enzymes
 Define co-factors
  Explain the function of co-factors
 Enlist different types of co-factors
 Define different parts and forms of enzymes
 Describe the factors involved in structure of
enzymes
 Describe the mechanism of Enzyme activity
 Define catalysis
 Explain different mechanism of catalysis
 Explain the Principals for Nomenclature of
enzymes
 Classification of Enzymes on the basis of functions
 Enlist the factors affecting the activity of
enzymes
 Describe roles of factors affecting enzyme activity
 Define enzyme kinetics
 Explain different areas of enzyme kinetics
 Describe the role of Km in Enzyme kinetics
 Define Isoenzymes (Isozymes)
 Explain Factors affecting the properties of
isozymes
 Explain the role of enzymes as a diagnostic tools
COMMUNITY MEDICINE
Determinants of  Define health
53
health  Enlist Determinants of Health
 Describe Spectrum of Disease
Disease causation  Explain Natural History of Disease
54  Explain Theories of Disease Causation.
 Differentiate between Disease Elimination and
Eradication.
55 Chain of infection  Describe reservoirs of infection & chain of infection
56
 Discuss /describe Levels of Prevention
Levels of prevention
LAB WORK
 Explain the process of sterilization
Sterilization  Enumerate the different methods of sterilization
57
 Observe the process of autoclaving in the laboratory

Oral temperature Demonstrate how to take oral temperature.
58
Capillary Blood  Obtain capillary blood sample for hematological
Sampling investigations through prick method
59  Identify the sites for obtaining blood sample with
different methods and list the indications for their
use.
 Detection of  Define Polysaccharides.
60 Polysaccharides in
a given Solution  Discuss structures and types of Polysaccharides
 Perform Iodine test

Detection of  Define Monosaccharide’s

61 Monosaccharide’s
 Discuss structure and types
 Perform Barfoed’s Test

Detecting of  Define reducing sugars, types.

62 Reducing and non-
reducing Sugars  Discuss structure and types of reducing sugars
 Perform Benedicts test Commented [M1]: To be included in foundation module 1

Detection of  Define Polysaccharides.

63 Polysaccharides in
a given Solution  Discuss structures and types of Polysaccharides
 Perform Iodine test

FOUNDATION
 MODULE
THEME –IV
HUMAN BODY TISSUES, BONES
& JOINTS
SN0 Topic Learning Outcome
ANATOMY
Organization of  Describe the levels of organization of human
64
human body body
 Describe the anatomical terms for planes,
65 Anatomical terms
position and movements
Classification of Describe the structure and function of bone
Bones Classify bones on the basis of length and
66 shape.

Identify the markings on bone

67 Cartilage Describe the anatomical types of cartilages
Introduction to Joints Classify joints on the basis of structure.
68 Describe the mechanism of movements of
joint
Muscles Describe various muscle types along with
69
structure.
Skin / Integumentary
system
Skin (dermis &
70 epidermis) Skin
creases, Nails, Hairs,
Glands (Sebaceous & Discuss the anatomical structures of Skin /
sweat) Integumentary system
Lymphatic system
Lymphatic system
composition (lymph
71
vessels, lymphatic
tissue), Movement of Describe the organization and functions of
lymph lymphatic system
Nervous system
Divisions (central &
peripheral and
somatic &
autonomic), Cranial
72
& spinal nerves, Define the organization of nervous system
Dermatomes &
Myotome Formation
of a spinal nerve, Define the formation of spinal nerve and
Plexus concept/idea of dermatome and myotome
Autonomic Nervous
system Sympathetic. Define the organization of autonomic
73
parasympathetic nervous system
nervous system
 Membranes Describe the structure of membranes of
74 Mucous membranes human body
Serous membranes
HISTOLOGY

Basic Body tissue

Definition of tissue
Epithelial tissue  Define tissue and describe the basic tissues in
75
Connective tissue human body
Muscular tissue
Nervous tissue
Epithelial tissues Classify epithelium and describe their
Classification of general features
epithelium Discuss the specialized functions of different
76 General types of epithelial cells
characteristics and Describe the structure of main types of cell
Functions of junctions
epithelium
 Enlist glandular epithelia
Glandular Epithelium  Classify them on the basis of morphology,
nature of secretion and mode of secretion
77
 Differentiate between exocrine & endocrine
glands on the basis of structure and function.

Epithelial Cell Surface  Describe the surface specialization of

Specialization epithelia
78
 Correlate their structure, with their location
and function
Structure & Function  Describe the structure of basement
79 Of Basement membrane & correlate it with its function.
Membrane
Connective tissue  Define connective tissue.
 Classify connective tissues.
80  Explain the different types of Connective
tissues

PATHOLOGY
 Discuss the Process of necrosis
Necrosis  Explain the process of apoptosis
81
 Differentiate between apoptosis and
necrosis
 Describe events of acute inflammation
82 Inflammation
 Describe chronic inflammation
FORENSIC MEDICINE
  Define death.
83
Death  Describe stages of death.
Describe medico legal importance of stages
of death.
LAB WORK
Describe the process of tissue preparation for
histological examination Perform H & E
84 Tissue Preparation
staining of tissue slides under supervision in
the laboratory
 Demonstrate anatomical terms for planes,
Anatomical terms position and movements.
85
Demonstrate standard anatomical position
and its application.
86 H& E staining Perform H & E staining of tissue slides under
supervision in the laboratory
87 Simple Epithelia Identify and describe simple epithelia under
M/S.
Stratified Epithelia Identify and describe stratified epithelia under
88
M/S.
89 Glands Identify different types of glands under M/S.