MARINE Name : Nasa Dityas Fariz P.

ENGINEERING
STEERING GEAR SYSTEM
NRP : 4215100028

Calculation of Rudder and Steering Gear Power

Calculation basis of planning leaves steering and power requirements for the calculation of the
steering gear can be seen from some of the existing text book. From these foundations, several
agencies including BKI klasifikasi develop rules to set various constraints in determining the
performance of the steering system.

Data of Ship

Nama Kapal : MT Bahari Express

Lpp : 151.85 m
Lwl : 156.4 m
Ldisp : 154.13 m
B : 23.91 m
H : 10.44 m
T : 8.5 m
: 13.6 knot
Vs
: 7.00 m/s
Type of ship : Oil Tanker
Route :

- Recommended size of rudder area (A) from BKI 2014, volume II, section 14 :

1,75  L  T
A  c1  c 2  c3  c 4 
100
where :
c1 = factor for the ship type
c1 = 1 in general
c1 = 0.9 for bulk carrier and tankers having a displacement of more than
50000 t
c1 = 1.7 for tugs and travelers
c2 = favtor for the rudder type
c2 = 1 in general
c2 = 0.9 for semi-spade rudders
c2 = 0.7 for high lift rudders
c3 = factor for rudder profile
c3 = 1 for NACA-profiles and plate rudder
c3 = 0.8 for hollow profile and mixes profiles
c4 = faktor susunan rudder
c4 = 1 for rudders in propeller jet
c4 = 1.5 for rudders outside the propeller jet
 MARINE Name : Nasa Dityas Fariz P.
ENGINEERING
STEERING GEAR SYSTEM
NRP : 4215100028

L = Length of Ship in m
= 156.41 m
 MARINE Name : Nasa Dityas Fariz P.
ENGINEERING
STEERING GEAR SYSTEM
NRP : 4215100028

T = Draft of Ship in m
8.5 m
So the Area of rudder is 20.82 m2

- Rudder Geometry
According to BKI 2014, volume II, section 14 for semi-spade rudders 50 % of the projected area
of the rudder horn may be include into the rudder area A.
1) Calculated portion of rudder area located ahead rudder stock (A')

A'  0,5  A
A = area of rudder
so A' is 10.40781 m2

2) Calculate mean breadth of rudder (c)

A
b
c
A = Area of Rudder m2
= 20.82 m2
b = mean height of rudder m
value of height rudder can be calculated from 0,6-
0,7 T
= 5.4925 m
So, mean height of rudder is 3.78983 m

3) Calculate value x1 and x2

from BKI 2014 volume II section 14 figure 14.1a :
x1  x 2
c
2
c = mean breadth of rudder
= 3.8 m

x1 = breadth of bottom rudder m

x2 = breadth of top rudder m
from formula on above can calculated if x1 + x2 is 7.6 , so x1 and x2 can assum
x1 = 2.1 m
x2 = 4.8 m

- Calculated rudder force and torque

rudder force
C R  132  A  v 2  k1  k 2  k 3  k t 
 MARINE Name : Nasa Dityas Fariz P.
ENGINEERING
STEERING GEAR SYSTEM
NRP : 4215100028

v = ship's speed (knot), define as :

v = v0 for ahead condition
v = va for astern condition
k1 = coefficient depending the aspect ratio Λ
k1 = (Λ+2)/3
where,
b2

At
 MARINE Name : Nasa Dityas Fariz P.
ENGINEERING
STEERING GEAR SYSTEM
NRP : 4215100028

b = mean breadth of rudder

= 5.4925
At = Area of rudder
= 20.82
Λ = 1.449275
So, coefficient k1 is 1.149758

k2 = coefficient depending on the type rudder and rudder profile from table below :

= 1.1 for NACA-00 series Gottingen profiles

k3 = coefficient depending on the location of the rudder
k3 = 0.8 for rudder outside the propeller
k3 = 1 rudder within propeller jet
k3 = 1.15 rudder aft of the propeller nozzle
kt = coefficient depending on the thrust coefficient
kt = 1 for normally

So, Cr is 642.7474 kN

rudder torque (QR)

QR  C R  r
r = lever, define as :
= c.(a-kb) in m

kb = balance factor, define as :

Af
kb  for balanced rudder
A
Af = portion of rudder area located ahead rudder stock
 MARINE Name : Nasa Dityas Fariz P.
ENGINEERING
STEERING GEAR SYSTEM
NRP : 4215100028

= 10.40781
A = area of rudder
= 20.82
kb = 0.5
c = mean breadth of rudder
3.8
a = 0.33 for ahead condition
So r is 0.6442703 m
So rudder torque is 414.10 kNm
 MARINE Name : Nasa Dityas Fariz P.
ENGINEERING
STEERING GEAR SYSTEM
NRP : 4215100028

- Calculated diameter rudder stock

the rudder stock diameter for transmission of the rudder torque is therefore not to be less than
determined by th following formula :
in mm
Dt  4,2  QR  k r
3

QR = Rudder torque
= 414.10 kNm
0 , 75
 235  for ReH > 235
k r   
R
 eH 
235 for ReH < 235
kr 
ReH
material for rudder is alloy 316
ReH = 206 N/mm2
So kr is 1.14
So minimum diameter for rudder stock is 327.104 mm

- Calculated power of the steering gear

QR  2  a  
N rs 
t  180  75
QR = Rudder torque
= 414.10 kNm
a = degree of rudder for rotating
= 35 o
t = time of rudder for rotating
= 28 s
So power steering gear is 240.79 HP
because calculated in above must to apply, so there is efficiency steering gear.
N rs
Nm 
 sg
Nrs = power steering gear
= 240.79 HP
ηsg = efficiency steering gear
= 30%
So Nm is 802.6442 HP
 Name : Nasa Dityas Fariz P.

NRP : 4215100028

s for the calculation of the

hese foundations, several
traints in determining the

acement of more than

Name : Nasa Dityas Fariz P.

NRP : 4215100028

rs 50 % of the projected area

, so x1 and x2 can assumed

 Name : Nasa Dityas Fariz P.

NRP : 4215100028

e from table below :

Name : Nasa Dityas Fariz P.

NRP : 4215100028

herefore not to be less than