A

PROJECT REPORT
ON

“RAILWAY RESERVATION SYSTEM”

Submitted To:

M.D. University, Rohtak (Haryana)

In the partial fulfillment of the requirement

For the Award of the Degree of

M.Sc (Comp. Sc.)

Session: 2018-2019

Under the Supervision of: Submitted By:

Ms. Geetika Manjeet

Asst. Professor, Roll No: 1404720036

Govt. Collage for Girls, Secter 14, Gurugram Class: M.Sc (Comp.Sci)

Govt. Collage for Girls, Sector-14, Gurugram

1
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that Manjeet, roll no. 1404720036 has

worked under my supervision to prepare report on the
“RAILWAY RESERVATION SYSTEM”. The embodied in this
report is original and was conducted at Govt. College for Girls,
Gurugram. I completed all requirement of M.SC (Computer
Science) ordinance.
Ms. Geetika
(Project Guide)

(H.O.D, Dept of Comp.Sci)

(Principal)

2
 DECLARATION
I hereby declare that the project work entitled “RALWAY RESIRVATION
SYSTEM” is an authenticated work carried out by me at Govt. Collage
for Girls, Secter-14 Gurugram for the partial fulfillment of the award of
the degree of M.Sc. (Computer Science).and this work has not been
submitted for similar purpose anywhere else.

Date: Student Name: Manjeet

Place: Enroll. No. 1404720036
Class: M.Sc (comp. sci.)

3
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I would like to express my special thanks of gratitude to my teacher Ms.

Geetika for his valuable guidance. I am also thankful to all the faculty
members of the Comp. Sc. Dept. for their encouragement and help while
collecting information about the project.

Student Name: Manjeet

Enroll No. 1404720036

4
 INDEX

S.No. Topic Page No.

1 Introduction 8

2 System Requirement Specifications 16

3 Feasibility study 20

4 System Analysis 24

Data flow diagrams

5 System Design 38

Input, output, form & database design

Coding

6 Coding 43

7 System Testing 61

8 Implementation 66

9 Conclusion 70

10 Limitations of Proposed System 72

11 Scope 74

12 Bibliography 76

5
6
 CHAPTER – 1
INTRODUCTION:

PROJECT INTRODUCTION:

This is a project based on train reservation. The program helps

us to enter, display or alter the details of different trains.
Moreover & most importantly the program helps us to reserve
or cancel a train ticket. The program also helps us to know the
present status of a reserved ticket, i.e. whether the ticket is
confirmed or not. It includes various function programs to do the
abovementioned tasks.

PURPOSE OF THE DOCUMENTATION:

•Descri be t he use, operati on, maint enance, or design of

soft ware or hardware through the use of manuals, listings,
diagrams, and
• Other hard- or soft-copy written and graphic materials.

• Assi gn responsi biliti es and est ablish authorit y for

business processes and practices.

• Standardize business practices.

• Reduce/eliminate fraud, waste, and abuse.

• Comply with federal, state, and local regulations.

• Comply with customer requirements.

7
• Comply with contractual requirements.

• Train new employees.

PRODUCT FUNCTIONS:

It tells the short note about the product.

TRAIN DETAILS:

Customers may view the train timing at

a d a t e t h e i r n a m e a n d number of tickets. For
Checking Train Details take the Train No or Train Name Form
t he user, and check i t is valid or not. If Not t hen di spl ay
appropriat e message to user else dis play the Trai n No,
Trai n Name, Source, Destinati on, Arrival Time, and Departual
Time.

RESERVATION:

After checking the number of seats available the customers reserve the
tickets.

BILLING:

After reserving the required amount of tickets, the customer paid the
amount.

CANCELLATION:

8
If the customers want to cancel the ticket, then half of the
amount paid by the customer will be refunded to him. For
Canceling Reservation OR Booking, it necessary that before 10days
from journey date passenger can cancel ticket. For Cancel Ticket take
the PNR No from the User/Passenger, check PNR No is valid or
not. If not valid then display appropriate message to user else display
the details of that PNR No and ask sure user want to cancel ticket if yes
then cancel the reservation of that PNR No.

USER PROBLEM STATEMENT:

• Reservations can be done through any Indian Railway Reservation

counter.

• One can also opt for online booking from anywhere.

• In case, the ticket has the both coach and berth number, it is
regarded as “confirmed”.

• In case, AS RAC is written on the ticket, it shows that one can

enter the coach, but will be granted only sitting.

• In case, the ticket is waitlisted, one cannot enter the reserved

coaches.

• Reservations can be cancelled even after the departure of

train. In case of confirmed reservati on, one would recei ve a
ref und of 50% of what has been pai d. Regarding a waitlisted
ticket, one would receive the whole amount on cancellation in advance.

9
• Reservations made for sight-seeing trips or pilgrimages are
permissible in all classes with a condition that the journey starts and
ends at the same station

COUNTER BOOKING:

This is the oldest method of booking the tickets. The reservation

counters are there at railway department from where people
can get the tickets to their respective destinations.
• If you wish to know the route and the timings click on “Show Route”.
If you want to know the availability of seats/berths, click on “Show
Availability”.

• To get the fare, click on “Get Fare button. The fare appearing is for a
single adult Passenger excluding the service charges charged by IRCTC
and by the Bank (Credit Card/Direct Debit).

• To book tickets, click on Book Ticket button.0

• If you wish to select other train, click on “Select Other Train” button

10
 OBJECTIVE

The main idea of developing this project is to simplify the work procedure
of customers and also for swift processing of their working operations.
Following are the few objectives of this system:

1. To provide easy to understand, good management system.

2. Provides very much user friendly input forms, on which most of the
work is done only at the clicks of the mouse.

3. Minimizes the paperwork, which is very time consuming difficult to

maintain.

4. Helps in ‘Optimal utilization’ of various resources

6. Generation of reports as per requirements according to date.

11
INTRODUTION OF C++:
It is an object oriented language that object oriented programming
languages are playing and in seriously important role in the computing
industry important role another computing industry visit the gradual
decline in hardware costs the cost of computer system is largely
dominated by software more powerful tools operating system and
programming languages are evolving to keep up with the pace of
hardware development software for different applications need to be
developed under these environments which is a complex process as a
result the relative cost of software( both development and
maintenance) internet is increasing substantially when compared to the
cost of the hardware of the computing system the software
maintenance is the process of modifying or vending the capabilities of
the existing software it requires mastery over the understanding and
modifying the existing software and finally revalidating the modifying or
extending the capabilities of extending software

The software crisis right from the beginning is providing and impetus
for the development of software engineering principals’, tools and
better programming paradigms to build more reliable and reusable
system the state of the earth solution to overcome software crisis is the
object Oriented paradigm.

12
 BEGNING WITH C++

C++ is an object-oriented programming language. Initially named ‘C with

class. C developed by Bjarne Stroustrup at AT&T bell laboratories in the
early eighties. The features of C++ were a combination of the object
oriented features of a language called simula67 and the elegance of C.
therefore C++ is an extension of C with a major addition of the class
construct features of simula67.

When C++ is a versatile language for handing very large program. It is

suitable for virtually programming task including development of editor,
compilers, database, communication system and complex real-life
application system.

Proposed System :
The proposed system is based on C++ language and would automate the
organization. Time saving and least efforts would be implied and maintain
accuracy.

After making a detailed study of the existing system it is found that

there are many difficulties in handling total procedure manually. So to
reduce human error, save valuable and precious time, and making
optimum use of manpower they decided to go for computerization of
existing system.

13
Limitations of existing system:

 Maintaining all these registers manually is very cumbersome task

and is error prone.

 Staffs usually make errors while posting transaction and maintaining

all these registers.

 MIS generation is difficult on time and on demand

because they have to look for various registers for the purpose,
which is very time consuming and troublesome work.

 Difficult to simultaneously update all the register s and files.

Advantages of proposed system:

 High speed
 Less time consuming
 Less error
 High security

14
 SYSTEM
REQUIREMENT
SPECIFICATION

15
 CHAPTER – 2

SYSTEM REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION

The outlines of system requirement specification are:

INTRODUCTION:
The system Requirements specification document forms the basic for the
design and development of the student data management. The purpose
of document is to be defined all the purpose involved in the function of
student data management.

Information description:
The development of this system assists in the maintenance of the
information and to fulfill the complete software of this package.

Functional description:
A processing narrative is provided for each function design constraints are
stated and justified, performances are stated and diagram is included.

16
SOFTWARE:

Processor : Pentium-2.0 GHZ

RAM : 256 MB

Hard disk capacity : 40.0 GB

Operating System : Windows 10

HARDWARE:
Hardware is a term given to machine itself and to various piece of
equipment. It refers to physical devices of a computer system, thus the
input, storage, processing and control and output devices are hardware

17
Tool(s)/Language(s) to be used:

Front End:
The Graphical Interface (Front End) of the application is prepared by
the usage of C++ Coding for the validation is provided through of the
use of C++.

Back End:
The back end of the application is maintained in Microsoft Access the
Information Source is Management Information System

18
FEASIBILITY
STUDY

19
 CHAPTER – 3
FEASIBILITY STUDY

Feasibility is the determination of whether or not a project is worth doing.

The process followed in making this determination is called feasibility
study. Feasibility Study can be extended too many areas but mainly
concentration is given on technical, social and economical feasibility of
the project.

The objective of a feasibility study is not to solve the problem but

to acquire a sense of its scope. During the study, the definition must be
crystallized and aspects of problem to be included in the system are
determined. The result of the feasibility study is a formal proposal. This is
simply a report formal document detailing the nature and scope if the
following:

 Statement of the problem.

 Summary of findings and recommendations.

 Details of findings.

 Recommendations and conclusions.

20
Technical Feasibility:

As this study concerned with the equipment and software specification

.The technical needs of the system might include

 The facility to produce output in time

 Response time under consideration

 Ability to process a certain volume of transaction at a

particular speed.

 Facility to communicate on distant location.

 The configuration of computer is being used is PIII 1GHz with 64 MB

RAM, 10GB HDD, 1.44MB FDD. The software required for the same
is windows based operating system, Ms-Access, Visual basic 6.0.all
these are available with the Department. Hence, project is
technically feasible.

21
Operational Feasibility:
This application is capable in handling the data of 5000 Customers. Now it
does not mean that after this limit this application will not work, it will
work in the same manner but with some slower speed.

Economical Feasibility:
This application is economical feasible because this does not require to
bring new operators in light. The application can be handled by persons
who even have not worked with system

22
 SYSTEM
ANALYSIS

23
 CHAPTER – 4
SYSTEM ANAIYSIS

System Analysis is defined as the process of dividing system into parts,

identifying each part and establishing relationship b/w the parts. In the
specific context of user system, analysis comprises:

 Taking known facts concerning a system.

 Breaking these into their elements.

 Establishing logical relationship b/w the elements.

Objective:
System analysis is conducted with the following objectives:

 Identification of customer’s needs.

 Evaluation of system concept for feasibility.

 Perform economical analysis.

 Allocate function to H/W, S/W, people, database and other system

elements.

 Establish cost & benefits Constraints.

24
 This system is basically concerned with the reservation and
cancellation of railway tickets to the passengers. The need of this
system arose because as is the known fact that India has the largest
rail way network in the whole of the world and to handle it
manually is quite a tough job. By computerizing it, we will be
able to overcome many of its limitations and will be able to make
it more efficient. The handling of data and records for such a vast
system is a very complex task if done manually but it can be made
much easier if the system is computerized. To be more specific,
our system is limited in such a way that a train starting from a
particular source will have a single destination. The basic
functions being performed by our system are reservation
and cancellation. These functions will be handled with the help
of following sub functions:
 It reserves and cancels seats for the passenger.

 It contains information about the trains.

 It contains information about the passenger.

 It contains the details of reservation fees, any concessions etc.

 It makes entries for reservation, waiting, cancelled tickets.

 It will update for uptime and downtime trains.

 FUNCTIONAL REQUIREMENTS:

 Functional requirement of ticket reservations are:

25
 PRODUCT FUNCTIONS:

 It tells the short note about the product.

 TRAIN DETAILS:

 Customers may view the train timing at a date their name and
number of tickets.

 RESERVATION;

 After checking the number of seats available the customers reserve

the tickets.

26
  BILLING:

 After reserving the required amount of tickets, the customer paid

the amount.

 CANCELLATION:

 If the customers want to cancel the ticket, then half of the amount
paid by the customer will be refunded to him.

DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS:

Data flow diagrams (DFD) are commonly used in problem analysis. DFD
are quite general and are not limited to problem analysis for software
requirement specification. DFD are very useful in understanding a system
and can be effectively used for partitioning during analysis.DFD shows the
flow of data through a system. The system may be an organization, a
manual procedure, a software system or any combination of these. DFD
shows the movement of data through different transformation or process
in the system.

Guidelines while constructing DFD

 In a DFD, data flows are identified by giving unique names. These
names are chosen so that they convey some meaning about what
the data is.
27
  Try drawing alternate data flow graph before settling on one.

 Never try to show control logic.

 Label each arrow with proper data elements. Input and output of
each transforms should be carefully identified

Advantages of DFD:
of DFD
 First they force analyst to communicate their understanding of a
system to end user.

 Second, they require analyst to examine the interface between

systems, subsystems, and rest of the world.

28
Symbols used in DFD:

Data flow

Transform Process

External Sources/ receive

Data store

29
E-R DI AGRAM

30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
SYSTEM
DESIGN

38
 CHAPTER – 5

SYSTEM DESIGN

System design is a transaction form a user oriented document to

document oriented to programmers or database personnel. The analysis
of user requirements will have to be identified to form a basis for
discussion. The definition of a system design is considered to be defining
logical systems, which requires creative thoughts, but it is more of and
extension of analytical process, which had already taken place. The
elegant design achieves its objective with a minimum use of resources.
Resources are always limited, and acceptable design often proves to be a
compromise between a no. of theoretical ideals and resources available.
It requires a full understanding of the problem, this is need of analysis of
requirements for resources.

The acceptable design is likely to be compromise between a numbers of

factors particularly:

 Cost

 Reliability

 Accuracy

39
  Security

 Control

 Integration

 Expansibility

 Availability

 Acceptability

Input design:

The input design shows how user oriented input is converted to a

computer based format.

The goal of designing input data is to make data entry as easy, logical
free from errors as possible. While entering data allocated space for
each field, sequence and the format in which the data is to be entered,
should be known to operator. Input forms are designed so as to
provide an interactive and to use input medium.

Output design:

The objective of output design is to represent the information about

different activities in such a manner that it helps in quick and easy

40
 retrieval of information. It is the most important source of information
to the user. It improves the system’s relationship with the user and
helped in decision-making. A major form of the output is a hard copy
from the printer.

The following points are kept in mind:

 What information is to be processed

 What information is to be presented

 Whether to display or print the information

 How to arrange the information

Following points are considered while designing this project:

 Each report is given a specific name.

 Format is same as specified by the user.

 All fields are label as per naming conventions

 Proper editing is done.

 Field length are as specified by the user

 Flexibility is provided to the user to take reports any time he/she

wishes.

41
Form Design:
It serves as a tool for asking data from the people and giving information
of the system.
For example: booking the ticket

Database Design:
It’s a collection of related fields that acts as a single centralized data bank
for various data processing applications. It is designed and built to serve a
specific purpose as needed by a group of users.
For example: Main Menu is
1. RESERVATION
2. CANCELLATION
3. DISPLAY STATUS
4. EXIT

42
CODING

43
 CHAPTER – 6
CODING

The major activity of the project work is the writing and testing of the
computer programs, which we call the coding phase. The goal of coding or
programming phase is to translate the design of the system produced
during the design phase into code in a given programming language,
which can be executed by the computer, which performs the computation
specified by the design.

Aim of coding phase

 Implement the design in best possible manner.

 Reduce the cost involved in testing and maintenance phase of

software

44
#include<stdio.h>

#include<conio.h>

#include<iostream.h>

class Train

int number; //train number

Int seats_1;//total seats in first class

Int seats_2;// total seats in second class

Int seats_3;//total seats in third class

Public:

Train (int i, int j, int k, int l)

Number = i; seats_1 = j;

seats_2 =k; seats_3 = l;

Int getnum (void)

Return number;

Int getseats_1 (void)

45
{

Return b seats_1 ;}

Int getseats_2 (void)

Return seats_2;

Int getseats_3 (void)

Return seats_3;

};

Class Reservation: public Train

Int bkd_1;// seats reserved in 1st class

Int bkd_2;//seats reserved in 2nd class

Int bkd_3;// seats reserved in 3rd class

Public:

Int i,j, k,l;

Reservation (int i,int j,int k,int l):Train(i,j,k,l)

46
bkd_1=bkd_2=bkd_3=0;

Void book (char type, int num);

Void cancel (char type, int num);

Void disp_status (void);

};

Void Reservation::book (char type, int num)

switch (type)

case'1': bkd_1+=num; //add num to bkd_1

break;

case'2': bkd_2+=num;//add num to bkd_2

break;

case'3': bkd_3+=num;//add num to bkd_3

break;

default: cout<<"wrong class\n";

47
void Reservation :: cancel(char type, int num)

switch(type)

case'1':bkd_1-=num;

break;

case'2':bkd_2-=num;

break;

default:cout<<"wrong class\n";

void Reservation::disp_status(void)

cout<<"\t\t Train number:"<<getnum()<<"\n";

cout<<"Class\tTotal seats\tReseved\tUn reserved\n";

int val;

val=getseats_1();

cout<<"1\t"<<val<<"\t"<<bkd_1<<"\t"<<val-bkd_1<<"\n";

val=getseats_2();

48
cout<<"2\t"<<val<<"\t"<<bkd_2<<"\t"<<val-bkd_2<<"\n";

val=getseats_3();

cout<<"3\t"<<val<<"\t"<<bkd_3<<"\t"<<val-bkd_3<<"\n";

void main()

clrscr();

int num;

cout<<"Enter Train Number:\n";

cin>>num;

cout<<"\n Enter total Number Of seats in 1st class\n";

int s1;

cin>>s1;

cout<<"\n Enter total number of seats in 2nd class\n";

int s2;

cin>>s2;

cout<<"\n Enter total number of seats in 3rd class\n";

49
int s3;

cin>>s3;

Reservation Tr(num,s1,s2,s3);

char cl_type;

int choice,seats;

do

cout<<"\n Main Menu\n";

cout<<"1.Reservation\n";

cout<<"2.Cancellation\n";

cout<<"3.Display Status\n";

cout<<"4.Exit\n";

cout<<"Enter your choice:";

cin>>choice;

cout<<"\n";

switch(choice)

case 1: cout<<"which class?(1/2/3):";

50
cin>>cl_type;

cout<<"\n How many seats?";

cin>>seats;

cout<<"\n";

Tr.book(cl_type,seats);

break;

case 2:cout<<"Which class?(1/2/3):";

cin>>cl_type;

cout<<"\n How many seats?";

cin>>seats;

cout<<"\n";

Tr.cancel(cl_type,seats);

break;

case 3:Tr.disp_status();

break;

case 4:break;

default : cout<<"Wrong choice!!\n";

}; //end of switch

51
}

while(choice>=1&&choice<=3);

getch();

52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
SYSTEM
TESTING

60
 CHAPTER - 7
SYSTEM TESTING

Testing is the process of executing the program(s) with the intention of

finding out errors. During testing, the program to be tested is executed
with a set of test cases and the output of the program for the test case is
evaluated to determine if the program is performing as it is expected to
be.

Levels of testing:

 Unit Testing

 Integration Testing

 System Testing

 Acceptance Testing

These different levels of testing attempt to direct different types pf faults.

The relations of faults introduced in different levels of testing are as
shown below:

61
 Client Testing Acceptance Needs

Requirements System Testing

Design Integration Testing

Unit Testing:
Code Unit Testing`

The first level of testing is called unit testing. In this, different modules are
tested against the specifications produced during design for the modules.
Unit testing is essential forFig:verification of the code produced during the
Levels of Testing
coding phase, and hence the goal is to test the internal logic of the
modules.

62
Integration Testing:

The next level of testing is often called the integration testing. In this,
many tested modules are combined into sub systems, which are then
tested. The goal is to see if the modules can be integrated properly, the
emphasis being on testing interfaces between modules. This testing
activity can be considered as testing design and hence the emphasis on
testing modules interactions.

System Testing:

During system testing, the system is used experimentally to ensure that

the software does not fail i.e. it will run according to its specifications and
in the way users except ,special test data inputs for processing and the
results examined. A limited number of users are allowed to use the
system so analyst can analyze the use in unforeseen ways.

Acceptance Testing:

It is sometimes performed with realistic data of the client to demonstrate

that the software is working properly. Acceptance Testing focuses on the
external behavior of the system. The internal logic of the program is not
emphasized.
63
Testing with live data :

Effective testing is a must for any software as it ensures an error free and
efficient system. The software for “Turbo C++” has been completely
tested by me with actual live data.

64
IMPLEMENTATION

65
 CHAPTER – 8
IMPLEMENTATION

Implementation phase is also called Installation Phase is concerned with

actually installing the system on the clients computer system and then
testing it. Then follows the software maintenance. Maintenance is an
activity that commences after the software is developed and deployed.

The system implementation is done successfully at client side and both

client and me are fully satisfied with the performance of the package.

Back up strategy:

The application is loaded on the PC at client side. Access rights will be

given level wise to see different kind of reports. Backup of the application
can be taken at any time from the application itself to any desired
destination.

66
Responsibility:

Administrator of the application will be responsible for taking daily

backup.

Recovery:

In case of any damage in application/data, following things will be

available:

 Original application software media either on floppy or

CD.

 Backup of data till last day.

 MS- Office CD (already existing)

 Windows 98 boot diskette(already existing)

 Windows 98 operating system CD (already existing)

Whenever the m/c will be shut down, application would automatically

store the current data on C: drive.

67
CONCLUSION

68
 CHAPTER – 9

CONCLUSION

The development of this system has been a great learning and satisfying
experience. It has been a learning experience as it has increased my
knowledge as well as my logical concepts of Visual Basic. It also has
helped me in developing my designing ability of crystal report. It is also
quite satisfying on my part, as I have tried my level best to develop and
design a system, which can be totally of practical use for discovery’s
encyclopedia.

Thus I conclude by saying that although this is my first hand on practical

experience therefore the experience gained while developing it will
certainly going to help me in the field of software development in the
long run.

69
LIMITATIONS
OF
PROPOSED
SYSTEM

70
 CHAPTER – 10

LIMITATIONS OF PROPOSED SYSTEM

 Before installing this software all work was done manually, as a

result of this installation of this project will increase the expectation
of the user, which sometimes cannot be met.

 Breakdown of Hardware, Software or System.

 Business interruptions.

 Misplacement or destruction of data, programs etc.

 Out of date program and system documentations.

 Misappropriations of computers resources.

 Data corruption and decay of storage media

 Sickness and injury to seniors.

71
SCOPE

72
 CHAPTER – 11
SCOPE

This system is basically concerned with the reservation and cancellation

of railway tickets to the passengers. The need of this system arose
because as is the known fact that India has the largest railway network in
the whole of the world and to handle it manually is quite a tough job. By
computerizing it, we will be able to overcome many of its limitations
and will be able to make it more efficient. The handling of data
and records for such a vast system is a very complex task if done
manually but it can be made much easier if the system is computerized.

73
BIBLIOGRAPHY

74
 CHAPTER – 12
BIBLIOGRAPHY

The Bibliography, as a discipline, is traditional the academic study of

books as physical, Cultural Object: in this sense, In this sense, it is also
Know as Bibliography.

appears regularly at set intervals, sometimes as a continuing

publication. Current indexes are compiled according to types of printed
matter, such as books, periodicals, sheet music, and maps.

Book is the Object-oriented programming with C++

And Author is E Balagurusamy
Web site is www.scribd.com

75