LTE Design Standard on

PRACH Root sequence

allocation

Volker Hoehn, VF-TSO-A-DST

Volker Hergarten, VF-DE

1 Presentation title in footer Confidentiality level – C3 08 September 2014

Department on title master Version number on title master
Extended Cell Coverage
Cell ranges, UL timing & corresponding Timing advance
TA=1,2,..1282 Ts = 1 (15000× 2048)

NTA= 16xTA e.g.: TA=1282

NTAxTs = 16xTAx 1/30720000 = 0,667ms Æ Max

30km 70km 100km

15km

Cell Radius

Description:
TCP TSEQ
• According to 3GPP TS 36.211, four types of preamble
Preamble Format TCP TSEQ Cell Access Radius
formats (0, 1, 2, 3) for PRACH are defined to support
0 3168 ⋅ Ts 24576 ⋅ Ts About 15 km
different values of cell access radius 1 21024 ⋅ Ts 24576 ⋅ Ts About 70 km

• For format 0, the supported cell access radius is 2 6240 ⋅ Ts 2 ⋅ 24576 ⋅ Ts About 30 km

about 15 km, For format 3, the supported cell access 3 21024 ⋅ Ts 2 ⋅ 24576 ⋅ Ts About 100 km

radius is about 100 km coverage

Format 0 Æ 15km by default!
Page 2
PRACH Preamble sequence generation

• The preamble consists of two parts:

– Preamble sequence
– Cyclic prefix
• In each cell, there are 64 preamble sequences available
• Preamble sequences are constructed from one or several root Zadoff-
Chu (ZC) sequences, by combining different cyclic shifts of each root
sequence
– Logical root ZC sequence index is broadcasted as part of the System
Information
– There are 838 different root ZC sequences used for random access and each
ZC sequence consists of NZC = 839 samples

TCP TSEQ

3 08 September 2014
Table 5.7.2-1: Random access preamble sequence length.
Preamble format N ZC
0–3 839 Table 5.7.2-2: for preamble
4 139 generation (preamble formats 0-3)
Ncs value From
zeroCorrelationZone TS 36.211.
Config Unrestricted set Restricted set
0 0 15 ÆzeroCorrelationZoneConfig
1 13 18 is signalled by SIB2
2 15 22
3 18 26 Æ Indicates
4 32
Ncs is the Zero Correlations
22
Zone length (cyclic shift)
5 26 38
for
6 32 46
7 38 55 Æ Unrestricted mode:
8 46 68 normal speed
9 59 82 Æ Restricted mode:
10 100 High speed
76
11 93 128
Æ Indicated by the
12 119 158
13 167 202 Æ HighSpeedFlag
14 279 237 signalled by SIB2
15 419 - (speeds beyond 120km/h)

4 Presentation title in footer Confidentiality level – C3 08 September 2014

Department on title master Version number on title master
 Configuration of PRACH by SIB2
Using the
Following parameters

e.g.:

Prach –Config =
rootSequenceIndex = 384

Prach-ConfigInfo=
prach-configIndex= 3
HighSpeedFlag= 0
ZeroCorrelationZoneConfig= 12
Prach – FreqOffset = 2

CellRadius Indicates the radius of the cell. 15,000

5 08 September 2014
{1..100,000}
 Cell range estimation
R= (Tp*Ncs/Nzc – Ds) * Vc /2 - ID/(2*3.3)[km

R: Cell range [m]

Tp: Preamble sequence time window = 800μs
Nzc: Number of RS = 839
NCS: Offset or cyclic shift: accordingly
DS: Delay spread= 6.25μs normal CP, 16,67μs extended CP
ID: Implementation margin delay for delay estimation= 1.2μs
Vc : Speed of the light= 3 * 108 m/s

e.g.: R=[( 800μs* 32/839 – 6.25μs)*3* 105 km/s /2] – ID/(2*3.3)[km]

R= 3.45 km

R=[( 800μs* 119/839 – 6.25μs)*3* 105 km/s /2] – ID/(2*3.3)[km]

R= 15.9 km However, the cyclic shift cannot be configured smaller than

expected cell radius, since that will block random accesses from
the cell edge and may cause drops during handovers.
6 C2-confidential
08 September 2014
 e.g.: VF-DE Cell range distribution_urban areas
# cells cells %
4500 80
4000 70
3500 60
3000 50
2500
40
2000 # cells cells %
1500 30
1000 20
500 10
0 0
15 - 7,36 km 7,35 - 2,732 km < 2,732 km 15 - 7,36 km 7,35 - 2,732 km < 2,732 km

Æ Average cell range: 2,73 km

Æ Cell range: 7,35 km means to allocate 5 Root sequences
Æ 10 % der cell: cell range exceeds 7,35km
e.g.: VF- DE Cell range suburban areas and rural areas
Æ Average Cell range in Suburban area: 7 km
Æ Cells with cell range > 7 km: 44 %

Æ Average Cell range in Rural areas: 10 km

Æ Cell with cell range > 10 km: 60 %
e.g.: Rach false alarm probability according to default allocation
of 10 RS
Æ Maximum upto 4% Æ very good
7 PCI planning C2-confidential
08 September 2014
LTE Design Standard on Uplink Physical Random Access
Access Channel Root Sequence Index planning
Principle & gain
• PRACH preambles created from Root sequences to
get Access to the eNode B by the UE
• 838 RootSequences are available to generate the
PRACH preambles by combined cyclic shifting
• If same root sequences used in neighbouring cells overlap,
the transmitted preamble may be detected in multiple cells
• The false RACH detection alarm probability may be
increased
• RootSequenceIndex (RSI) points to the first root
sequence to be used when generating the set of 64
preamble sequences
• Number of root sequences allocated to a cell depends
on the cyclic shift Ncs linked to the cell range (table)
• RSI planning prevents blocking of UE Random
Access and drops during Handover

Cell range: 15km 10 Root sequences RSIs:10, 20…

rootSeqIndex=30 Re-use factor: 83 rootSeqIndex=90

{30…39} {90…99}
rootSeqIndex=0
{0…9} eNB# 2 rootSeqIndex=60 eNB## 4
{60…69}
eNB#1 rootSeqIndex=50rootSeqIndex=40 rootSeqIndex=110 rootSeqIndex=100
eNB # 3 {110…119} {100…109}
{50…59} {40…49}
rootSeqIndex=20 rootSeqIndex=10 rootSeqIndex=80 rootSeqIndex=70
{20…29} {10…19} {80…89} {70…79}
Volker Hoehn,VF-TSO- Access CC Insert Confidentiality Level on title master 8
Root Sequence (RS) allocation & Root Sequence Index (RSI)
re-use factor
Maximum Number of Total number of Rootsequences(838)
RSI Re-use
Cell range Root sequences -------------------------------------------------
factor:
per cell Root sequences required per cell

Default Number of 838

Cell range: Root sequences Re-use factor: ----- 83 cells
max. 15km per cell: 10 10
Optimised 838
Number of
Adapted to: Re-use factor: ---------- 83 to 838
Root sequences
Max. Cell range 1 to 10 cells
per cell: 1 to10
(see table)
Rural Number of 838
Cell range: Root sequences Re-use factor: ----- 83/38 cells
15km /30km per cell: 10/22 10/22

Maximum 0,8 1,0 1,5 2 2,6 3,5 4,3 5,5 7,5 10 12 15

cell range in km
RS per cell default 1 2 2 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 8 10

High speed scenario is for further elaboration!

9 Insert Confidentiality Level on title master

Default RSI allocation with PRACH RootSequence Grouping
Æ According to the maximum cell size of 15km based on PRACH preamble format=0
Æ 10 root sequences have to be allocated to each cell

Root sequence Root Sequence Index per sector Root sequence Root Sequence Index per sector

Group 0                           1                           2 Group 0                           1                             2
0 5 15 25 14 425 435 445
1 35 45 55 15 455 465 475
2 65 75 85 16 485 495 505
3 95 105 115 17 515 525 535
4 125 135 145 18 545 555 565
5 155 165 175 19 575 585 595
6 185 195 205 20 605 615 625
7 215 225 235 21 635 645 655
8 245 255 265 22 665 675 685
9 275 285 295 23 695 705 715
10 305 315 325 24 725 735 745
11 335 345 355 25 755 765 775
12 365 375 385 26 785 795 805
13 395 405 415 27 815 825 835

Insert Confidentiality Level on title master 10

LTE Design Standard on Uplink Physical Random Access
Channel Root Sequence Index (RSI) planning

Software requirements:
• Tools based allocation with Atoll and AFP
• At least Atoll version 3.2.1 is required
• With Atoll version > 3.2.1 PRACH RSI allocation capabilities by default
• Cell range based allocation will be available with Atoll version 3.3.0
with an additional Makro module

Status in Vodafone:
• The RSI allocation with Atoll has been successfully tested
• The default allocation of 10 Root sequences per cell is done across
the VF-OPCOs
• The false RACH alarm probability went from around 90% before to
maximum 5% after implementing the RSI planning in the VF-DE
Ericsson Region
• Further optimisation is needed by adapting the RSI allocation on the
real maximum cell range in particular in cities with increasing
LTE UE penetration and LTE traffic

Volker Hoehn,VF-TSO- Access CC Insert Confidentiality Level on title master 11

Thank you!