CLOAKING DEVICE

By:- Gourav Kumar Sahoo

For as long as human beings have been writing about fantasy, myth, and science fiction, the dream
of invisibility has always been a top priority. Now, in this modern world the dream has came true
through cloaking devices.

What is a Cloaking Device ?

A cloaking device is one where the purpose of the transformation is to hide something, so that a
defined region of space is invisibly isolated from passing electromagnetic fields or sound waves.
Objects in the defined location are still present, but incident waves are guided around them without
being affected by the object itself.

Science Behind
Cloaking Device....
Under normal circumstances,
when you bombard any material
with light of any wavelength,
the typical behavior is either
absorption or reflection. If the
light is absorbed, then any
background light and signals
will be obscured, alerting you to
its presence. (In other words, the
object won't be transparent.) If
the light is reflected, any signal
you send out will be bounced
back to you, illuminating the object and allowing you to observe it directly. While stealth
technology minimizes reflectivity, a true "cloaking device" would divert the light around an object
from all directions, so that anyone, from any location, would simply see the background signals, as
though the cloaked object weren't there at all. A special, multi-layered coating of a substance known
as a metamaterial has been developed, enabling electromagnetic radiation to pass freely around an
object. This is different from transparency, where light transmits through a material; the structure of
a metamaterial guides light around an object, sending it off unperturbed in the same direction that it
came in.
Bending light and focusing it to a point, regardless of wavelength or where it's incident on your
surface, is one key step towards a true cloaking device. The combination of metalenses and
metamaterials could make this sci-fi dream a reality.
The effect of cloaking is similar to water flowing around a rock and resuming its course, as if the
former obstacle was not there at all.
There’ve been many high tech approaches to cloaking and the basic idea behind these is to take
light and have it pass around something as if it isn’t there, often using high-tech or exotic materials.
Many cloaking designs work fine when you look at an object straight on, but if you move your
viewpoint even a little, the object becomes visible.

Multidirectional `perfect paraxial’ cloak using 4 lenses....

An inexpensive way to carryout cloaking is by using just 4 lenses . In order to both cloak an object
and leave the background undisturbed, we need to determine the lens type and power needed, as
well as the precise distance to separate the four lenses.

This cloaking device bends light and sends it through the center of the device, so the on-axis region
cannot be blocked or cloaked. After preparing the above setup, the only thing we just need to do is
to place an object in between the 3rd and 4th lens from right at the point where all light rays focus.
When we will watch the object through the !st lens from left we won’t be able to see the object.
This is the “Cloaking Effect”.
 We are able to perform the cloaking effect at home by the following ways :-

1. Purchase 2 sets of 2 lenses with different focal lengths f1 and f2 (4 lenses total, 2 with f1 focal
length, and 2 with f2 focal length)
2. Separate the first 2 lenses by the sum of their focal lengths (So f1 lens is the first lens, f2 is the
2nd lens, and they are separated by t1= f1+ f2).
3. Do the same in Step 2 for the other two lenses.
4. Separate the two sets by t2=2 f2 (f1+ f2) / (f1— f2) apart, so that the two f2 lenses are t2 apart.

 I used 50mm achromatic doublets with focal lengths f1 = 200mm and f2 = 75mm.

Try this at home and amaze people.