MEDICAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY

Medical ultrasound is a diagnostic imaging technique based on the

application of ultrasound. It is used to see internal body structures such
as tendons, muscles, joints, vessels and internal organs. Its aim is often to find a
source of a disease or to exclude any pathology. The practice of
examining pregnant women using ultrasound is called obstetric ultrasound, and is
widely used.
Ultrasound is sound waves with frequencies which are higher than those
audible to humans (>20,000 Hz). Ultrasonic images also known as sonograms are
made by sending pulses of ultrasound into tissue using a probe. The
sound echoes off the tissue; with different tissues reflecting varying degrees of
sound. These echoes are recorded and displayed as an image to the operator.

1. KINDS OF USG
a. USG 2D

This type of examination using ultrasound was the first 2-

dimensional or 2d ultrasound. this is a type of ultrasound examination is the
most simple. Called simple because this 2D ultrasound examination only
produce flat-black and white pictures that are only visible from one
side only. Nevertheless, the examination using the 2D ultrasound enough to be
able to see the circumstances of her mother's placenta, amniotic, internal organs of
the baby, the baby's head position, size of the baby, look at the movement of the
baby, and has begun a physical abnormality is detected (such as the size
of the head of a baby).

b. USG 3D

ULTRASOUND or 3D ultrasound. Dimensions owned by this type

of ULTRASOUND is a notch higher than the 2D ultrasound. With the higher
dimensionallevels of course using 3D ultrasound examination can be
more obvious to see a picture of the fetus.
3D ultrasound is able to see the anatomy of the body of the
fetus and detect the level more detailed than 2D ultrasound if there
are abnormalities in the fetus, for example, abnormalities such as cleft lip, a
baby who incurred the umbilical cord, the spinal condition that is abnormal, etc.

c. USG 4D
 ULTRASOUND 4 d have higher dimensions longer than both. Advanced
technologyof ULTRASOUND 4 d is able to give an overview of
results fetal pemeriksaaan which more clearly visible. Not only that, the 4
d ULTRASOUND is also able to see the shape of the body of the fetus (such
as the shape of the nose, hands, fingers, etc.), the movement
of the fetus, fetal blood flow, even up to the facial expressions of the fetus. Very
interesting isn't it? In addition to showing the very detailed description of the
fetus, ultrasound 4 d are also useful to detect further if there
is abnormal fetal condition. 4 d ULTRASOUND examination was rewarded
with a nominal high enoughwhen compared to the other two types
of ULTRASOUND.

2. EQUIPMENT OF USG
1. PULSER

A tool that functions as a voltage generator for stimulating Crystal

on transducer and ultrasonic pulses.

2. TRANSDUCER
Transducer is a device that serves as a transmitter (transmitter) as
well as recevier (receiver).
The function of transducer on the recevier change mechanical energy into
electricity.

3. MATCHING LAYER

Located in front of the Crystal is direct contact with the patient's skin,
which has a value of impedance between the skin and the crystals so that
the sound can be a maximum of ditranmisikan.

4. WIRE

Used as the provider of the sender and receiving energy to be

processed into images.
5. The On/Off Button

Button to enable or disable aircraft ultrasound.

6. Begin With a New Patient

The keys are used to initiate an examination with a new patient

7. MONITOR

Used to view the state of the baby in the womb

8. TOUCH SCREEN DOPLER

Touch screen color doppler ULTRASOUND for pregnancy,

cardiology, urology, small parts.

9. CONTROL PANEL

set the course of the examination by ultrasound. For example, to give a

mark on sonografi, enlarging pictures, measure the length and volume
of pictures and so on.

10. MODULATION
 Serves as a negative voltage rectification which changed to positive,
and the smooting can smooth the voltage has been obtained with
the envelope.

11. CLOSE UP CONTROL

to control the workings of ultrasound

12. GAIN

This function is very similar to the brightness control. The echo signal
is returned tothe body is converted into electronic signals by transducers
Electronic signal must be amplified to generate the image on the
monitor. This strengthening of the signalis called the Gain and will set
the strength of the received echoes.
13. FREZZE

This allows images to be held (frozen) on the screen. While images can then
be taken measurements of frozen and annotation of the organ can be applied
to the imagebefore it is stored.