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Introduction:
Pectin is a type of structural fiber found in the primary cell wall and intracellular layer of plant
cells mainly in fruit such as apples, oranges and lemon. The grade of a pectin is obtained from the ratio
of sugar to pectin in a jelly of standard strength. Jelly grade of pectin is the number of grams of sugar,
which 1 grams of pectin requires to make a jelly of 65° Brix with a pH 3.00 ± 0.05 and other optimum
conditions. Pectin which has been thoroughly mixed with 10 times its weight of sugar will readily go into
solution in hot water, forming a nearly clear solution. Most commercial pectin contain dextrose to
facilitate dispersion in solution. The pectin of commerce are characterized by a high content of
galacturonic acid, and this has become part of the legal definition for pectin used as food additives or for
pharmaceutical purposes. Typical requirement are for a minimum of 65% of galacturonic acid on the ash
and moisture-free substances. Adding pectin when making jam or jelly can shortens or eliminates the
cooking time, resulting in a fresher fruit flavor.
Objective:
Equipment:
Hot plate, analytical balance, top leading balance, pH meter, thermometer, hand-held refractometer,
measuring cylinder (250ml), spoon, glass rod, plastic cup, beaker, and rubber band.
Ingredients:
Procedure:
No sharp edges
Stick to knife
Not firm and not quiver
130 Very tender
Have sharp edges
Less stick to knife
Firm and quiver
140 Less tender
No sharp edges
170 Stick to knife
Not firm and quiver
Too tender
No sharp edges
180 Stick little to knife
Not firm and quiver
Less tender
No sharp edges
190 Stick to knife
Not firm and quiver
Very tender
In this experiment, we need to determine of jelly grade of pectin by making test jellies. We also
need to understand the role of pectin. The grade value of a pectin refers to the weight of sugar that one
unit weight of pectin will gel. We need to make different jelly grade using different weight of pectin
follow the ingredients that was given. After the experiment was done, we need to determine which one
jelly that produce a good quality follow the requirement that was given. There are few requirement of a
good jelly such as the jellies should have sharp edges when cutting, the jellies should not stick to the
knife, the jellies should be firm and quiver when shake and jelly should have optimum tenderness.
From the results, we decided that jelly grade -150 is the best where its follow the requirement
of a good jelly. Jelly grade-150 have sharp edges, not stick to knife when cut, firm and quiver and
optimum tender. We also make a research by reading a few article where is stated that the most
common commercial pectin is 150-grade pectin, meaning that with water, sugar to give 65% solids, and
acid to give the optimum pH, one unit weight of pectin will give a perfect jelly with 150 times that same
weight of sugar. Pectin of 100 grade is also popular.
Most jelly grade have sharp edges except jelly grade-130, 170,180, and 190. Then, jelly grade-
130, 170, 180, 190 and 200 is stick to the knife when we cutting and the rest is not stick. Most the jelly
grade not firm and quiver except for jelly grade-150. Next, for tenderness only some jelly grade was too
tender and a few jelly grade less tender such as jelly grade-180, and 200.
In this experiment, we adding citric acid in the process to gives better control of the pH and
minimizes pre-gelling of the batch and hydrolysis of pectin. Boiling process is one of the most important
steps in jelly making. Its principle purpose is to increase the concentration of the sugar to the point
where gelling will occur. The boiling process should not be prolonged because of the resultant loss of
color to the product. We also need removed coagulated material and should be stirred to insure
thorough mixing and uniform heating.
Conclusions:
In the nutshell, jelly grade -150 is the best where its follow the requirement of a good jelly. Jelly
grade-150 have sharp edges, not stick to knife when cut, firm and quiver and optimum tender. Common
commercial pectin is 150-grade pectin that usually use in making jam in food industry.
Questions:
A method is given for grading pectin, which depends only on the strength adopted for standard
jelly and a value for this strength is suggested based on considerable experience with pectin
jellies.
One unit weight of pectin will give a perfect jelly with 150 times that same weight of sugar, so
sugar concentration is important to the point where gelling will occur. Gel firmness is dependent
upon the jelly pH. Optimum firmness is achieved within definite pH ranges for the particular
pectin utilized.