Rizal Technological University

Mandaluyong, Boni Ave

Settlement of Piles
Written Report in Foundation Design (CE513)

Submitted by:
Alvaran, Laurence
Nuñeza, Clark Dane T.
Ong, Ryan Kirby L.
CEIT-02-901P

Submitted to:
Engr. Nestor Competente
 Settlement of Piles
Vertical Settlement of Piles
• Estimate of the settlement of a pile can be obtained from a theoretical
analysis based on theory of elasticity
• 80% of the total settlement elastic
• 20% of the total settlement consolidation of soil
Total Settlement
𝑆𝑒 = 𝑆𝑒1 + 𝑆𝑒2 + 𝑆𝑒3
where:
Se = total settlement
𝑆𝑒1 = elastic settlement of piles
𝑆𝑒2 = settlement of pile caused by the load at the pile tip
𝑆𝑒3 = settlement of pile caused by the load transmitted along the
pile shaft
1. Elastic Settlement of Piles

(𝑄𝑤𝑝 + 𝜉 𝑄𝑤𝑝 )𝐿
𝑆𝑒1 =
𝐴𝑝 𝐸𝑝
where:

𝑄𝑤𝑝 = load carried at the pile point under working load

condition.
𝑄𝑤𝑠 = load carried by frictional (skin) resistance under working
load condition.
𝐴𝑝 = area of cross section of pile
L = length of pile
𝐸𝑝 = modulus of elasticity of the pile material
 𝝃 = constant value depending of the unit friction
resistance distribution (f) along the pile shaft.
𝝃 = 0.5 𝝃 = 0.5 𝝃 = 0.67

f f
f

2. Settlement of Pile caused by the Load at the Pile Tip

𝑞𝑤𝑝 𝐷
a.) 𝑆𝑒2 = ( 1 − 𝜇𝑠2 )𝐼𝑤𝑝
𝐸𝑠

where:
𝑄𝑤𝑝
𝑞𝑤𝑝 = point load per unit area at the pile point; 𝑞𝑤𝑝 =
𝐴𝑝

𝐸𝑠 = modulus of elasticity of soil at or below the pile point

𝜇𝑠 = Poisson’s ratio of soil
𝐼𝑤𝑝 = influence factor; 0.85
𝛿𝑤𝑝 = load carried at the pile point under working load condition

𝑄𝑤𝑝 𝐶𝑝
b.) 𝑆𝑒2 =
𝐷𝑞𝑝

where:
𝑄𝑤𝑝 = load carried at the pile point under working load condition.
𝑞𝑝 = ultimate point resistance of the pile; 𝑞𝑝 = 𝐶 𝑁𝑐
𝐷 = diameter or width of pile
𝐶𝑝 = an empirical coefficient
 Values of 𝑪𝒑
Type of Soil Driven Pile Bored Pile

Sand (dense to loose) 0.02 – 0.04 0.09 – 0.18

Clay (stiff to soft) 0.02 – 0.03 0.03 – 0.06

Silt (dense to loose) 0.03 – 0.05 0.09 – 0.12

3. Settlement of Pile caused by the Load Transmitted along the Pile Shaft

𝑄𝑤𝑠 𝐷
a.) 𝑆𝑒3 = (1 − 𝜇𝑠2 )𝐼𝑤𝑠
𝑃𝐿𝐸𝑠

where:

𝑄𝑤𝑠 = load carried by frictional (skin) resistance under working

load condition.
P = perimeter of pile
𝐿 = embedded length of pile
𝐿
𝐼𝑤𝑠 = influence factor; 𝐼𝑤𝑠 = 2 + 0.35√
𝐷
𝐶𝑝 = an empirical coefficient
𝜇𝑠 = Poisson’s ratio of soil
𝐸𝑠 = modulus of elasticity of soil
D = diameter or width of pile
𝑄𝑤𝑠 𝐶𝑠
b.) 𝑆𝑒3 =
𝐿𝑞𝑝
where:
𝐿
𝐶𝑠 = empirical coefficient; 𝐶𝑠 = 0.93 + 0.16√ 𝐶𝑝
𝐷

Sample Problem
1. A concrete pile 12m long having a cross section of 0.30m x 0.30m is fully
embedded into a layer of sand C=0. Frictional resistance of pile at working
condition is 240 kN and 100 kN is the point load capacity at working
condition. Allowable working load is 340 kN.
a. Compute for the elastic settlement of the pile.
b. Compute for the settlement cause by the load carried at the pile
point.
c. Compute the settlement of pile caused by the load transmitted along
the pile shaft.
d. Compute the total settlement of the pile.
Solution
a. Elastic Settlement of the Pile
(𝑄𝑤𝑝 +𝜉 𝑄𝑤𝑝 )𝐿 [100+0.60 (240)]12
𝑆𝑒1 = =
𝐴𝑝 𝐸𝑝 (0.30)(0.30)(21 𝑥 106 )

𝑺𝒆𝟏 = 0.00155m or 1.55mm

b. Settlement caused by the load carried at the pile point.

𝑄𝑤𝑝 100
; 𝑞𝑤𝑝 = =
𝐴𝑝 0.30 𝑥 0.30
𝑞𝑤𝑝 = 1111.11 kPa
𝑞𝑤𝑝 𝐷 1111.11 (0.30)
𝑆𝑒2 = ( 1 − 𝜇𝑠2 )𝐼𝑤𝑝 ] = ( 1 − 0.302 )(0.85)
𝐸𝑠 3000
𝑺𝒆𝟐 = 0.00859 m

c. Settlement of pile caused by the load transmitted along the pile shaft.

𝐿 12
; 𝐼𝑤𝑠 = 2 + 0.35√ = 2 + 0.35 √
𝐷 0.30
𝐼𝑤𝑠 = 4.21
𝑄𝑤𝑠 𝐷 240 (0.30)
𝑆𝑒3 = (1 − 𝜇𝑠2 )𝐼𝑤𝑠 = (1 − 0.302 )(4.21)
𝑃𝐿𝐸𝑠 4 (0.3)(30000)(12)
𝑺𝒆𝟑 = 0.00638 m = 0.638 mm
d. Total Settlement of the Pile
𝑆𝑒 = 𝑆𝑒1 + 𝑆𝑒2 + 𝑆𝑒3
𝑆𝑒 = 1.55 + 8.59 + 0.638
𝑺𝒆 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟕𝟕𝟖 𝒎𝒎