A

MINI PROJECT REPORT

ON

MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA

(3.5 GHz)
Submitted by

ANSARI FAHAD BILAL ZAHEERUDDIN [2017420002]

Department of Electronics and Telecommunication

SARDAR PATEL INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(Autonomous Institute Affiliated to Mumbai University)

Theory:

A microstrip antenna (also known as a printed antenna) usually means an antenna fabricated
using microstrip techniques on a printed circuit board (PCB). They are mostly used at microwave
frequencies. An individual microstrip antenna consists of a patch of metal foil of various shapes (a patch
antenna) on the surface of a PCB, with a metal foil ground plane on the other side of the board. Most
microstrip antennas consist of multiple patches in a two-dimensional array. The antenna is usually
connected to the transmitter or receiver through foil microstrip transmission lines. The radio frequency
current is applied (or in receiving antennas the received signal is produced) between the antenna and
ground plane. Microstrip antennas have become very popular in recent decades due to their thin planar
profile which can be incorporated into the surfaces of consumer products, aircraft and missiles; their ease
of fabrication using printed circuit techniques; the ease of integrating the antenna on the same board with
the rest of the circuit, and the possibility of adding active devices such as microwave integrated circuits to
the antenna itself to make active antennas.

The patch antenna, microstrip transmission line and ground plane are made of high conductivity
metal (typically copper). The patch is of length L, width W, and sitting on top of a substrate (some

dielectric circuit board) of thickness h with permittivity . The thickness of the ground plane or of the
microstrip is not critically important. Typically, the height h is much smaller than the wavelength of
operation, but should not be much smaller than 0.025 of a wavelength (1/40th of a wavelength) or the
antenna efficiency will be degraded.

Fig.1. Probe Fed Rectangular Patch Microstrip Antenna

Equations:

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Calculation:-

h=3.2mm

f=3.5 GHz

εr=Roger RT/duroid 5880=2.2

1-W=33.8581mm

2-εeff=1.7812

3-Leff=32.0897mm

4-ΔL=1.2216mm

5-L=29.6465mm
Observation :-

Software Used - ANSYS HFSS 15

Parameters Theoretical Practical

L 29.6465mm 25.45mm
W 33.8581mm 33.8581mm
x 5mm
Substrate εr=2.2 Rogers RT/duroid 5880
Substrate length - 100mm
Substrate Width - 90mm
Substrate Height - 3.2mm

Simulation:

Once the dimensions are obtained the antenna can be simulated on a commercially available HFSS
simulator. And further optimization and fine tuning of dimensions can be carried out to bring the
resonance back at the desired frequency with acceptable return loss.

Findings and Results:

Using the equations mentioned above, a rectangular microstrip patch antenna is designed at a resonant
frequency of 3.5GHz. The length width (W) and length (L) of the patch at a resonant frequency of
3.5GHz is found to be 25.45mm and 33.8581mm respectively. While the feeding offset position is 5mm,
the height of the substrate is 3.2 mm. For feeding the microstrip patch antenna, coaxial probe feeding
method is used having offset feeding position as 5mm. The simulation is carried out in HFSS software.

Fig 2: Rectangular patch Antenna design in HFSS software

Output :-

Name X Y XY Plot 1 HFSSDesign1 ANSOFT

0.00 3.5025 -16.4913
m1 Curve Info
dB(St(Port_T1,Port_T1))
Setup1 : Sw eep
-2.50

-5.00
dB(St(Port_T1,Port_T1))

-7.50

-10.00

-12.50

-15.00
m1

-17.50
2.50 2.75 3.00 3.25 3.50 3.75 4.00
Freq [GHz]

Fig.3. S11 plot

Conclusion:

Hence a microstrip patch antenna is successfully designed at a resonant frequency of 3.5GHz with
reflection coefficient S11=-16.49dB.