CONCRETE TECHNOLOGY

(LAB)
MUHAMMAD IMTIAZ ASHRAF

INTERNATIONAL ISLAMIC UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

 CONCRETE

Lecture # 1

By

Muhammad Imtiaz Ashraf

 CONCRETE

Concrete is a composite material wherein a

binding material mixed in water, on
solidification binds the inert particles of well
graded fine and coarse aggregates
Wet or Green Concrete: Freshly prepared
concrete till it sets
Set Concrete: Concrete that has thoroughly set
and fully hardened
 CONCRETE

Concrete is a composite manmade material that

consists of a mixture of ;

• binding material such as lime or cement

• well graded fine and coarse aggregates

• water

• admixtures (for special properties, etc)

 CONCRETE

In a concrete mix, cement and water form a paste or

matrix which fills the voids of aggregate and binds
them together
 Coarse aggregate acts as a filler.
 Fine aggregate fills up the voids between the paste
and coarse aggregate.
 Cement in conjunction with water acts as a binder.
 Admixtures aid the mobility of the mixture by
regulating the setting environment and time.
 CONCRETE CONSTITUENTS

 Cement

 Aggregates

 Water

 Admixtures
 CEMENT

 Cements in general are adhesive and cohesive

materials which are capable of bonding together

particles of solid matter into compact durable mass.

 For civil engineering, cements containing

compounds of lime as chief constituent to bind the
fine and coarse aggregate particles together.
 AGGREGATES

Inert materials mixed with a binding material

(cement, lime, mud) for preparation of mortar or
concrete.
Depending on the particle size, aggregates are
classified as
 Fine aggregates: size 0.15 mm to 4.75 mm, sand,
crushed stone, ash, surkhi.
 Coarse aggregates: size 4.75 mm to 7.5 cm.
MARGALLA QUARRIES
QUARRIES IN PUNJAB AND KPK

Quarry name in Quarry name in

Province Punjab Province KPK

Chiniot Takial

Margalla Khairabad

Sikhanwali
 FINE AGGREGATE

 Particle size 0.15 mm to 4.75 mm

 Sand – small grains of silica from weathering,
disintegration of rocks
 Pit or quarry sand – sharp and angular grains found as
deposits in soil. Free from organic matter and clay and
is of good quality
 River sand – banks and beds of rivers. Needs washing
to get rid of clay
 Sea sand – fine rounded brown grains at sea beaches.
Contains salts so needs washing
 FINE AGGREGATE

 Crushed stone – waste stone crushed to sand particle

size gives excellent fine aggregate

 Surkhi – well ground, powdered broken brick used

as fine aggregate in lime mortar.

LAWRENCEPUR SAND DEPOSITS
 COARSE AGGREGATE

 Size from 4.75 mm to 7.5 mm

 Stone ballast – quarried granite, sandstone and
limestone broken and sieved to required size.
Should be free from organic matter. Stone should
not be soft, laminated. Excess clay washed off.
 Gravel or shingle – obtained from river beds,
quarries or sea shores. Hard and durable. Clay and
salts should be washed off.
COARSE AGGREGATE
COARSE AGGREGATE (PEBBLES & SHINGLES)
 AGGREGATES IN CONCRETE

 In Portland cement concrete, 60-75% of volume and

79-85% of the weight is made up of aggregates.

 Aggregates have greater volume stability than

cement paste.

 Therefore, maximizing the amount of aggregate, to

a certain extent, improves the quality and economy

of the mix.
 AGGREGATE PROPERTIES

 Aggregates properties are defined by characteristics

of both the individual particles and the

characteristics of the combined material.

 These properties can be described by their physical,

chemical and mechanical characteristics

 WATER

• Minimum quantity of water required for hydration

of cement
• Water in excess required to act lubricant between
aggregates to produce workable and economical
concrete
• Lesser water makes it difficult to work with
concrete and non-uniform mixing makes it weaker
in strength
• Water also required for curing and aggregate
washing
 ADMIXTURES

 Accelerate or retard the initial setting

 Increase the strength
 Improve workability, penetration and pumpability
 Increase durability
 Control expansion caused by reaction
 Decrease capillary flow of water to make it
impermeable
 Reduce segregation
 Inhibit corrosion, increase resistance to chemical attack
THE END