1
2006 IEEE PES Transmission and Distribution Conference and Exposition Latin America, Venezuela
Evolution of Control and Supervision Systems
of Regional Transmission of CVG EDELCA’s
Substations
H. M. Salazar, and L. A. Paredes.
of the modernization process of control and supervision systems
of the Regional Transmission Substations of 400 kV of CVG
EDELCA, from the application of conventional control and
supervision systems (remote terminal units) to the application of
numerical control systems; comparing the most important
aspects from the point of view of operation and maintenance.
Index Term-- Control – Conventional – Numerical – Remote -
Substation – Supervision – System – Transmission.
I. INTRODUCTION
T HE Regional Transmission Division is in charge of the
operation and maintenance of C.V.G. EDELCA’s
Substations in its regional area (Guayana Region), including
the Distribution Yards of its three Hydro electrical Plants:
Guri, Macagua y Caruachi, and important substations with
voltage levels of 400,230 and 115 kV.
The control and supervision systems located in the different
C.V.G. EDELCA’s substations, allow the acquisition of data
that feed EDELCA’s Central Control System (Sistema Centro
de Control EDELCA.SCCE), so that operations personnel can
perform a permanent supervision of the power system of the
company. Likewise, the opening and closing commands of
equipment handled in the different substations whenever
necessary.
The Regional Transmission Substations with voltage levels
of 400 kV are Guri “A”, Guri “B”, Macagua II, Guayana “B”,
Palital and Caruachi. The control and supervision systems
installed in these substations are conventional in some cases,
and have numerical control in others.
C.V.G EDELCA’s goal is to give a service of electric
energy supply with quality, safe and trustworthy, and it
therefore carries out a continuous modernization process of
the conventional control and supervision systems as well as
H.M. Salazar is with the Department of Regional Transmission’s
Protection, Supervision and Control, at CVG EDELCA, Guayana City,
Venezuela (e-mail: hisalazar@edelca.com.ve).
L.A. Paredes is with the Department of Regional Transmission’s
Protection, Supervision and Control, at CVG EDELCA, Guayana City,
Venezuela (e-mail: luisparedes@edelca.com.ve).
1-4244-0288-3/06/$20.00 ©2006 IEEE
functional improvements of the numerical control systems in
the Regional Transmission substations to 400 kV.
This work shows the most important characteristics of this
modernization process, among which there are: hardware,
software, integration of functions, reduction of the amount of
communications protocols, and enabling communication with
two or more distant control centers simultaneously, facilitating
maintenance and offering continuous operation.
II. DESCRIPTION OF CONTROL AND SUPERVISION SYSTEMS
APPLIED IN REGIONAL TRANSMISSION SUBSTATIONS TO 400
KV.
C.V.G. EDELCA’s division of Regional Transmission
within its energy transportation process has control and
supervision systems (CSS) in all its substations, which allows
it to optimize this process. The systems implemented in the
oldest substations are conventional CSS ones, whilst the
substations most recently built have numerical technology
CSS ones.
A. Conventional Control and Supervision Systems.
Guri “A”, Guri “B”, Guayana “B” and Macagua II
substations, are the ones with 400 kV levels that have
conventional CSS, based in remote terminal units (RTU).
1) Remote Terminal Units with obsolete technology.
The RTUs installed in Guri “A”, Guri “B”, Guayana “B”
and Macagua II substations, during the installation of its
control and supervision systems, have functions that allow to
supervise the analogical values of the different circuits, the
supervision of the position and alarms of the power equipment
(circuit breakers, disconnectors, transforming) and to exert
their control, thus carrying out the requirements and technical
specifications of the moment, according to the needs of CVG
EDELCA’s Power System, and based on the market’s leading
technology offered at more ago than twenty years (Integrated
Circuits TTL, CMOS, Microprocessor INTEL8088 among
others). These UTR are mark TRW model ALERT and marks
to SYSTEM NORTHWEST (SNW) S8000 model, of which
UTR SNW; it is the used model more. The SNW RTU is
formed by a central processor, with capacity of processing of 8
bits, a power supply that provides all DC voltage levels that
the cards need; a MODEM that allows communication with a
remote control center via microwaves at 1200bps; a maximum
of 16 cards with 8 analogical entries each, an
 2

analogical/digital converter that processes all signals coming
from the analogical modules, a maximum of 30 cards with 10
digital entries, and a maximum of 16 cards with 10 control
output.
The structure of the RTUs with obsolete technology is
made up by the union of several card files of 19” wide with a
capacity of 16 cards each. The main card file holds the power
supply, the processor, the MODEM, the digital analogical
converter, and the first analogical cards; the rest of the cards
are placed in secondary card files. The physical
communication among all the cards takes place through flat
cables that allow their connection to the bus of the central
processor. In Fig 1 there is a general scheme of these remote
terminal units.
SCCE
Via General Diagram RTU SNW.
microwaves
DIGITALS 10 Digital Entries
MODEM (30 cards maximum ) by card
communication protocol, 32 bits processing capacity, multiple
serial canals, data base storage in RAM Non-volatile memory,
allowing the configuration of data base through a computer,
and has advanced diagnostic capacity, using the maintenance
port RS232 at 9600 bps called WESMAINT.
The Remote Terminal Unit WESDAC D20, is made up of a
D20M++/ME processor, with a microprocessor of
16MHz/40MHz (MC68020/ MC68030), a MODEM for each
Control Center link, a commuted power supply for the
processor and the peripherals, and allows the use of
complementary power supplies if necessary. These RTUs can
have up to 120 peripherals, that have 8 bits microprocessors
and a maintenance port at 9600 bps called PROMAINT. The
four types of peripherals chosen to be implemented in the CSS
of Regional Transmission are: D20S status modules with 64
entries, D20A analogical modules with 32 DC entries, D20K
control modules with 32 output and D20AC that have 6
S alternating current entries and 6 alternating voltage entries, for
U
B the complete supervision of two (2) three-phase circuits by
S

A/D ANALOGICAL
8 Analogical T module without requiring of external transducers AC/DC. In
PROCESSOR Entries A
CONVERTER (16 cards maximum ) by card T Fig. 2, the scheme of configuration of the RTU WESDAC
I

Power CONTROL 10 Control Outputs

O D20 can be observed
N
Supply (16 cards maximum ) by card

WESDAC D20 RTU CONFIGURATION.

Fig. 1. General Diagram SNW Remote Terminal Unit
Master Expansion 64 Status Entries
Station D20S Status
Bus VME by D20S
Taking into consideration the amount of service time that WESDAC
PROMAINT
WESDAC
these equipments have had, the frequency of interventions due D20 Modem D20M++ D20A 32 Analogical
to failures caused by external conditions and the wear and tear DC Analogical Entries by D20A
Maintenance
of the components, mainly in the power supply, that has Port
PROMAINT
(WESMAINT)
increased progressively, due to this the spare parts available in D20K Control
32 Control
Outputs by D20K
stock have run out. On the other hand, these equipments have AC/DC Power Supply
Entries Wesdac D20 PROMAINT
disappeared from the market, making it impossible to obtain 6 Current
D20AC
any spare parts, in addition to which in some cases its Supply Bus AC Analogical Entries/
6 Voltage Entries
maximum capacity of supervision by design has been reached. 20-60VDC Maintenance Port
(PROMAINT)
by D20AC
The repair of the cards that form these RTUs is an option that D.20 Link 250 Kbps
HDLC RS485
has been carried out from the start in CVG EDELCA; but as
time wears on, taking into consideration the amount of repairs Fig. 2. WESDAC D20 RTU Configuration
that have been performed, the trust in these cards has
diminished. Communication among peripherals and D20M++/ME takes
In view of this situation and together with the technological place through 2 HDLC links at 250Kbps, which use the
progress that is being offered by the market in this area, a standard RS485 media. Peripherals have two parts: the
modernization process of the CSS has been initiated, WESDAC that takes care of the acquisition of data and
according to the needs of CVG EDELCA’s Power System, control, and the WESTERM where the terminals are. These
such as: increasing the supervision of digital and analogical two parts form kit.
points, exert control over a greater number of power The module WESDAC D20M++/ME acts like a central
equipment, among others. processor and like data concentrator, since it collects all the
In 2005, the obtaining of new remote terminal units with incoming information from the peripherals, it executes the
leading technology for Regional Transmission Substations processing of this information, does the addressing of the
with conventional CSS was materialized. The equipment equipment and the control of the system. It has seven
provided corresponds to WESDAC D20 remote terminal unit, programmable ports RS232 to communicate with external
made by General Electric Energy Services (GE ES) company equipment, including master stations and/or peripherals made
and provided by its representative in Venezuela, the company by other companies, and moreover there is an eighth serial
TELETROL, S.A. interface reserved as a maintenance port.
2) Remote Terminal Unit WESDAC D20. Through the maintenance port the user can access to the
The WESDAC D20 Systems have a distributive processing resident maintenance program in the D20M++/ME, in order to
philosophy, high speed communication link, Bytes oriented visualize the data, monitor the communications in real time,

have the tools detection of problems, among others. From the
D20M++/ME maintenance port, called WESMAINT it’s
possible to access all the RTU, while the maintenance port of
the peripheral PROMAINT allows the same functions at each
corresponding peripheral.
The configuration program "Config Pro" allows to define
the UTR (hardware, communications, applications, type and
amount of information), to capture and send configurations,
compile configurations and generate the documentation of the
system.
3) Observations of the modernization process of the
conventional CSS.
Doubtlessly the WESDAC D20 remote terminal units that
are installed in the Regional Transmission substations with
conventional control and supervision systems represent a
significant technological leap in comparison with the RTUs
that are being replaced. Among the more important
differences there are:
1) The RTUs with obsolete technology have Bits oriented
communication protocols, such as the TRW9550 used by
RTU ALERT and the GETAC used by RTU SNW; whilst
the D20M++/ME has Bytes oriented communication
protocol represented by the DNP3.0. In addition, if in the
future some change or implementation of another
communication protocol is required, only the
corresponding application of these RTUs will have to be
acquired from the manufacturer and included it in the
Firmware of these equipments.
2) The RTUs that are being replaced have limitations of
digital, analogical and control points based on the
maximum number of cards of each type per UTR. Whilst
the WESDAC D20 system has as a limitation for its
configuration that the maximum number of peripherals is
120; and the amount of points of each type will be
proportional to the number of modules of each type that
are formed, which represents a significant flexibility.
3) The configuration of the RTUs with obsolete technology
takes place through micro circuit breakers in each one of
the cards; whilst the WESDAC D20 has a configuration
program where all the characteristics and the data base of
each RTU is defined, which adds flexibility for its
configuration.
4) The supervision of the analogical signals in the RTUs that
are being replaced is made through transducers. With the
peripheral WESDAC D20AC, it is not necessary to use
transducers; because these modules accept the values of
voltage and current to the secondary level of the output of
the transforming of voltage and current, allowing the
elimination of obsolete transducers as well as a possible
point of fault.
During the implementation of remote terminal units
WESDAC D20 in the Regional Transmission CSS some
benefits that these remotes can offer, were observed
enumerated as follows:
1) The heart of these RTUs is the D20M++/ME, which
allows the simultaneous communication with more than
one a Remote Control Center. This quality of the
3
WESDAC D20 System will be used in Guayana "B"
Substation, where there is a Local Control Center in
addition to the connection required with the SCCE.
2) Its open architecture allows to add modules when and
where they are required, and to provide parallel,
distributed and real time processing, increasing the
flexibility of the configuration.
3) The maintenance is simplified thanks to the modular
design of the peripheral ones. All the peripheral ones
have frontal access, where there are terminals that receive
yard signals and the LED's of indication of these signals.
4) In case of the failure of a peripheral, it can simply be
substituted by a spare part and the processor
D20M++/ME will recognize and will configure it
automatically so that it will operate normally.
The substitution process of the RTUs in the Regional
Transmission substations is carried out since 2005; beginning
with Macagua II Substation RTU and it is expected finish in
2007.
B. Numeric Control System (NCS).
The Palital 400/115 kV and Caruachi 400 kV substations,
integrate the group of substations in which the Division of
Regional Transmission of CVG EDELCA has projected and
implemented NCSs, taking advantage of the technological
advances and the benefits that these systems offer; thus
covering the current needs of the clients to obtain more
volume of information, the means of performing operations in
different levels of supervision and obtaining a constant
availability of the systems that they supervise.
The NCSs installed in these substations were made by Asea
Brown Boveri (ABB), who together with CVG EDELCA’s
personnel made the installation, tests and put into service of
these systems.
1) Control and Supervisión System of Palital 400/115 kV
Substation.
Palital Substation is formed this way: (1) a maneuvers
switchyard of 400 kV having double scheme busbars with four
(4) bays of a circuit breakers and a half, two arrival lines from
Guri “A” and Guayana “B” Substations, two exit lines towards
the Furrial Substation of CVG EDELCA and two exit lines
towards Autotransformadores (AT) of 400/115 kV; A (1)
switchyards of 115 kV, arranged in scheme of double game of
bars and shaped by six (6) cells distributed the following way:
two (2) cells for the arrival of lines from the AT of 400/115
kV of the switchyards of 400 kV, one (1) coupler of bars, and
three (3) exit lines, two (2) towards the Cerro Negro
Substation 115/34,5kV of C.V.G. EDELCA and one (1)
towards the Woods Industries located in the same area.
In Palital 400/115 kV Substation, is implemented a system
based on the SPIDER™ MicroSCADA™ V8.2.2 of ABB, its
configuration is in Fig. 3. This system is composed as
follows:
1) Level of control and supervision (SCS) integrated by two
industrial computers, in which the different applications
that compose the MicroSCADA system are found.
MicroSCADA is a programmable and distributed system
of supervision, control and data acquisition (SCADA)
based on microcomputers. These computers are called
 4

Bases Systems and are these who offer the human

machine interface (HMI) and the function of protocol SCCE
converter (GATEWAY), for communication between the
substation and the SCCE. As user interface, it allows the
operator to have at any moment complete information of SCS
the state of the substation. On the other hand, the Bases HMI
Systems operate in a Hot-Stanby way; for which they GATEWAY

have, each one of them, a supervision system that is in

DNP 3.0
charge of verifying its operation and setting the standards RP571
Protocol PROTOCOL
to indicate which system must be active. The computers Protocols
COM581_1 COM581_2
are connected to each other through a network LAN, to Converters

which some peripherals such as printers of events and Star Couplers

(Inter Bays Bus
miscellaneous are also connected. MVB (IEC1375) Administrators)
Protocol
2) The second level, is where the internal communications of RER581_1 RER581_2

the system is handled, it’s shaped by two converters of

protocols or communicators COM581 and two star
couplers RER581 of ABB. In Fig. 3, it is possible to see
that the Base Systems are connected to the COM581_1 Main M
P P
M M
P
and COM581_2; they are in charge of turning from the
MVB (IEC1375) protocol, used by the numerical relays to Secondary S S S

yard level, to the protocol RP571 for the communication

with the Base Systems. The configuration of the
Substation is divided in two switchyards; by means of
every COM581 the relays of every switchyard
communicate towards the Base Systems; that is through
the COM581_1 the relays of the switchyard of 400 kV
communicate with the Base Systems and by the
COM581_2 the relays of the switchyard of 115 kV. The
process of communication is carried out through the stars
couplers RER581_1 and RER581_2 in the same order.
The stars couplers fulfill the function of "Interbays bus
administrators", with which the control relays can
interchange information such as the indication of position
of circuit breakers and disconnectors, used for the
interlocking functions and double operation interlock
among bays; to these stars couplers all the equipment of
supervision, control and protection installed in the circuit
breakers yard are connected, such as: the control relays
REC580, protections relays of line REL316*4, protection
relays of busbars REB500, voltage regulation equipment
of AT’s MK30, among others.
3) And the third level formed by the numerical relays of data
acquisition and control, lines and busbars protection
relays, AT's protections and lines teleprotections. Since
the circuit breakers yard of 400 kV has a configuration of
bays to a circuit breakers and a half, every bay is
supervised and controlled by a numerical relay REC580
of ABB, and has another equal relay as a support (not to
100 % of signs), that is activated at the moment when
some functional failure takes place (is produced), whether
of software or hardware, in the main equipment. On the
other hand, the 115 kV switchyard has a configuration of
cells; each one of them is supervised by a relay REC580
without secondary unit of support.
Numerical Control and Protection Reles
YARD
Fig. 3. Configuration of the Numeric Control System of the Palital 400/115
kV Substation.
REC580 relays installed in this Substation integrate a
variety of functions such as: User interface, with capacity to
effect operations in local way, visualization of single-line
diagram of the bay, visualization of alarms and events lists,
and visualization of measurements pages; synchrocheck
functions, interlocking functions and logics of selection of
voltage for energization functions and verification of
synchronism.
With the application of this type of system, the maintenance
activities have been reduced in frequency (once a year) and
amount of equipment as far as functions of control are
concerned; measurements equipments such as transducers,
verifiers of synchronism and equipment of electromechanical
interlocks, have been included in algorithms and logical
functions inside the same software of numerical control
systems.
In this system some deficiencies have been detected
through time, which has served as experience at the time of
making the engineering specifications for new designs of
systems of this type. An example of these deficiencies,
appears in the switchyard of 115 kV of Palital Substation,
because the control relays do not count with other support,
when a failure happens or a REC580 is down for maintenance
reasons; the REC580 that supervises the cells of busbars
coupler it blocks automatically, since it does not receive
information on the position of the equipment associated to the
feeder that is in maintenance, therefore operations personnel
cannot make any maneuver that involves a change of bar in
the switchyard of 115 kV during the time interval in which
 5

maintenance is being made or the equipment is inoperative supervisory level and remote centers, since it does
due to a failure. not has a local HMI.
2) Control and Supervisión System of Caruachi 400 kV
Substation.
The Caruachi 400 kV Substation, is arranged in scheme of SCCE SCCC
double busbars by six (6) bays of a circuit breakers and a half,
six (6) arrival lines from the Caruachi Hydroelectric Power
Plant, two (2) transmission lines towards the Guri "B"
Substation, a transmission line towards the Guayana "B" SCS
Substation and one (1) towards the Macagua II Substation. ENG INEER ING
CONP UTER
This substation was constructed in 2004. HM I GATEW AY

In this Substation, was implemented a system based on the

MicroSCADA™ V8.4.3 of ABB, see its configuration in Fig.
4. This system is made up of:
1) Level of supervision and control (SCS) integrated by
three (3) industrial computers: (1) a Engineering DNP 3.0 Protocol
computer for maintenance to the supervisory system,
(1) a human interface machine or user computer LON RER1 11 RER111 Star
Protocol
(HMI), which allows the operator to have at any Couplers

moment a complete information of the state of the

Substation; and (1) a communications computer
(GATEWAY), for communication between the
substation and the remote control centers that Start
RER111
Coupler
Coupler ……… . 6
Start
RER111
Coupler
Coupler
supervise it, which are the SCCE and the System 1
LON
Protocol
Center of Control Caruachi (SCCC) located in the
Caruachi Hydroelectric Power Plant. These
equipments are located in the auxiliary services Main P P P
building of the substation.
2) The second level is integrated by the stars couplers Secundary S S
S S

RER111, arranged so that there are two (2) principal

ones located in the auxiliary services building and
two (2) in every data acquisition building (CAD),
which fulfills the function of multiplexing the
communications with the different equipments or
numerical relays installed in the bays, which
communicate directly across the protocol of
communication LON.
3) The third level is formed by the numerical relays of
control and protections. In this level the control
relays are arranged one by cells; that is each bay has
three relays of main control type REC580 Version
3.0 (superior to the one installed in the Palital
substation). In this case the support system designed
for these equipments, includes the use of the
numerical relays REC316*4, which have more basic
characteristics as far as the amount of binary inputs
and outputs. For the endorsement two (2)
REC316*4, one is used (1) to endorse the REC580 of
the cell C (cell that connects with bar II), and one (1)
to endorse the REC580 of the cells A and B (cell that
connects towards bar I and the middle cell); the last
one activates at the time of failure some of the
REC580, without affecting the operation of the other.
The endorsement system only supervises the position
of associated power equipment to the cell, except the
earthing disconnector, and the alarms of the
associated circuit breaker, for capacity reasons. On
the other hand, The REC316 only allows the
operation on the power equipment from the
Numerical Control and Protection Reles
Yard
Fig. 4. Configuration of the Numeric Control System of Caruachi 400 kV
Substation.
3) Improvements observed in the NCS of Caruachi 400 kV
Substation.
In the NCS of Caruachi 400 kV substation the
configuration of the supervisory level is the Stand-alone type,
since the HMI and the GATEWAY are in different computers,
unlike the system installed in the Palital 400/115 kV
substation. This NSC use only a communication protocol
(LON bus) and optical fiber between the numerical relays and
the computers of the SCS, which avoid the use of additional
equipment for functions of conversion of protocols,
diminishing therefore the maintenance activities.
In Caruachi 400 kV substation exist three (3) CAD and one
auxiliary services building; in each CAD the data of two (2)
bays are concentrated. Since this characteristic of the
substation, the system of communications was designed so
that each bay is connected to a (1) RER111 with the
particularity of its endorsement equipment is connected to the
other bay RER111; that is the main equipment connected in a
RER111 and endorsement equipment are crossed towards the
other RER111 of the CAD, which provides a greater
availability of the system before a simple contingency. The

communication among the main RER111s and the located in
each CAD is redundant and in addition is supervised the state
of all the optical fibers that connect them, which adds reliable
for its system.
As far as the supervision of each cells, the disposition of
the control and supervision equipment, allows the continuous
operation, since when a equipment is down only is affected the
cell at issue, this allows operations personnel to maintain one
complete supervision and control of the substation, during
activities maintenance.
In the supervisory level for the communication with the
remote centers, the GATEWAY uses two redundant lines of
communications which are activated manually by means of
the software of handling of communication ports. The
engineering computer allows doing maintenance activities
without affecting the operation of HMI and GATEWAY
computers, offering a continuous operation in this level.
It is possible to be said then that this system has been
optimized with respect to the system implemented in the
Palital 115 kV substation, due to its advantages as far as the
availability of the complete system during maintenance
activities, endorsement system detached at individual levels so
that a complete bay when failure an equipment or when an
equipment is down for maintenance is not affected. For this
system the function of voltage selection is made in a logic of
external relays to the control relay and the interlocks among
bays are made sending the information by means of wiring
among the bays.
The software of the REC580 installed in Caruachi 400 kV
substation is more advanced that the software installed in the
Palital 115 kV substation, which allows configuring Caruachi
REC580 faster than REC580 Palital. On the other hand the
hardware used in the new version of the REC580, contains
elements "Plug and Play" that facilitates the replacement of
modules, since it is not needed to make no configuration and
therefore the replacement times diminish remarkably.
III. CONCLUSIONS
During the description of the modernization process of the
CSS implemented in the 400 kV Substations of CVG
EDELCA’s division of Regional Transmission, the most
important observations of the process of modernization of the
conventional CSS and the technological improvements
observed in the NCS installed more recently were enumerated.
Nevertheless some general conclusions appear next:
1) The WESDAC D20 UTR allows the simultaneous
communication with more of a Remote Control Center
through DNP 3.0 protocol, like the NCS.
2) The modernization of the CSS with modular designs,
integration of functions and more flexible systems, reduces the
maintenance activities.
3) The NCS represent a technological advance for the
electrical substations automation, but the complexity of the
configuration of the equipment, makes a more specialized
training and very specific knowledge necessary to intervene
this type of systems when they fail.
4) Given the CSS diversity that offers the market and the
6
different CSS implemented in the company, is propitious to
initiate a process of standardization of the design of the CSS
for the company Substations.
5) The costs of installation and maintenance of the NCS are
more elevated to CSS conventional, as regards it is important
to evaluate the advantages of a system with respect to the
other and the operation conditions of a substation at the time
of making the automation of the same one.
IV. REFERENCES
[1] TRW CONTROLS. “Thenical Description ALERT RTU”. January
1979.
[2] SYSTEMS NORTHWEST INC. “Theory of operation SNW RTU”.
November 1981.
[3] Telecommunication, Electronic y controls “TELETROL”, C.A. “Curso
de Operación, Configuración y Mantenimiento GE HARRIS D20”.
March 2003.
[4] Telecommunication, Electronic y controls “TELETROL”, C.A.
“Suministro de diez (10) Unidades Terminales Remotas de Telecontrol y
sus repuestos para las Subestaciones del Sistema de Transmisión
Regional de C.V.G. EDELCA. Documentación”. December 2005.
[5] ABB University Switzerland. “MicroSCADA Introduction to
Operation/O212”. June 2002.
[6] ABB. “M487 Caruachi Course REC316”. Septembre 2002.
[7] ABB University Switzerland. “M487 REC580 Operation”. September
2002.
[8] ABB University Switzerland. “M588 Palital Curso Especial Parte SA
Automatización de Subestaciones”. January 2004.
[9] ABB University Switzerland. “M588 COM581v4.5/CAP581/RER581
Engineering course for EDELCA”. January 2004.
[10] ABB University Switzerland. “M588 Palital Special Course. Part
REC580 Numerical Controller”. January 2004.
[11] ABB University Switzerland. “M588 COM500 Engineering course for
EDELCA”. January 2004.
V. BIOGRAPHIES
Hildarys Salazar was born in Bolivar,
Venezuela, on May 30, 1977. Electronic
Engineer. She graduated from the “Antonio José
de Sucre” Polytechnic Experimental National
University.
She works as Maintenance Engineer at CVG
EDELCA, Venezuela, since April 1, 2002. Her
special field of interest included supervision and
control systems for power plants and electric
substation.
Luis Paredes was born in Bolivar, Venezuela,
on February 3, 1976. Electronic Engineer. He
graduated from the “Antonio José de Sucre”
Polytechnic Experimental National University.
He works as Maintenance Engineer at CVG
EDELCA, Venezuela, since October 25, 2001. His
special field of interest included supervision and
control systems for power plants and electric
substation.