Exp.

No: Date:

CONVENTIONAL REPRESENTATIONS OF VARIOUS MATERIALS

Aim: To draw the conventional representations of various materials using AUTOCAD
software.

System Configuration:

Software Used: AutoCAD

Commands Used:

The following commands used for preparation of the drawing

Theory:

As a variety of materials are used for machine components in engineering applications,

it is preferable to have different conventions of section lining to differentiate between
various materials.

Procedure:

1. Open the Auto CAD software.

2. Draw a Table with three columns.
3. Using Text command, write the text given in the table for all the materials.
4. Draw rectangles for each material and use different hatch patterns as given in
figure.

Result:
The conventional representations for various materials have been drawn using Auto
CAD.

COMPUTER AIDED MACHINE DRAWING 1

Exp. No: Date:

COMPUTER AIDED MACHINE DRAWING 2

Exp. No: Date:

CONVENTIONAL REPRESENTATIONS OF
VARIOUS MACHINE PARTS
Aim: To draw the conventional representations of various machine parts using
AUTOCAD software.

System Configuration:

Software Used: AutoCAD

Commands Used:

The following commands used for preparation of the drawing

Rectangle, Circle, Arc, Pattern, Move, Offset, Polyline, Trim

Theory:

When the drawing of a component in its true projection involves a lot of time, its
convention may be used to represent the actual component. Figure shows typical
examples of conventional representaion of various machine components used in
engineering drawing.

COMPUTER AIDED MACHINE DRAWING 3

Exp. No: Date:

COMPUTER AIDED MACHINE DRAWING 4

Exp. No: Date:

Procedure:

1. Open the Auto CAD software.

2. Draw a Table with three columns.
3. Using Text command, write the text given in the table for different machine
elements
4. Using various drawing commands, draw conventions for each element as per the
table given.

Result:

The conventional representations for various materials have been drawn using Auto
CAD.

VIVA QUESTIONS:

COMPUTER AIDED MACHINE DRAWING 5

Exp. No: Date:

SECTIONAL VIEWS
Aim: To draw the sectional views for a given Isometric view using AUTOCAD/CATIA
software.

System Configuration:

Software Used: AutoCAD/CATIA V5

Commands Used:

The following commands used for preparation of the drawing

COMPUTER AIDED MACHINE DRAWING 6

Exp. No: Date:

Part Design: Rectangle, Pad, Pocket, Mirror, Profile, Project 3D elements, Edge fillet

Drafting: Sectional View

Theory:

A section view is a view used on a drawing to show a hidden part of an object by

removing some of that object by a cutting plane. Sections may be of full section or
half section. In a full section, the cutting plane line passes fully through the part.
Normally a view is replaced with the full section view. Half Section is used to the
exterior and interior of the part in the same view. The cutting-plane line cuts
halfway through the part and removes one quarter of the material. The line that
separates the different types (interior and exterior) may be in general a centerline.

Diagram-1:

COMPUTER AIDED MACHINE DRAWING 7

Exp. No: Date:

Diagram-2:

COMPUTER AIDED MACHINE DRAWING 8

Exp. No: Date:

Procedure:

Open the CATIA platform and follow the steps as give below

1. Go to Part Design workbench select a plane and draw the sketch required
2. In part design workbench find PAD and Pocket to add and remove material
respectively
3. Sketch is developed on planes where ever needed and padding, pocketing, holes,
and edge fillets are given in part design workbench
4. After finishing the part we move to the drafting module and create sectional view
for the part

Result:

The sectional given views has drawn for the given Isometric drawing using CATIA.

VIVA QUESTIONS:

COMPUTER AIDED MACHINE DRAWING 9

Exp. No: Date:

THREAD PROFILES
Aim: To draw the various thread profiles with appropriate proportions using CATIA
software.

System Configuration:

Software Used: CATIA V5

Commands Used:

The following commands used for preparation of the drawing

Theory:

A screw thread is obtained by cutting a continuous helical groove on a cylindrical

surface (external thread). The threaded portion engages with a corresponding threaded
hole (internal thread); forming a screwed fastener. there are some profiles in use to
meet various applications.

V-Thread: This thread profile has a larger contact area, providing more frictional
resistance to motion. Hence, it is used where effective positioning is required. It is also
used in brass pipe work.

British Standard Whitworth (BSW) Thread: This thread form is adopted in Britain in
inch units. The profile has rounded ends, making it less liable to damage than sharp
V-thread.

Buttress Thread: This thread is a combination of V-and square threads. It exhibits the
advantages of square thread, like the ability to transmit power and low frictional
resistance, with the strength of the V-thread. It is used where power transmission
takes place in one direction only such as screw press, quick acting carpenter’s vice,
etc.

Square Thread: Square thread is an ideal thread form for power transmission. In this,
as the thread flank is at right angle to the axis, the normal force between the threads,
acts parallel to the axis, with zero radial component. This enables the nut to transmit
very high pressures, as in the case of a screw jack and other similar applications.

ACME Thread: It is a modified form of square thread. It is much stronger than square
thread because of the wider base and it is easy to cut. The inclined sides of the thread
facilitate quick and easy engagement and disengagement as for example, the split nut
with the lead screw of a lathe.

Worm Thread: Worm thread is similar to the ACME thread, but is deeper. It is used on
shafts to carry power to worm wheels.

Diagram-1:

COMPUTER AIDED MACHINE DRAWING 10

Exp. No: Date:

Procedure:

Result:

Various thread profiles have been drawn using AutoCAD software.

VIVA QUESTIONS:

BOLT WITH NUT AND WASHER

Aim: To draw the hexagonal headed bolt with nut and washer using appropriate
proportions by CATIA software.

System Configuration:

Software Used: CATIA V5

Commands Used:

The following commands used for preparation of the drawing

Circle, Constraints, Pad, Pocket, edge fillet

Theory:

A bolt and nut in combination is a fastening device used to hold two parts together.
The body of the bolt, called shank is cylindrical in form, the head; square or hexagonal
in shape, is formed by forging. Screw threads are cut on the other end of the shank.

COMPUTER AIDED MACHINE DRAWING 11

Exp. No: Date:

Nuts in general are square or hexagonal in shape. The nuts with internal threads
engage with the corresponding size of the external threads of the bolt. However, there
are other forms of nuts used to suit specific requirements. For nuts, hexagonal shape
is preferred to the square one, as it is easy to tighten even in a limited space. This is
because, with only one-sixth of a turn, the spanner can be re-introduced in the same
position. However, square nuts are used when frequent loosening and tightening is
required, for example on job holding devices like vices, tool posts in machines, etc. The
sharp corners on the head of bolts and nuts are removed by chamfering.

Diagram-1:

Procedure:

Open the CATIA platform and follow the steps as give below
1. Go to Part Design workbench select a plane and draw the sketch required
2. In part design workbench find PAD and Pocket to add and remove material
respectively
3. Sketch is developed on planes where ever needed and padding, pocketing, holes,
and edge fillets are given in part design workbench
4. After drawing individual parts , these parts are imported into assembly
workbench and assembled using various constraints required

Result:

Various thread profiles have been drawn using CATIA software.

VIVA QUESTIONS:

FLANGED COUPLING

COMPUTER AIDED MACHINE DRAWING 12

Exp. No: Date:

Aim: To draw the flanged coupling using appropriate proportions by CATIA software.

System Configuration:

Software Used: CATIA V5

Commands Used:

The following commands used for preparation of the drawing

Circle, Rotate, Pad, Pocket, Hole, Rotate, Contraints

Theory:

Shaft couplings are used to join or connect two shafts in such a way that when both
the shafts rotate, they act as one unit and transmit power from one shaft to the other.
Flanged couplings are the standard forms of couplings, most extensively used. In a
flanged coupling, flanges are either fitted or provided at the ends of shafts. The flanges
are fastened together by means of a number of bolts and nuts. The number and size of
the bolts depend upon the power to be transmitted and hence, the shaft diameter.

Diagram-1:

Procedure:

Open the CATIA platform and follow the steps as give below
1. Go to Part Design workbench select a plane and draw the sketch required
2. In part design workbench find PAD and Pocket to add and remove material
respectively
3. Sketch is developed on planes where ever needed and padding, pocketing, holes,
and edge fillets are given in part design workbench

COMPUTER AIDED MACHINE DRAWING 13

Exp. No: Date:

4. After drawing individual parts , these parts are imported into assembly
workbench and assembled using various constraints required

Result

Various thread profiles have been drawn using CATIA software.

VIVA QUESTIONS:

RIVETTED JOINT
Aim: To draw the double riveted double strap chain butt joint using appropriate
proportions by CATIA software.

System Configuration:

Software Used: CATIA V5

Commands Used:

The following commands used for preparation of the drawing

Circle, Rotate, Pad, Pocket, Hole, Translate, Rectangle, Constraints.

Theory:

Riveted joints are permanent fastenings and riveting is one of the commonly used
method of producing rigid and permanent joints. Manufacture of boilers, storage
tanks, etc., involve joining of steel sheets, by means of riveted joints. A rivet is a round
rod of circular cross-section. It consists of two parts, viz., head and shank shown in
figure. Riveting is the process of forming a riveted joint. For this, a rivet is first placed
in the hole drilled through the two parts to be joined. Then the shank end is made into
a rivet head by applying pressure, when it is either in cold or hot condition. Pressure
may be applied to form the second rivet head, either by direct hammering or through
hydraulic or pneumatic means. While forming the rivet head, the shank will bulge
uniformly. Hence, a certain amount of clearance between the hole and shank must be
provided before riveting.

Diagram-1

COMPUTER AIDED MACHINE DRAWING 14

Exp. No: Date:

Procedure: Open the CATIA platform and follow the steps as give below

1. Go to Part Design workbench select a plane and draw the sketch required
2. In part design workbench find PAD and Pocket to add and remove material
respectively
3. Sketch is developed on planes where ever needed and padding, pocketing, holes,
and edge fillets are given in part design workbench
4. After drawing individual parts , these parts are imported into assembly
workbench and assembled using various constraints required

Result

Various thread profiles have been drawn using CATIA software.

STUFFING BOX
Aim: To assemble the parts of stuffing box using appropriate proportions by CATIA
software.

System Configuration:

Software Used: CATIA V5

Commands Used:

The following commands used for preparation of the drawing

Circle, Rotate, Pad, Pocket, Hole, Translate, Rectangle, Constraints, Shaft, 3 point arc
starting with limits

COMPUTER AIDED MACHINE DRAWING 15

Exp. No: Date:

Theory:

It is used to prevent loss of fluid such as steam, between sliding or turning parts of
machine elements. In a steam engine, when the piston rod reciprocates through the
cylinder cover; stuffing box provided in the cylinder cover, prevents leakage of steam
from the cylinder. At the base of stuffing box body 1, a bush 3 is placed such that the
bevelled edge of the bush is at the inner side of the body. Gland 2 is placed at the other
end of the body and is connected to the main body by means of studs 4 and nuts 5.
The space between the reciprocating rod and the bush and the gland is packed with a
packing material such as mineral fibres, leather, rubber or cork.

Procedure:

Open the CATIA platform and follow the steps as give below

1. The drawings for the parts of stuffing box such as Body, Gland, Bush, Stud and Nut are
studied.
2. Part models of all the parts are created using CATIA.
3. The Assembly of Stuffing Box is created as per the drawing specification.
4. Construct the table of parts for corresponding materials.
5. Show all necessary views using drafting environment of CATIA Software.

Result
The parts of stuffing box using appropriate proportions are assembled and necessary
views are shown by using CATIA software.

Diagram:

COMPUTER AIDED MACHINE DRAWING 16

Exp. No: Date:

PISTON ASSEMBLY

COMPUTER AIDED MACHINE DRAWING 17

Exp. No: Date:

Aim: To assemble the parts of Piston Assembly using appropriate proportions by

CATIA software.

System Configuration:

Software Used: CATIA V5

Commands Used:

The following commands used for preparation of the drawing

Circle, Rotate, Pad, Pocket, Hole, Translate, Rectangle, Constraints, Rib, Elongated
hole, Shaft, Rib.

Theory:

A piston is cylindrical in form and reciprocates in a cylinder. The petrol engine piston
is generally die cast in Aluminum alloy or Cast Iron. It is connected to the small end of
the connecting rod by means of a gudgeon pin. Five piston rings 4 are positioned in the
piston 1; four at the top and one at the bottom. The top piston rings, known as
compression rings, prevent leakage of gases from combustion chamber into the crank
case. The bottom one; oil or scraper ring, prevents the lubricating oil from entering the
combustion chamber. The piston is connected to the small end of the connecting rod,
by means of the gudgeon or piston pin 2; the axial movement of which is prevented by
piston plugs 3.

Procedure:

Open the CATIA platform and follow the steps as give below

1. The drawings for the parts of Piston assembly such as Piston, Piston Pin, Piston Pin
Plug and Piston rings are studied.
2. Part models of all the parts are created using CATIA.
3. The Assembly of Piston is created as per the drawing specification.
4. Construct the table of parts for corresponding materials.
5. Provide the dimensions for all the parts of assembly drawing.
6. Show all necessary views using drafting environment of CATIA Software.

Result
The parts of Piston Assembly using appropriate proportions are assembled and
necessary views are shown by using CATIA software.

COMPUTER AIDED MACHINE DRAWING 18

Exp. No: Date:

Diagram:

COMPUTER AIDED MACHINE DRAWING 19

Exp. No: Date:

PLUMMER BLOCK
Aim: To assemble the parts of Plummer Block using appropriate proportions by CATIA
software.

System Configuration:

Software Used: CATIA V5

Commands Used:

The following commands used for preparation of the drawing

Circle, Rotate, Pad, Pocket, Hole, Translate, Rectangle, Constraints, 3 point arc with
limits, Elongated hole, Shaft.

Theory:

This bearing is used for long shafts, requiring intermediate support, especially when
the shaft cannot be introduced in the bearing end-wise. It consists of a pedastal or
base, a cap and a bush, split into two halves, called ‘bearing brasses’. The split parts
used in the assembly facilitate easy assembly and periodical replacement of the worn-
out brasses. After placing the journal on the lower half of the bush, kept in the base,
the upper half of the bush is placed and the cap is then fixed to the pedastal, by means
of two bolts. Flanges are provided at either end of the bush, to prevent its axial motion.
The rotary motion of the bush is prevented by a snug provided at the bottom of the
lower brass, fitting into a corresponding hole in the base.

Procedure:

Open the CATIA platform and follow the steps as give below

1. The drawings for the parts of Plummer block such as Body, Cap, Bearing top &
Bottom half, Nuts and shaft are studied
2. Part models of all the parts are created using CATIA.
3. The Assembly of Plummer block is created as per the drawing specification.
4. Construct the table of parts for corresponding materials.
5. Provide the dimensions for all the parts of assembly drawing.
6. Show all necessary views using drafting environment of CATIA Software.

Result

COMPUTER AIDED MACHINE DRAWING 20

Exp. No: Date:

The parts of Plummer block using appropriate proportions are assembled and
necessary views are shown by using CATIA software.

Diagram:

COMPUTER AIDED MACHINE DRAWING 21

Exp. No: Date:

UNIVERSAL JOINT
Aim: To assemble the parts of Universal Joint using appropriate proportions by CATIA
software.

System Configuration:

Software Used: CATIA V5

Commands Used:

The following commands used for preparation of the drawing

Circle, Rotate, Pad, Pocket, Hole, Project 3D elements, Rectangle, Constraints, Rib,
Elongated hole, Shaft, Rib.

Theory:

Universal Joint (Hooke’s Joint) is a rigid coupling that connects two shafts, whose axes
intersect if extended. It consists of two forks which are keyed to the shafts. The two
forks are pin joined to a central block, which has two arms at right angle to each other
in the form of a cross. The angle between the shafts may be varied even while the
shafts are rotating.

Procedure:

Open the CATIA platform and follow the steps as give below

COMPUTER AIDED MACHINE DRAWING 22

Exp. No: Date:

1. The drawings for the parts of Universal joint such as Fork, Centre block, Pin &
Collar and Key are studied.
2. Part models of all the parts are created using CATIA.
3. The Assembly of Universal joint is created as per the drawing specification.
4. Construct the table of parts for corresponding materials.
5. Provide the dimensions for all the parts of assembly drawing.
6. Show all necessary views using drafting environment of CATIA Software.

Result
The parts of Universal Joint using appropriate proportions are assembled and
necessary views are shown by using CATIA software.

Diagram:

COMPUTER AIDED MACHINE DRAWING 23

Exp. No: Date:

SCREW JACK
Aim: To assemble the parts of Screw Jack using appropriate proportions by CATIA
software.

System Configuration:

Software Used: CATIA V5

Commands Used:

The following commands used for preparation of the drawing

Circle, Rotate, Pad, Pocket, Hole, Rectangle, Mirror, Constraints, Rib, Shaft.

Theory:

Screw Jack is device used to lift, position, align and hold heavy loads with less effort. It
is used to convert rotational motion into linear motion. It utilizes the property of a
screw thread providing a mechanical advantage. In this, the screw 4 works in the nut 2
which is press fitted into the main body 1. The tommy bar 7 is inserted into a hole
through the enlarged head of the screw and when this is turned, the screw will move
up or down, thereby raising or lowering the load.

Procedure:

COMPUTER AIDED MACHINE DRAWING 24

Exp. No: Date:

Open the CATIA platform and follow the steps as give below

1. The drawings for the parts of Screw jack such as Casting, Nut, Cup, Tommy
bar, Setscrew, Screw and washer are studied.
2. Part models of all the parts are created using CATIA.
3. The Assembly of screw jack is created as per the drawing specification.
4. Construct the table of parts for corresponding materials.
5. Provide the dimensions for all the parts of assembly drawing.
6. Show all necessary views using drafting environment of CATIA Software.

Result
The parts of Screw Jack using appropriate proportions are assembled and necessary
views are shown by using CATIA software.

Diagram:

COMPUTER AIDED MACHINE DRAWING 25