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Plant Water Relations and Mineral

Nutrition
 EXERCISES
1. Describe root regions and structure of root hair.
2. Explain active absorption of water. OR
Describe the mechanism of water absorption by plants.
3. With the help of diagram explain the two pathways of water across the root cells.
OR
Explain the two pathways of water across the root cells. OR
Write about the apoplast and symplast ways of water movement into the plant body.
4. Describe mechanism of ascent of sap with the help of cohesion tension theory.
OR
Give an account of cohesion tension theory of Dixon. OR
Describe transpiration pull model of water transport in plants.
5. Explain the role of any two macro nutrients and any two micro nutrients and their
deficiency symptoms. OR
Describe the role and deficiency symptoms of any one macronutrients.
6. Describe the course of translocation of organic sap and its mechanism.
7. Give an account of stomatal transpiration. OR
Explain the process of stomatal transpiration.
8. “Transpiration is a necessary evil”. comment.
9. Explain the terms.
a) Water potential d) Plasmolysis
b) Osmosis e) Diffusion
c) Imbibition f) DPD
10. Distinguish between:
a) Semi permeable and selectively permeable membrane.
b) Diffusion and osmosis
c) Active and passive absorption
d) Evaporation and Transpiration
11. What is transpiration? Give its significance. OR
What are the beneficial and harmful effect of transpiration?
12. Describe in brief the three types of transpiration.
13. With labeled diagram describe the structure of stomata.
14. Describe the role and deficiency symptom of any one macronutrients.

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15. Explain the concept of permeability.
16. What is apoplast pathway?
17. Define transpiration.
18. Enlist essential elements. OR
Name the various essential elements for the growth of plants.
19. What is hydroponics?
20. Why micronutrients are required in very small amount ?
21. Explain in brief about the process of water and mineral absorption in plants.
22. Name the main source of water for plants.
23. Classify the various types of water present in the soil.
24. Which is the only water available for the plants for absorption?
25. Define imbibition and diffusion. How do these processes help in absorption of water?
OR Explain the role of imbibition and diffusion in absorption of water.
26. Write a note on facilitated diffusion.
27. Differentiate between Imbibition and Diffusion
28. Define symport, antiport and uniport transport of molecules.
29. Why do wooden doors and windows swell during rainy season?
30. Explain the term “Diffusion Pressure”.
31. Define osmosis. What are the types of osmosis? OR
What is endosmosis?
32. Write the significance of osmosis.
33. Define Deplasmolysis.
(A) With the help of well labelled diagrams, describe the process of plasmolysis in
plants, giving examples.
(B) Explain what will happen to a plant cell, if it is kept in a solution having higher
water potential?
34. Write a short note on the following:
i. Osmotic Pressure (OP) ii. Turgor Pressure (TP)
35. Write a note on Diffusion pressure deficit (DPD).
36. Write a note, on water potential. OR
Briefly describe water potential.
37. What happens when a pressure greater than the atmospheric pressure is applied to
pure water or a solution?
38. Explain why pure water has the maximum water potential?
39. What is permeability?
40. Name the region of the root from where absorption of water occurs.
41. What is symplast pathway?

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42. Differentiate between Apoplast pathway and Symplast pathway.
43. What is active absorption ?
44. What is ascent of sap?
45. Define root pressure and give the name of instrument used to measure root
pressure.
46. What is exudation ?
47. Why living roots are essential for root pressure to develop ? OR
What role does root pressure play in the water movement in plants?
48. Explain the term Guttation.
49. Why hydathodes are also called as chalk glands?
50. State the objection to cohesion-tension theory.
51. On which principles, transpiration pull theory is based?
52. Write a short note on transpiration pull.
53. Describe a physical demonstration of the cohesion-tension theory with suitable
diagram.
54. Discuss the factors responsible for ascent of xylem sap in plants.
55. How much water is lost to the atmosphere by plants? OR
What percentage of water is utilized for various activities of plants?
56. Distinguish between cuticular transpiration and stomatal transpiration.
57. Describe the T.S. of leaf in relation to transpiration.
58. Explain the role of K+ ions in or opening and closing of stomata. OR
How does opening and closing of stomata take place? OR
What causes the opening and closing of guard cells of stomata during transpiration?
59. What is the shape of guard cells in monocots?
60. Which type of transpiration is maximum in plants?
61. Why is transpiration called as energy sapping process?
62. “Water is absolutely essential for life” Explain.
63. What is translocation of organic solutes?
64. Which is the special conducting tissue to translocate food in plants?
65. Which part of plant is referred as the supply end and sink end?
66. Explain Munch hypothesis theory of translocation of organic food. OR
Explain the pressure flow hypothesis of translocation of sugar in plants.
67. Explain why xylem transport is unidirectional and phloem transport bidirectional?
68. Define inorganic nutrients.
69. What are non-mineral elements and mineral nutrients?
70. How many different types of elements are present in plant?

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71. Define.
i. Essential elements ii. Non-essential elements iii. Mineral nutrition
72. Which elements are referred to as critical elements?
73. What are the various criteria for essentiality of elements?
74. “All elements that are present in the plant need not be essential to its survival”,
Comment.
75. Explain the role of minerals and their deficiency symptoms.
76. How plants are grown by the technique of hydroponics?
77. Give the advantages of hydroponics.
78. Write a short note on mineral toxicity.
79. Why is purification of water and nutrient salts so important in studies involving
mineral nutrition using hydroponics?
80. If a plant shows a symptom which could develop due to deficiency of more than one
nutrient, how would you find out experimentally the real deficient mineral element?
81. Define mineral absorption.
82. In which form the minerals are absorbed?
83. Explain the various methods of absorption of mineral ions by root cells.
84. „Mineral absorption is mainly an active process‟. Justify.
85. Define biological nitrogen fixation.
86. Name the free living and symbiotic N2 fixing organisms.
87. Explain the role of Rhizobia in biological nitrogen fixation.
88. What is heterocyst?
89. In which chemical forms nitrogen available to plants and animals?
90. Why we can not use nitrogen present in air directly?
91. Define nitrogen cycle.
92. Give the diagrammatic representation of nitrogen cycle.
93. Give the five main processes that takes place during nitrogen cycle.
94. Explain nitrogen cycle in brief.

 MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION

1. Which of the following is the major source of water for land plants?
(A) Gravitational water (C) Capillary water
(B) Hygroscopic water (D) Combined water
2. Wooden doors swell up and get stuck up during rainy season due to
(A) endosmosis (B) exosmosis (C) imbibition (D) capillarity
3. Transport of two types of molecules in the same direction is known as
(A) Symport (B) Antiport (C) uniport (D) biport

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4. Osmosis occurs through a ___________ membrane.
(A) permeable (B) Semipermeable (C) impermeable (D) differentially permeable.
5. For osmosis which of the following is true ?
(A) The solute move from dilute to concentrated solution
(B) The solvent moves from dilute to concentrated solution.
(C) Both dilute and concentrated solutions move in opposite direction
(D) Only concentrated solution moves to dilute solution.
6. The movement of molecules from a region of higher concentration to lower
concentration is
(A) imbibition (B) diffusion (C) osmosis (D) reverse osmosis
7. Shrinkage of protoplasm is
(A) transpiration (B) plasmolysis (C) deplasmolysis (D) diffusion
8. The main constituent of cytoplasm is
(A) water (B) carbohydrates (C) proteins (D) lipids
9. When a cell cannot absorb more water, the condition is called
(A) endosmosis (B) plasmolysis (C) turgidity (D) exosmosis
10. Plasmolysis occurs in plant cells when outer solution is
(A) isotonic (B) hypertonic (C) hypotonic (D) mesotonic
11. The main organ of water absorption are
(A) root (B) stem (C) leaves (D) flowers
12. The outer wall of root hair is made up of
(A) pectin (B) Cytokinin. (C) resin (D) tannin
13. Root hair is derived from __________ cell.
(A) Epidermal (B) Cortical (C) Endodermal (D) Pericycle.
14. Root hair will absorb water when external solution is
(A) viscous (B) isotonic (C) hypertonic (D) hypotonic
15. Absorption of water involving the activity of roots is called
(A) active absorption (C) passive absorption
(B) imbibition (D) diffusion
16. Entry of water into root hair cell from soil is because
(A) water potential of soil solution is more than root hair cell sap.
(B) water potential of soil solution is less than root hair cell sap.
(C) water potential both outside and inside root hair is equal.
(D) water potential value in soil solution is negative.
17. Which of the following is the first step in water absorption?
(A) Imbibition (C) Passive absorption
(B) Active Absorption (D) Osmosis

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18. Solution outside a cell has higher concentration than cell sap. Then the solution is
(A) isotonic (B) hypertonic (C) hypotonic (D) acidic
19. Water in plants rises through
(A) xylem (B) phloem (C) pith (D) cortex
20. Guttation takes place through special glands called
(A) xylem (B) chalk glands (C) hydathodes (D) both B and C
21. Cohesive and adhesive forces cause
(A) absorption of water (C) discontinuity of water column
(B) continuity of water column (D) plasmolysis
22. “Transpiration Pull” is maximum when
(A) stomata are open and atmosphere is dry
(B) stomata are open and atmosphere is humid
(C) stomata are open and soil is dry
(D) stomata close due to high blowing winds
23. Cohesion theory of ascent of sap is based on
(A) diameter of vessels
(B) physical forces between water molecules
(C) surface tension
(D) pressure of water in roots.
24. Uptake of water at the expense of metabolic energy is known as
(A) endosmosis (C) active absorption
(B) diffusion (D) passive absorption
25. Who first proposed the cohesion theory ?
(A) Dixon and Jolly (C) Bonner
(B) Curtis (D) Gold Stone
26. Mutual attraction between H2O molecules is called
(A) cohesion (B) adhesion (C) tension (D) pressure
27. Lenticels are present on
(A) herbaceous stems (C) leaves
(B) woody stems (D) roots
28. In monocot, guard cells are
(A) kidney shaped (C) spherical shaped
(B) dumb bell shaped (D) oval shaped
29. Stoma is surrounded by two modified epidermal parenchyma cells called
(A) Palisade (C) Mesophyll cell.
(B) Lenticels (D) Guard cells.

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30. Stoma widens when
(A) Turgor pressure is increased (C) Exosmosis occur
(B) Wall pressure is decreased (D) Osmotic concentration of guard cells lowers.
31. Guard cells are associated with
(A) lenticels (B) hydathodes (C) stomata (D) epiblema
32. Maximum transpiration occurs through
(A) stomata (B) cuticle (C) lenticels (D) bark
33. Wilting in plants occurs due to increase in
(A) Photosynthesis (C) transpiration
(B) photoperiodism (D) osmosis
34. Opening and closing of stomata is due to the
(A) hormonal change in guard cells
(B) change in turgor pressure of guard cells
(C) gaseous exchange
(D) respiration
35. In fully opened stomata, guard cells are
(A) plasmolysed (B) shrunken (C) turgid (D) flaccid
36. During night time, guard cells
(A) swell (C) become flaccid
(B) convert starch to sugar (D) increases turgor pressure
37. Importance of transpiration is
(A) removal of excess water
(B) occurrence of gaseous exchange
(C) accelerate downward action of water
(D) both (A) and (B)
38. Transpiration is 'unavoidable evil‟ is termed by
(A) Curtis (B) Steward (C) Boehm (D) Stocking
39. The statement „transpiration is a necessary evil‟ was made by
(A) J. C. Bose (B) Curtis (C) Levitt (D) Wilmer
40. The technique of growing plants in a nutrient solution is called
(A) tissue culture (C) hydroponics
(B) propagation (D) ascent of sap
41. Movement of food material from leaves to other parts of the plant takes place
through
(A) xylem (C) both (A) and (B)
(B) phloem (D) meristems

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42. The minerals which are required in small amount for the growth of plant are called
(A) micronutrients (C) minor elements
(B) trace elements (D) all of these
43. The elements which are required in large amount for the growth of plants are
(A) macronutrients (C) essential elements
(B) major elements (D) all of these
44. Out of the following, which is the constituent of middle lamella?
(A) phosphorus (B) potassium (C) calcium (D) nitrogen
45. Critical elements are
(A) N, P, K (B) Na, P and Ca (C) N, P, Mg (D) Mn, Fe and Cu
46. Which of the following is a trace element?
(A) Mg (B) Nitrogen (C) Sulphur (D) Mn
47. Which of the following is a macronutrient?
(A) Ca (B) Mn (C) Zn (D) Mo
48. Nitrogen is an important constituent of
(A) carbohydrates (C) proteins
(B) lipids (D) polyphosphates
49. Chlorosis results from the deficiency of
(A) sodium (B) boron (C) magnesium (D) phosphorus
50. Out of the following, which are essential for the synthesis of chlorophyll?
(A) Mg (B) Fe (C) K (D) both (A) and (B)
51. Purines and pyrimidines are
(A) nitrogen bases (C) iron bases
(B) phosphorus bases (D) calcium bases
52. For maintaining permeability of membranes, the element which is required is
(A) Na (B) K (C) Ca (D) Fe
53. Biological nitrogen fixation is done by
(A) Nostoc (B) Anabaena (C) Rhizobia (D) all of these
54. In cyanobacteria, ____________ is the site for nitrogen fixation.
(A) heterocyst (B) flagella (C) chloroplast (D) cell wall
55. The essential component of DNA and proteins is
(A) Nitrogen (B) Magnesium (C) Chlorine (D) Oxygen

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 ANSWER TO MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTION
1.(C) 2. (C) 3. (A) 4. (B) 5. (B) 6. (B) 7. (B)
8. (A) 9. (C) 10. (B) 11. (A) 12. (A) 13. (A) 14. (D)
15. (A) 16. (A) 17. (A) 18. (B) 19. (A) 20. (D) 21. (B)
22. (A) 23. (B) 24. (C) 25. (A) 26. (A) 27. (B) 28. (B)
29. (D) 30. (A) 31. (C) 32. (A) 33. (C) 34. (B) 35. (C)
36. (C) 37. (D) 38. (B) 39. (B) 40. (C) 41. (B) 42. (D)
43. (D) 44. (C) 45. (A) 46. (D) 47. (A) 48. (C) 49. (C)
50. (D) 51. (A) 52. (B) 53. (D) 54. (A) 55. (A)

F.Y.J.C. Science 45 Plant Water Rel. & Mineral Nutrition