Philippine Folkdance: Skills and Interests of Grade 10 students

Rationale

Folk dancing is a wholesome form of entertainment, enjoyed by the children and

adults whether participants or spectators. It is simple, inexpensive recreation. Folk

dancing nowadays are another way of preserving our culture. Folk dances are performed

during fiestas, celebration of victory, birthdays weddings and even a form of occupational

dance. But for the 21st century, folk dancing is now for “Buwan ng Wika” and “Folkdance

Competition”. Even though folk dances are not performed in certain occasions anymore

it is still well-performed on some places in the Philippines. (Ethnic Groups Philippines,

2016)

Francisca Reyes Aquino, who is considered the legendary “Mother of Philippine

Dancing,” dedicated more than four decades of her life to the collection and dissemination

of much of the available information about Philippine folk dances. Since 1921, she has

visited various places, including remote areas, for research. She then recorded all the

information she had collected to preserve the authenticity of folk dances. She also

founded The Philippine Folk Dance Society, bringing together people who are interested

in folk dancing. This led to the formation of various dance troupes, who performed the

dance movements of these folk dances the same way as our ancestors. Among the

famous groups in the industry are Bayanihan Folk Dance Company, Filipiniana Dance

Company, Baranggay Troupe, FEU Troupe, and UE Dance Troupe. (Ethnic Groups

Philippines, 2016)
 At present, most folk dance performances can be enjoyed at the Cultural Center

of the Philippines (CCP), which showcases an eclectic range of local and international

performance in dance, music, theatre, and more. Local restaurants, in addition to a few

hotels, also have weekly folk and ethnic dance presentations. Dance never stops growing

and changing, and it can either flourish or die depending on how we nurture it. The

efforts of the Philippine government, as well as that of the local community, are essential

to preserve and promote this national treasure. Folk dance tells us a story. It gives us a

peek into our ancestors’ lives long ago, as well as the vibrant side of our people and

culture. More effort is needed to conserve and showcase these folk dances today so that

people will remember their beauty and future generations will be able to appreciate our

wonderful heritage. (Ethnic Groups Philippines, 2016)

Currently most high school students of St. Catherine’s College are more active in

performing popular dances like hip hop and K-Pop. Researchers believe that there’s no

problem on loving different trending dances but everyone should never forget their roots.

These students may think that performing folk dances are inappropriate nowadays, that

we should always perform current popular dances or “uso” to keep a happy atmosphere.

If these students of St. Catherine’s College will continue performing popular dances, the

problem would be that the students will no longer appreciate the beauty of our culture.

The main purpose of the researchers in conducting this study is to help the grade 9

students of St. Catherine’s College learn more about Philippine Folk dance. In that way

students will gain knowledge, skills, and interest in Philippine folk dance. The students

will somehow love the beauty of the culture of the Philippines and maintain it.
Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the skills and interest in Philippine Folkdances among

Grade 10 learners in St. Catherine’s College during the school year 2018-2019.

Specifically, the study will answer the following questions:

1. What is the gender profile of the learners in terms of

1.1 gender;

2. What is the extent of the skills and interest of the Grade 10 learners in Philippine

Folk dances as to: 2.1 Mazurka de Jagna; and

2.2 Panginhas

3. Is there a significant difference between the skills and interest of male and female

learners?

4. Is there a significant difference on the skills of the students before and after the

intervention?

5. Is there a significant difference on the interest of the students before and after

the intervention?

6. Based on the findings, what enhancement program can be designed?

Review of related literatures

According to Francisca Reyes Aquino (1952) in the “The Journal of American

Association, 1952” Philippine Folkdance of today have the peculiar combination Spanish

and Oriental movements. This is as it should be. “Due to contact with the Spaniards for

more than three centuries, the music and dances are naturally bear the mark of their

influence. In this respect the dances are different from other Oriental Dances. Without

doubt, the majority of the dances found in the Philippines are the Spanish origin and a

few bear French, English, American, and Malayan influences. Nevertheless, they were

performed, adopted and interpreted by Filipinos so long ago, that they have become

traditionally Filipino. Some examples of dances showing marked foreign influences are:

(1) La Jota, Areuana, Pandanggo with Spanish influence. (2) Ba Ingles, with English

influence (3) Alcamfor, Pasakat, with French influence. (4) Birginia, Lanceros with

American influence. (5) Kandingan, Sua-Sua, Kapiil sa Mansala with Malayan influence.

Interest in Philippine folk dances were revived in 1927 when Dr. Jorge Bocobo, then

Acting President of the University of the Philippines, decided to send the writer, then

instructor of physical education at the State University, to some provinces of Luzon, the

Visayas, and the Mindanao to do research on such dances. He knew that there was a

wealth of folk dances and music hidden in remote places of the country. The provinces

where folk dances were studied and collected became aware of the presence of the old

people who were the living source of materials and information. These old people gave

invaluable help and information and taught those who desired to learn folk dances.
Local Study

In a research proposal established by Poralan, Babiera li and Habla, (2014) Cultural

awareness is the foundation of literate national communication. It involves one’s ability

to stand back from where he or she is to become more aware of cultural values, beliefs

and perceptions. Strengthening and preserving these values, beliefs, and traditions can

pose a great challenge especially today when culture has become vulnerable because of

globalization. It is on this ground that this study was conducted to determine the levels

of practices in strengthening and preserving Philippine folk dances and general knowledge

of folkdances as a measure of cultural awareness of secondary students of Davao City.

The respondents of the study were the 37 MAPEH teachers and 1,896 secondary school

students of School Year 2011-12 teaching or enrolled, respectively, in public high schools

in three congressional districts of Davao City. The mean was used to describe the levels

of practices concerning the strengthening and preserving of Philippines folk dances and

Pearson-r was employed to test the relationship between each of these variables and

cultural awareness. A researcher-made survey questionnaire was constructed and tested

for validity and reliability. A 20-item multiple choice test was also administered to the

student respondents of the study. Findings revealed that there is a high level of

strengthening and preserving practices for Philippine folk dances with an overall mean of

3.69 and 3.64, respectively, and level of cultural awareness of students is good as

quantified by a mean score of 11.03. Further, strengthening practices, such as being

careful but allowing students to explore Philippine folk dance, was encouraged while

preserving practices, such as resisting any alteration of folk dances and reading literature
before the dance, are also prevalent among MAPEH teachers. On the other hand, students

are more knowledgeable of the dance literature than about folk dances. However,

strengthening and preserving practices by the MAPEH teachers have no significant

relationship with the general knowledge as a measure of cultural awareness of the

student of Philippine folk dances. The general knowledge of students about folk dancing

was found to be good. In this study, their general knowledge of folk dancing was used

as a measure to determine cultural awareness. As revealed by the data, students are

knowledgeable about the dance “tinikling.” They readily knew that this dance uses

bamboo poles accompanied by steps and that this dance mimics a kind of bird called

tikling strutting over the bamboo poles. However, results also revealed that students were

least knowledgeable about the Philippine national folk dances troupe, which is the

“Bayanihan Dance Troupe.” When measured as to the relationship of strengthening and

preserving practices on the cultural awareness, this study showed that these practices

are not significantly related to the general knowledge of the students in folk dancing. This

result was just congruent to the assessment of Taguba (2007) in Bengwayan (2008),

former Director of the Department of Education of the Philippines who said that many

students who have graduated from high school in the recent past have been deprived of

the cultural vocabulary that was commonly possessed by educated persons in the past

generation. She said that the students must be reintroduced to the cultural vocabulary

that continues to be the foundation for literate national communication (Bengwayan,

2008). With these results, a more thorough examination of what may affect the cultural
awareness of the students is encouraged. This cultural awareness is significant as it will

determine the kind of global citizens Filipinos must have in the future.

According to Babiera (2014), Folk dance as an academic program has received less

attention and interest due to the rise of globalization that in turn makes culture adopt

modern behaviors. It is very evident with how people react and prefer modern, pop, and

hip hop dances. This study was conducted to find out the acculturation and interest of

the Physical Education teachers towards teaching folk dances in the Tertiary Schools, in

Davao City. Using descriptive correlation method, adopted survey questionnaire with

mean, t-test and Pearson r as data analysis tools, it was found out that there was a

significant relationship between the acculturation and interest level of the P.E. teachers

in teaching folk dance. The findings of the study confirm the theory of Leal (2011) which

states that acculturation can be considered as one significant factor affecting a person’s

ability to impart culture through experiences and moreover of interest in the preservation

of its own culture to be able to recognize his national identity. To have an in depth

acquisition of knowledge about folk dance, it is recommended that the teachers should

update themselves with issues and concerns about Philippine folk dances in order to gain

opportunities to develop their skill especially in imparting their own cultural heritage - folk

dances.

According to Awit (2015) in sunstar.com.ph, TO REVIVE interest in folk dances

among the youth, the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) dance

committee will organize the first International Dance Day in the country.
“Dance is the most visible connection to the past,” said Dolly Suzara, a member of the

dance committee. “Pero ang mga batan-on, makadungog og folk dance, manghiwi.

Moingon dayon nga tiniguwang man na (The youth will scoff when they hear folk dance.

They will say that it’s for old people),” Suzara continued.

The dance day will not be limited to just folk dances, but hip-hop and modern dances as

well, said Victor Lim Hao Cuenco, a member of the NCCA dance committee and the

choreographer of the University of Cebu (UC) Dance Company.

The International Dance Day program will be capped with a five-minute simultaneous

dance from around the country.

Cuenco is hoping to gather a good number of participants. Everybody is welcome in the

sports center and the event is free. “The program’s aim is to promote culture. Everybody

can dance, young or old...We hope we can fill the grand stand (of the sports complex),”

said Cuenco. While folk dances are taught in schools through the Department of

Education (DepEd) curriculum, Suzara said it can be strengthened by portrayal and visual

presentation. Cuenco said the DepEd and the Commission on Higher Education are invited

to the activity. A balikbayan, during the press conference, said she hopes the government

could provide the NCCA funding to make the International Dance Day an annual event in

the country. The event’s theme is “Yugyugan para sa kultura ng bayan.”

Cuenco explained that every April, NCCA organizes the Dance Xchange in celebration of

the National Dance Week, which is celebrated every last week of April, in accordance with

Presidential Decree 154. According to the website of the International Dance Day
organization, the celebration was started in 1982 by the dance committee of the

International Theater Institute in honor of Jean-Georges Noverre, the creator of modern

ballet.
Significance of the Study

Grade 9 students. The benefactors of this study are intelligent grade 9 students that

are currently enrolled in St. Catherine’s College. This study can help them to have more

knowledge on Philippine Folkdances and be able to perform to see if their learnings have

acquired.

St. Catherine’s College. The institution will have more students who passionately love

the country.

Physical Education Teachers. This study can help the teachers as well because they

will have students that already has prior knowledge about Philippine Folkdance.

Future Researchers. This can be of help for the researchers as their reference or for

researchers to further study this case; for enhancement.

Researchers. This study can help the researchers know what to do to preserve the

country’s dance cultures and pass their knowledge to their future students and to the

next generation.
Research Methodology

Research Method

This study will utilize Quantitative Research Design for this study because

quantitative design emphasizes objective measurements and the statistical,

mathematical, or numerical analysis of data collected through polls, questionnaires, and

surveys. The researchers utilize this design because quantitative design enables the

respondents to describe the situation more completely as a way of gathering data’s

through survey questionnaire.

Research Respondents

The respondents of this study are at least 20 grade 10 students specifically 10

females and 10 males who are currently enrolled in St. Catherine’s College in the

academic year of 2018-2019.

Research Environment

This study will be conducted in St. Catherine’s College, Carcar City, Cebu. The

school a has a wide closed classroom with large mirrors in which the respondents can

move and execute freely for the dance trainings and convenient classrooms for the

lectures.

Research Instrument

The research study will use a researcher made survey questionnaire that had

undergone a content validity process and a skill test that will use an appropriate rubric.
Part one of the questionnaire discussed about the gender. Part two, is the Assessment of

Student’s skills in Philippine Folkdance, researchers will let the students perform the

Fundamental Dance Steps in Philippine folk dance by group with four members and grade

them using the rubric. Part three, is the Assessment of Student’s Interest in Philippine

Folk Dance, students rate their interest in Philippine Folk Dance using the Three Point

Likert Scale. The other instruments to be used are a wide closed classroom with large

mirrors, CD player, microphones and loudspeakers to conduct workshop about Philippine

Folk Dances.

Research Procedure

After an approval from the coordinator to conduct the study, the respondents are

informing that they are the respondents of the study. The study will be conducted once

a week, after the end of the class of the students every Wednesday of the month so it’ll

be two sessions. Each session will only last for an hour. First session, researchers will

give a short orientation about Philippine Folk dance, then, students will have a pre-

assessment. Next, students will be learning the two dances “Pangihas” and “Mazurka de

Jagna” Second session, students will have their dance showcase and will do the Post

Assessment.

Treatment of Data

The researchers used Frequency to determine the number of responses from

every grade 10 students of St. Catherine’s College from the questionnaire in terms of the

respondents’ age, gender, interest and experience in performing Philippine Folkdance.

 The researchers also used Percentile to determine the percentage of every

frequency counted from the respondents’ answer.

 Questionnaire:

I. Personal Profile

a. Name (optional):

b. Gender:

II. Assessment of Student’s Skills in Philippine Folkdance

DIRECTION: After the researcher’s demonstration of the dances, respondents

will be performing the dances, “Panginhas” and “Mazurka de Jagna” by 5 pairs
with music. Researchers will rate the respondent by the following rating scale for
Skill Level: EXPERT, PROFICIENT, FAMILIAR and BEGINNER.

Name of Dance Expert Proficient Familiar Beginner

1.Panginhas

2. Mazurka de Jagna

III. Assessment of Student’s Interest in Philippine Folkdance

DIRECTION: Below are indicators of interest in Philippine Folkdance. Indicate

the extent of practice of each indicator by writing a check(√) in one of the
options at the right column. The options 3,2, and 1, represent the extent of
practice.

3- always 2- seldom 1- never

Indicators 3 2 1
1. I dance Philippine Folkdance.
2. I enjoy watching Philippine Folkdance Competitions.
3. I enjoy performing Philippine Folkdance.
4. I see Philippine Folkdance very interesting.
5. I watch folk dance competitions.
6. I am a folkloric person.
7. I am an advocate for preserving Philippine Culture
Others: (Please Specify)
 CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL PROFILE:

Name: Riza Cutanda Isahac-Alcuitas

Age: 20 years old

Gender: Female

Date of Birth: May 28, 1998

Place of Birth: Cambaro, Mandaue City

Marital Status: Married

Nationality: Filipino

Religion: Islam

Mother’s Maiden Name: Emilin Pelino Cutanda

Father’s Name: Mugdar Abdulmutalib Isahac

E-mail Address: rizacutandaisahac@gmail.com

EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT:

Primary: Mandaue City Central School (2002-2006)

Catalino LL. Ouano St., Mandaue City, Cebu

Pajo Elementary School (2006-2010)

Sangi, Lapu-lapu City, Cebu

Secondary: Pajo National High School (2010-2014)

Sangi, Lapu-lapu City, Cebu

Tertiary: University of San Carlos (2014-2015)

P.del Rosario St., Cebu City, Cebu

St. Catherine’s College (2016- present)

Poblacion I, Carcar City, Cebu

TRAINING/SEMINARS ATTENDED

Classroom Management for 21st Century setting 2017

St. Catherine’s College, Carcar City, Cebu

Health and Wellness Seminar/Workshop theme: Optimizing Health through Wellness

and Fitness 2018

Anselmo Bustos Gymnasium, University of San Carlos

16th Echo-Folk Dance Workshop 2018

Cebu City Sport Center Gym

Echo-Seminar Workshop on Cebuano Dances 2018

Carcar City Nice Hall, Carcar City, Cebu

Pedagogies for Diversity Learners 2018

St. Catherine’s College, Carcar City, Cebu

 CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL PROFILE:

Name: Jia Wamar Dayanan

Age: 29 years old

Gender: Female

Date of Birth: September 25, 1989

Place of Birth: Tubod Valladolid Carcar City, Cebu

Marital Status: Single

Nationality: Filipino

Religion: Roman Catholic

Mother’s Maiden Name: Narcisa Wariza Wamar

Father’s Name: Joelito Lapina Dayanan

E-mail Address: wamarjia25@gmail.com

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:

Primary: Carcar Central Elementary School (1996 – 2002)

P. Nellas St., Poblacion III, Carcar City, Cebu

Secondary: Carcar Central National High School-Night (2002 – 2006)

P. Nellas St., Poblacion III, Carcar City, Cebu

Tertiary: St. Catherine’s College (2015 – present)

Poblacion I, Carcar City, Cebu

TRAININGS/SEMINARS ATTENDED:

Health and Wellness Seminar/Workshop theme: Optimizing Health through Wellness

and Fitness 2018

Anselmo Bustos Gymnasium, University of San Carlos

16th Echo-Folk Dance Workshop 2018

Cebu City Sport Center Gym

Echo-Seminar Workshop on Cebuano Dances 2018

Carcar City Nice Hall, Carcar City, Cebu

Pedagogies for Diversity Learners 2018

St. Catherine’s College, Carcar City, Cebu

 CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL PROFILE:

Name: Carlyle Vince Julve

Age: 21 years old

Gender: Male

Date of Birth: September 21, 1997

Place of Birth: Cebu City

Marital Status: Single

Nationality: Filipino

Religion: Roman Catholic

Mother’s Maiden Name: Ma. Grace Nacua Velez

Father’s Name: Roselito Genobisa Julve

E-mail Address: julvevince@gmail.com

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:

Primary: Ocana Learning Center Incorporated ( OLCI ) 2004-2010

Ocana, Carcar City, Cebu

Secondary: Keanny-Diaz Educational Institute ( KDEI ) 2010-2014

Nueva Ecija, San Jose City

Tertiary: St. Catherine’ s College ( SCC ) present

Poblacion I, Carcar City, Cebu

TRAININGS/SEMINARS ATTENDED:

Health and Wellness Seminar/Workshop theme: Optimizing Health through Wellness

and Fitness 2018

Anselmo Bustos Gymnasium, University of San Carlos

16th Echo-Folk Dance Workshop 2018

Cebu City Sport Center Gym

Echo-Seminar Workshop on Cebuano Dances 2018

Carcar City Nice Hall, Carcar City, Cebu

Pedagogies for Diversity Learners 2018

St. Catherine’s College, Carcar City, Cebu

 Reference Units

Aquino, F. R. (1952). Philippine Folk Dances. Journal of the American Association for Healyh, Physical
Education and Recreation, 10-11.

Awit, J. G. (2015). Dance Day hopes to win youth interest in folk steps . Cebu City: Sunstar Philippines.

Babiera, R. M. (2104). Acculturation of Physical Education Teachers and Their Interest in Teaching Select
Philippine Folk Dances. IAMURE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EDUCATION, VOL. 9 NO. 1.

Habla, R. P. (2014, May 10). Strengthening and Preserving Practices of Philippine Folk Dances in Relation
to Cultural Awareness of Secondary Students. Retrieved from
https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F29
3801656_Strengthening_and_Preserving_Practices_of_Philippine_Folk_Dances_in_Relation_to_
Cultural_Awareness_of_Secondary_Students_of_Davao_City%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR3WzQNfX324L-
R

li, R. M. (2014, May 10). Strengthening and Preserving Practices of Philippine Folk Dances in Relation to
Cultural Awareness of Ssecondary Students. Retrieved from researchgate.net:
https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F29
3801656_Strengthening_and_Preserving_Practices_of_Philippine_Folk_Dances_in_Relation_to_
Cultural_Awareness_of_Secondary_Students_of_Davao_City%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR3WzQNfX324L-
R

Philippines, E. G. (2016, February 15). Ethnic Groups of the Philippines. Retrieved from
ethnicgroupsphilippines.com:
https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ethnicgroupsphilippines.com%2F2016%
2F02%2F15%2Fphilippine-folk-
dances%2F%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR2AHa9KFeGQifCpAa1HKMTjuj9QY_M6dNlB7mxs38YVpjW8sXjg92
0Ltl8&h=AT0UY0x9QJEop1BAFDYzliM0J4X63U3G-7GypEcVFhtWVx3CZI4que7MC6n

Poralan, P. S. (2014, May 10). Strengthening and Preserving Practices of Philipine Folk Dances in Relation
to Cultural Awareness of Secondary Students. Retrieved from researchggate.net:
https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F29
3801656_Strengthening_and_Preserving_Practices_of_Philippine_Folk_Dances_in_Relation_to_
Cultural_Awareness_of_Secondary_Students_of_Davao_City%3Ffbclid%3DIwAR3WzQNfX324L-
R
Philippine Folkdance: Skills and Interest of Grade 9 Students

A Research Proposal

Presented to

Dr. Archie M. Torcende

St. Catherine’s College

2018

In Partial Fulfillment

Of the requirements for the Course

Educ 5 – Assessment of Student Learning 1

Proponents:

Alcuitas, Riza I.

Dayanan, Jia W.

Julve, Carlyle Vince V.

Cardinal, Naome C.

Rodrigo, Abigail U.
 CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL PROFILE:

Name: Naome Caballero Cardinal

Age: 29 years old

Gender: Female

Date of Birth: November 05, 1989

Place of Birth: Carcar,Cebu

Marital Status: Married

Nationality: Filipino

Religion: Christian

Mother’s Maiden Name: Vilma Sasutil Langbid

Father’s Name: Isidro Alfanta Caballero

E-mail Address: naomecc@gmail.com

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:

Primary: Sangat Elementary School 2001-2002

Sangat,San Fernando,Cebu

Secondary: Sangat National High School 2005-2006

Sangat,San Fernando,Cebu

Tertiary: St. Catherine’ s College ( SCC ) present

Poblacion I, Carcar City, Cebu

TRAININGS/SEMINARS ATTENDED:

Basic Information Technology

Overseas Welfare Workers Association (OWWA)

Cebu City/January-February 2010

Computer Hardware Servicing

Technical Education and Skills Development Authority

Carcar City,Cebu/June-November 2016

 CURRICULUM VITAE

PERSONAL PROFILE:

Name: Abigail U. Rodrigo

Age: 23 years old

Gender: Female

Date of Birth: December 22, 1995

Place of Birth: Carcar,Cebu

Marital Status: Single

Nationality: Filipino

Religion: Roman Catholic

Mother’s Maiden Name: Edna Camotes Urgello

Father’s Name: Rodrigo G. Rodrigo

E-mail Address: Rodrigo_abigail@yahoo.com

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND:

Primary: Cepoc Elementary School 2006-2007

Tina-an, City of Naga Cebu

Secondary: Carcar Academy Technical School Inc. 2011-2012

Carcar Ctiy,Cebu

Tertiary: St. Catherine’ s College ( SCC ) present

Poblacion I, Carcar City, Cebu

March 11, 2019

SR. MA. FE V. LOBETOS

President/Directress

St. Catherine’s College

Carcar City, Cebu

Dear Sr. Fe,

Greetings with peace and love!

We, BSED-MAPEH and BSED-English students of St. Catherine’s College, Higher

Education Department, would like to conduct a research study entitled, “PHILIPPINE
FOLKDANCE: SKILLS AND INTERESTS OF GRADE 10 STUDENTS”. This will be
conducted to the Grade 10 students for the school year 2018-2019. The said study will
be conducted three sessions, on March 13,14 and March 20, 2019, 4:00-5:00pm at the
Viewing Room. This is in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the course EDUC 6 –
Assessment of Student Learning 2.

In this regard, we would like to ask permission to the conduct the said research study
in the mentioned school, time, dates and venue. We rest assured that all research
outputs will be dealt with utmost care.

We hope that the request will be given a favorable consideration.

Respectfully yours,

RIZA I. ALCUITAS

JIA W. DAYANAN

CARLYLE VINCE V. JULVE

NAOME C. CARDINAL

ABIGAIL U. RODRIGO

Researchers

Noted by:
ARCHIE TORCENDE, Ed. D

Research Adviser

Approved by:

SR. MA. FE V. LOBETOS, O.P

Presidents/Directress