KONGUNADU COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNIATION ENGINEERING

EC 6701 – RF & MICROWAVE ENGINEERING
UNIT – I
COURSE HANDOUTS
1. Formulate S-matrix for n-port network and derive its losses.
2. State and prove properties of S parameters.
 Zero diagonal elements for perfect matched networks
 Symmetry of a [S] for a reciprocal network
 Unitary property for a lossless junction
 Phase shift property
Zero diagonal elements for perfect matched networks

Symmetry of a [S] for a reciprocal network

Unitary property for a lossless junction

For any lossless network the sum of the products of each term of any one row or of any
column of the S-matrix multiplied by its complex conjugate is unity.

Phase shift property

 4 + 3𝑗 2
3. Determine the S matrix for the given impedance matrix 𝑍 = [ ]
3𝑗 1

S11 = -0.851 + j0.0078

S12 = 0.071 – j0.085
S21 = 0.0054 + j0.10
S22 = 0.96 – j0.0067

−0.851 + j0.0078 0.071 – j0.085

𝑆= [ ]
0.0054 + j0.10 0.96 – j0.0067

4. Explain in detail about various types of interconnection of two port networks.

Cascade Connection

The cascade connection of two networks N1 and N2 shown in fig.

Let V1,V2,I1 and I2 be the input and output port voltages and currents of combined
connection of N1 and N2
5. Write the relation between ABCD with S, Z, Y parameters.
Relation between ABCD parameters and Z parameters

Relation between ABCD parameters and Y parameters

Relationship between [S] and [ABCD]

6. The S – parameters of a two port network are given by 𝑆11 0.2 ∠900 , 𝑆22 =
0.2 ∠900 , 𝑆12 = 0.5 ∠900 , 𝑆21 = 0.5 ∠00 .
Determine whether the network is lossy or not.
Is the network symmetrical and reciprocal? Find the insertion loss of the network?

2 + 3𝑗 5𝑗
7. Evaluate the S parameters from the Z parameters. [𝑍] = [ ] , 𝑍𝑜 =
3𝑗 −𝑗
50Ὡ.
8. Discuss about reciprocal and lossless network in detail.
A reciprocal network is defined to be a network that satisfies the reciprocity theorem.
Reciprocity Theorem:
The theorem states that when some amount of electromotive force (or voltage)
is applied at one point in a passive linear network that will produce the current at any
other point. The same amount of current is produced when the same electromotive force
is applied in the new location.
ANALYSIS OF RECIPROCAL LOSSLESS NETWORKS
From the zero and unity properties of the S – matrix, the S-Parameters of a reciprocal
loss less network are constrained by equations

9. A four port network has the scattering matrix shown below.

Is this network loss less?

Is this network reciprocal?
What is the return loss at port 1 when all other ports are matched?
 10. Draw the high frequency equivalent of resistor, inductor and capacitor also
explain in detail.

RESISTOR:

Types:
1. Carbon resistor
2. Wire wound resistor
3. Metal film resistor
4. Thin film chip resistor

Capacitor:
INDUCTOR: